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Revolutionaries --- West Germany --- History --- North Rhine-Westphalia --- Revolutionary movements

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Intellectuals --- Intellectuals --- Revolutionaries --- Russia --- Russia --- Religious life --- Intellectuals --- Religious beliefs --- Revolutionary movements --- Role of intellectuals --- Russia --- History

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S04/0770 --- S09/0506 --- #SML: Joseph Spae --- China: History--Revolutionary movements around 1911 --- China: Foreign relations and world politics--China and Russia --- China --- Soviet Union --- -History --- -Relations --- -China --- History --- Relations --- -S04/0770

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S04/0740 --- S04/0770 --- S04/0801 --- S06/0255 --- #SML: Joseph Spae --- China: History--General: 1894 - 1911 --- China: History--Revolutionary movements around 1911 --- China: History--Revolution 1911 (Xinhai 辛亥) --- China: Politics and government--Political theory: modern (and/or under Western influence) --- China --- Guangdong Sheng (China) --- -History --- History --- History.

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Originally published in 1986. Martin A. Miller, author of the definitive biography of the exiled revolutionary Peter Kropotkin, traces the history of the first generations of Russians who went to Western Europe to devote their lives to anti-tsarist politics. Refusing to assimilate abroad and unable to return home, the émigrés political orientations were influenced by intellectual and social currents in both Russia and Europe. Miller undertakes a major reassessment of the émigré contribution to the Russian revolutionary movement. Starting with Nikolai Turgenev, who in 1825 was declared the first "émigré" by a special act of the Russian government, the exiles formed a unique social and political group. Miller takes a biographical approach in tracing the progression from a disparate community of intellectuals, unable to act together to promote their own program for change, to a more cohesive second émigré generation that provided the foundation for collective action and the development of a revolutionary ideology. The creation of the Russian émigré press, Miller argues, gave identity and momentum to the émigrés and helped promote their program of revolution and a new social order. The Russian Revolutionary Emigres, 1825-1870 concludes with the death in 1870 of the leading émigré figure, Alexander Herzen, and with an analysis of the impact upon the émigrés of the emergence of the populist revolutionary movement within Russia. The émigrés overcame the loss of their homeland through their version of a future Russia, one transformed into a new society where their ideals could be realized. When, two generations later, Lenin returned to Russia after decades in Europe and made this vision a reality, his actions built on the foundation laid by his nineteenth-century predecessors.

Historia Da Europa. --- Politics and government. --- Russians --- 1801-1917 --- Soviet Union --- Russia (Federation) --- Russia --- Politics and government --- Russian emigre revolutionary movements, 1825-1870 --- Ethnology --- Slavs, Eastern --- Russian Federation --- Rossiyskaya Federatsiya --- Rossiya (Federation) --- Rossii︠a︡ (Federation) --- Российская Федерация --- Rossiĭskai︠a︡ Federat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Rosiĭsʹka Federat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Російська Федерація --- Federazione della Russia --- Russische Föderation --- RF --- Federation of Russia --- Urysye Federat︠s︡ie --- Pravitelʹstvo Rossii --- Правительство России --- Pravitelʹstvo Rossiĭskoĭ Federat︠s︡ii --- Правительство Российской Федерации --- Правительство РФ --- Pravitelʹstvo RF --- Rosja (Federation) --- Eluosi (Federation) --- O-lo-ssu (Federation) --- 俄罗斯 (Federation) --- Roshia Renpō --- Federazione russa --- OKhU --- Orosyn Kholboony Uls --- Russian S.F.S.R.