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Retirees --- Retirement --- Recreation

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Retirement --- Retirees --- Social conditions.

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Farmers --- Retirees --- Retirement

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Retirees must draw down their accumulated assets in an orderly fashion so as not to exhaust their funds too soon. We derive the optimal retirement portfolio from a menu that includes payout annuities as well as an investment allocation and a withdrawal strategy, assuming risk aversion, stochastic capital markets, and uncertain lifetimes. The resulting portfolio allocation, when fixed as of retirement, is then compared to phased withdrawal strategies such a "self-annuitization" plan or the 401(k) "default" pattern encouraged under US tax law. Surprisingly, the fixed percentage approach proves appealing for retirees across a wide range of risk preferences, supporting financial planning advisors who often recommend this rule. We then permit the retiree to switch to an annuity later, which gives her the chance to invest in the capital market and "bet on death." As risk aversion rises, annuities first crowd out bonds in retiree portfolios; at higher risk aversion still, annuities replace equities in the portfolio. Making annuitization compulsory can also lead to substantial utility losses for less risk-averse investors.

Retirees --- Mathematical models. --- Finance, Personal.

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Using checklists, questions, and practical tips, Edleson walks readers through 12 steps to planning and preparing for retirement that work with any budget and focus on the resources at hand. Not every retiree will have an enormous nest egg, but every retiree would like to be comfortable, secure, and happy.

Retirees --- Retirement --- Finance, Personal. --- Planning.