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Social behavior has long puzzled evolutionary biologists, since the classical theory of natural selection maintains that individuals should not sacrifice their own fitness to affect that of others. Social Evolution and Inclusive Fitness Theory argues that a theory first presented in 1963 by William D. Hamilton-inclusive fitness theory-provides the most fundamental and general explanation for the evolution and maintenance of social behavior in the natural world. James Marshall guides readers through the vast and confusing literature on the evolution of social behavior, introducing and explaining the competing theories that claim to provide answers to questions such as why animals evolve to behave altruistically. Using simple statistical language and techniques that practicing biologists will be familiar with, he provides a comprehensive yet easily understandable treatment of key concepts and their repeated misinterpretations. Particular attention is paid to how more realistic features of behavior, such as non-additivity and conditionality, can complicate analysis. Marshall highlights the general problem of identifying the underlying causes of evolutionary change, and proposes fruitful approaches to doing so in the study of social evolution. Social Evolution and Inclusive Fitness Theory describes how inclusive fitness theory addresses both simple and complex social scenarios, the controversies surrounding the theory, and how experimental work supports the theory as the most powerful explanation for social behavior and its evolution.

Sociobiology. --- Social behavior in animals. --- Behavior evolution. --- Evolution (Biology) --- Social evolution. --- Hamilton, W. D. --- Charles Darwin. --- George Price. --- Haldane's dilemma. --- Hamilton's rule. --- Price equation. --- R. A. Fisher. --- additive donation game. --- additivity. --- altruism. --- apparent design. --- class-structured populations. --- competition. --- conditional behaviors. --- conditionality. --- cooperative breeding. --- eusociality. --- evolution. --- evolutionary change. --- evolutionary fitness. --- fecundity. --- fitness benefits. --- fitness costs. --- fitness. --- genes. --- genetic selection. --- greenbeard traits. --- group selection. --- heritability. --- inclusive fitness theory. --- inclusive fitness. --- multilevel selection. --- natural selection. --- nonadditive behaviors. --- nonadditive donation game. --- nonadditive interactions. --- nonadditivity. --- partial regression. --- payoffs. --- phenotype. --- phenotypic assortment. --- population genetics. --- public goods games. --- quantitative genetics. --- reciprocal cooperation. --- relatedness. --- replicator dynamics. --- reproductive success. --- reproductive value. --- self-sacrifice. --- sex allocation. --- social behaviors. --- social evolution. --- spite. --- structured populations. --- synergistic coefficient. --- unconditional behaviors.

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An authoritative overview of the concepts and applications of biological demography This book provides a comprehensive introduction to biodemography, an exciting interdisciplinary field that unites the natural science of biology with the social science of human demography. Biodemography is an essential resource for demographers, epidemiologists, gerontologists, and health professionals as well as ecologists, population biologists, entomologists, and conservation biologists. This accessible and innovative book is also ideal for the classroom. James Carey and Deborah Roach cover everything from baseline demographic concepts to biodemographic applications, and present models and equations in discrete rather than continuous form to enhance mathematical accessibility. They use a wealth of real-world examples that draw from data sets on both human and nonhuman species and offer an interdisciplinary approach to demography like no other, with topics ranging from kinship theory and family demography to reliability engineering, tort law, and demographic disasters such as the Titanic and the destruction of Napoleon's Grande Armée. Provides the first synthesis of demography and biology Covers baseline demographic models and concepts such as Lexis diagrams, mortality, fecundity, and population theory Features in-depth discussions of biodemographic applications like harvesting theory and mark-recapture Draws from data sets on species ranging from fruit flies and plants to elephants and humans Uses a uniquely interdisciplinary approach to demography, bringing together a diverse range of concepts, models, and applications Includes informative "biodemographic shorts," appendixes on data visualization and management, and more than 150 illustrations of models and equations

Population biology. --- A0. --- Aunt. --- Baby boomers. --- Biodemography. --- Birth rate. --- Birthday problem. --- Breast cancer. --- Budding. --- Charles Darwin. --- Childbirth. --- Coefficient of relationship. --- Cohort effect. --- Cohort study. --- Compound interest. --- Compression of morbidity. --- Condition index. --- Conservation status. --- Counting. --- Demographic history. --- Demographic transition. --- Demography. --- Epidemiology. --- Estimation. --- Eusociality. --- Evolution of ageing. --- Evolution. --- Exponential growth. --- Family planning. --- Fecundity. --- Female. --- Fertility. --- Force of mortality. --- Generation time. --- Gerontology. --- Gini Index. --- Grandparent. --- Health Transition. --- Heat map. --- Honey bee. --- Infant mortality. --- Interquartile range. --- James Vaupel. --- Lead time bias. --- Leslie matrix. --- Lexis diagram. --- Life expectancy. --- Life extension. --- Life table. --- Local extinction. --- Longevity. --- Longitudinal study. --- Malthusianism. --- Maximum life span. --- Menopause. --- Millennials. --- Monte Carlo method. --- Morbidity Rate. --- Mortality rate. --- Net reproduction rate. --- Nuptial flight. --- Pedigree chart. --- Pedigree collapse. --- Percentage point. --- Poisson distribution. --- Population ageing. --- Population change. --- Population control. --- Population cycle. --- Population decline. --- Population dynamics. --- Population growth. --- Population model. --- Population momentum. --- Population projection. --- Population pyramid. --- Population size. --- Population. --- Prevalence. --- Probability distribution. --- Probability. --- Raw data. --- Remarriage. --- Renewal theory. --- Reproduction. --- Reproductive value (population genetics). --- Risk of mortality. --- Sampling (statistics). --- Sex ratio. --- Standard deviation. --- Sub-replacement fertility. --- Survival analysis. --- Survival rate. --- Swarming (honey bee). --- The Fifth Child. --- Threatened species. --- Total fertility rate. --- Vital rates. --- Will Rogers phenomenon. --- William Erasmus Darwin. --- Year.