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Physiological Adaptations for Breeding in Birds is the most current and comprehensive account of research on avian reproduction. It develops two unique themes: the consideration of female avian reproductive physiology and ecology, and an emphasis on individual variation in life-history traits. Tony Williams investigates the physiological, metabolic, energetic, and hormonal mechanisms that underpin individual variation in the key female-specific reproductive traits and the trade-offs between these traits that determine variation in fitness. The core of the book deals with the avian reproductive cycle, from seasonal gonadal development, through egg laying and incubation, to chick rearing. Reproduction is considered in the context of the annual cycle and through an individual's entire life history. The book focuses on timing of breeding, clutch size, egg size and egg quality, and parental care. It also provides a primer on female reproductive physiology and considers trade-offs and carryover effects between reproduction and other life-history stages. In each chapter, Williams describes individual variation in the trait of interest and the evolutionary context for trait variation. He argues that there is only a rudimentary, and in some cases nonexistent, understanding of the physiological mechanisms that underpin individual variation in the major reproductive life-history traits, and that research efforts should refocus on these key unresolved problems by incorporating detailed physiological studies into existing long-term population studies, generating a new synthesis of physiology, ecology, and evolutionary biology.
Birds --- Phenotype. --- Adaptation (Physiology) --- Females. --- Aves --- Avian fauna --- Avifauna --- Wild birds --- Amniotes --- Vertebrates --- Ornithology --- Phenotypes --- Genetics --- Genotype-environment interaction --- Compensation (Physiology) --- Plasticity (Physiology) --- Ecophysiology --- Sex --- Ecology. --- Variation. --- Physiology. --- Reproduction. --- Evolution. Phylogeny --- Veterinary physiology --- annual cycle. --- avian ecology. --- avian reproduction. --- avian reproductive cycle. --- breeding events. --- breeding season. --- breeding. --- chick rearing. --- chick-rearing. --- clutch number. --- clutch size. --- corticosterone. --- ecology. --- egg laying. --- egg production. --- egg quality. --- egg size. --- evolutionary biology. --- female birds. --- female reproduction. --- food availability. --- hypothalamicаituitaryЧonadal axis. --- incubation. --- life-history stages. --- life-history. --- maternal fitness. --- neuroendocrine system. --- nutrient debts. --- ovary. --- parental care. --- photoperiod. --- physiological mechanisms. --- post-breeding life. --- pre-breeding period. --- prolactin. --- reproductive costs. --- reproductive cycle. --- reproductive life-history. --- reproductive physiology. --- reproductive traits. --- resource allocation. --- self-maintenance. --- temperature. --- wintering.
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Plants respond to diverse environmental stimuli such as light, nutrients, temperature, and oxygen, which shape their growth and fate. When these stimuli are suboptimal for adequate plant growth, they cause stress. This book is a collection of research articles providing evidence about plant responses to stresses and environmental stimuli, as well as new methodologies for plant phenotyping.
Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Technology, engineering, agriculture --- abiotic stress tolerance --- ascorbate (AsA) --- cad2-1 --- glutathione (GSH) --- leaf area --- photosynthesis --- root architecture --- seed germination --- vtc2-4 --- vtc5-2 --- expression profiling --- heterosis --- salinity stress --- seedlings --- rice --- nets --- sun chemical protectants --- sunscald --- climate changes --- field identification --- drought resistance --- japonica rice --- germplasm --- agronomic trait --- chili and bell pepper --- low temperature stress --- vegetative and reproductive traits --- pepper breeding --- PCA --- hierarchical cluster analysis --- Olea europaea L. --- drought stress --- stem water potential --- fruit growth --- oil content --- polyphenols --- allopathy --- Beta vulgaris L. --- Brassica rapa L. var. japonica --- Lactuca sativa L. --- phenolic compounds --- Valerianella locusta Laterr. --- bud --- bud burst --- development --- dormancy --- explants --- field capacity --- gravimetric water content --- grapevine --- perennial plants --- water --- biofertilizer --- Glomus mosseae --- colonization --- biostimulant --- FRAP --- legumes --- cover crops --- drought --- biological nitrogen fixation --- water use efficiency --- nitrogen use efficiency --- stable isotopes --- stomatal conductance --- mathematical modeling --- crop breeding --- water stress --- elemental sulphur --- sulphate --- macroelements --- microelements --- Triticum durum --- Triticum turgidum --- abiotic stress --- phenotyping --- Win-RHIZO --- n/a
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