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As the age of childbearing increases, reduced female gamete (egg) quality has emerged as the primaery cause of infertility in women. This book addresses molecular mechanisms that regulate oocyte quality as well as intrinsic and extrinsic factors that compromise these mechanisms. Eggs are produced through a unique cell division called meiosis. Oocyte meiosis is initiated early in fetal life. Shortly before birth, the oocyte undergoes a prolonged arrest at prophase I until the age of puberty, at which selected oocytes resume meiosis I. Following meiotic resumption and during oocyte maturation, tight regulation of nuclear and DNA-related mechanisms ensures proper homologous chromosome segregation prior to another arrest at metaphase II. Any errors prior to completion of meiosis I can lead to chromosome segregation errors and aneuploidy, the most common genetic cause of miscarriage and congenital disorders such as Down syndrome. In addition to nuclear maturation, several cytoplasmic processes are orchestrated to support cell division and to generate developmentally competent eggs capable of supporting fertilization and early embryonic development. The interaction between these nuclear and cytoplasmic processes is critical for producing good-quality oocytes. This volume in the Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology book series presents current reviews by leading experts. It offers valuable insights for researchers, physicians and Ph.D. students interested in reproductive biology, particularly oocyte quality and meiosis.

Reproduction. --- Physiology. --- Cytology. --- Reproductive health. --- Reproductive Physiology. --- Cell Biology. --- Reproductive Medicine.

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Fish culture --- Reproductive behaviour --- Gametogenesis --- Fishes --- Fishes --- Fishes --- Fishes --- Fishes --- Fishes --- Fishes --- Fishes --- Conferences --- Reproductive physiology --- Pituitary gonadotropins --- Hypothalamus --- Reproduction --- Reproduction --- Reproductive behaviour --- Gonads --- Gametogenesis --- Fish culture --- Reproductive behaviour --- Gametogenesis --- Fishes --- Fishes --- Fishes --- Fishes --- Fishes --- Fishes --- Fishes --- Fishes --- Conferences --- Reproductive physiology --- Pituitary gonadotropins --- Hypothalamus --- Reproduction --- Environmental impact --- Reproduction --- Evolution --- Reproductive behaviour --- Gonads --- Physiology --- Gametogenesis

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The book provides a comprehensive overview of classic and modern approaches of centrosome research, including new aspects of centrosome functions focusing on primary cilia and their implications in numerous diseases. In addition, several chapters raise awareness of centrosomes in areas that have not yet fully considered the centrosome as an organelle that impacts other organelle functions directly or indirectly. It further relates centrosome functions to other research areas such as aging and stem cell research. Since its discovery almost 150 years ago the centrosome is increasingly being recognized as a most impactful organelle for its role, not only as primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) but also as a major communication center for signal transduction pathways and as a center for proteolytic activities. Its significance for cell cycle regulation has been well studied and we now also know that centrosome dysfunctions are implicated in numerous diseases and disorders including cancer, cystic diseases of the kidney, liver fibrosis, cardiac defects, obesity and several other diseases and disorders. This new volume reviews the latest advances in the field and provides valuable background information that is readily understandable for the newcomer and the experienced centrosome researcher alike. Due to the interdisciplinary of the subject, it is a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians working in biomedical research, cell biology, cancer biology, reproduction and developmental biology, neuroscience and stem cell research. .

General embryology. Developmental biology --- Histology. Cytology --- Biology --- Human physiology --- Oncology. Neoplasms --- Pathological biochemistry --- Human medicine --- medische biochemie --- biologie --- biomedische wetenschappen --- oncologie --- fysiologie --- cytologie --- embryologie (geneeskunde) --- histologie --- Cytology. --- Reproduction. --- Physiology. --- Medicine --- Cancer. --- Developmental biology. --- Cell Biology. --- Reproductive Physiology. --- Biomedical Research. --- Cancer Biology. --- Developmental Biology and Stem Cells. --- Research. --- Citologia --- Centrosomes

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This textbook aims to describe physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie human maternal-fetal interactions. The book emphasizes the structure and development of the fetoplacental unit, the endocrine and nutritional regulation of fetal development, nitric oxide signalling, solute carriers function and ion channels regulation in healthy pregnancies and diseases, like preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and maternal obesity, among others. Also, we highlight novel mechanisms associated with language impairment in children, the use of serotonin inhibitors or cannabis during pregnancy, and maternal conditions' potential impact on cerebrovascular development in newborns and infants. The cellular and molecular understanding of maternal-fetal physiology and pathophysiology will allow the readers to understand the impact of diseases or conditions that are highly prevalent in pregnant women.

Biomedical engineering. --- Obstetrics. --- Maternal-fetal medicine --- Medicine --- Clinical engineering --- Medical engineering --- Bioengineering --- Biophysics --- Engineering --- Human physiology. --- Reproductive health. --- Reproduction. --- Physiology. --- Pharmacology. --- Cytology. --- Gynecology. --- Human Physiology. --- Reproductive Medicine. --- Reproductive Physiology. --- Cell Biology. --- Gynaecology --- Generative organs, Female --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Biology --- Cells --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Medical sciences --- Chemicals --- Chemotherapy --- Drugs --- Pharmacy --- Animal physiology --- Animals --- Anatomy --- Amphimixis --- Generation --- Pangenesis --- Procreation --- Life (Biology) --- Physiology --- Sex (Biology) --- Embryology --- Generative organs --- Theriogenology --- Human reproduction --- Human reproductive health --- Human reproductive medicine --- Reproductive medicine --- Health --- Human biology --- Human body --- Diseases --- Physiological effect --- Health aspects

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Physiological Adaptations for Breeding in Birds is the most current and comprehensive account of research on avian reproduction. It develops two unique themes: the consideration of female avian reproductive physiology and ecology, and an emphasis on individual variation in life-history traits. Tony Williams investigates the physiological, metabolic, energetic, and hormonal mechanisms that underpin individual variation in the key female-specific reproductive traits and the trade-offs between these traits that determine variation in fitness. The core of the book deals with the avian reproductive cycle, from seasonal gonadal development, through egg laying and incubation, to chick rearing. Reproduction is considered in the context of the annual cycle and through an individual's entire life history. The book focuses on timing of breeding, clutch size, egg size and egg quality, and parental care. It also provides a primer on female reproductive physiology and considers trade-offs and carryover effects between reproduction and other life-history stages. In each chapter, Williams describes individual variation in the trait of interest and the evolutionary context for trait variation. He argues that there is only a rudimentary, and in some cases nonexistent, understanding of the physiological mechanisms that underpin individual variation in the major reproductive life-history traits, and that research efforts should refocus on these key unresolved problems by incorporating detailed physiological studies into existing long-term population studies, generating a new synthesis of physiology, ecology, and evolutionary biology.

Birds --- Phenotype. --- Adaptation (Physiology) --- Females. --- Aves --- Avian fauna --- Avifauna --- Wild birds --- Amniotes --- Vertebrates --- Ornithology --- Phenotypes --- Genetics --- Genotype-environment interaction --- Compensation (Physiology) --- Plasticity (Physiology) --- Ecophysiology --- Sex --- Ecology. --- Variation. --- Physiology. --- Reproduction. --- Evolution. Phylogeny --- Veterinary physiology --- annual cycle. --- avian ecology. --- avian reproduction. --- avian reproductive cycle. --- breeding events. --- breeding season. --- breeding. --- chick rearing. --- chick-rearing. --- clutch number. --- clutch size. --- corticosterone. --- ecology. --- egg laying. --- egg production. --- egg quality. --- egg size. --- evolutionary biology. --- female birds. --- female reproduction. --- food availability. --- hypothalamicаituitaryЧonadal axis. --- incubation. --- life-history stages. --- life-history. --- maternal fitness. --- neuroendocrine system. --- nutrient debts. --- ovary. --- parental care. --- photoperiod. --- physiological mechanisms. --- post-breeding life. --- pre-breeding period. --- prolactin. --- reproductive costs. --- reproductive cycle. --- reproductive life-history. --- reproductive physiology. --- reproductive traits. --- resource allocation. --- self-maintenance. --- temperature. --- wintering.