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The purpose of this Special Issue was to collect and present research results and experiences on energy supply in the Visegrad Group countries. This research considers both macroeconomic and microeconomic aspects. It was important to determine how the V4 countries deal with energy management, how they have undergone or are undergoing energy transformation and in what direction they are heading. The articles concerned aspects of the energy balance in the V4 countries compared to the EU, including the production of renewable energy, as well as changes in its individual sectors (transport and food production). The energy efficiency of low-emission vehicles in public transport and goods deliveries are also discussed, as well as the energy efficiency of farms and energy storage facilities and the impact of the energy sector on the quality of the environment.

Research & information: general --- Physics --- energy supplies --- energy security --- energy market --- EU countries --- Hellwig’s method --- sustainability strategies --- sustainable development --- Visegrád Group --- sustainable strategic management --- the renewable energy sector --- energy use --- structures --- food production systems --- Visegrad Group --- energy mix --- renewables --- energy in transport --- energetic efficiency --- energy sources --- economic growth --- developing and developed countries --- energy sector --- environmental quality --- renewable energy sources (RES) --- nuclear energy --- southeastern Poland --- sustainability --- renewable energy sources --- European Union --- cluster analysis --- Visegrad Group countries --- fuels --- cointegration --- Granger causality --- electricity prices --- households --- directions of price changes --- biogas energy --- solar energy --- hybrid biogas plant --- renewable energy --- circular economy --- off-grid systems --- energy efficiency --- social and economic aspects of energy --- economic efficiency --- low emissions --- zero emissions --- e-commerce --- last mile --- parcel lockers --- efficiency of logistics processes --- economies of scale --- simulation of logistics processes --- COVID-19 --- BESS management --- price arbitration --- shift load --- microgrid

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This book is a printed version of the papers published in the Special Issue “DC & Hybrid Microgrids” of Applied Sciences. This Special Issue, co-organized by the University of Pisa, Italy and Østfold University College in Norway, has collected nine papers and the editorial, from 28 submitted, with authors from Asia, North America and Europe. The published articles provide an overview of the most recent research advances in direct current (DC) and hybrid microgrids, exploiting the opportunities offered by the use of renewable energy sources, battery energy storage systems, power converters, innovative control and energy management strategies.

Technology: general issues --- energy management strategy (EMS) --- distributed generator (DG) --- state of charge (SoC) --- circuit breaker (CB) --- standard test condition (STC) --- photovoltaic (PV) --- solar --- microgrid --- droop control --- patrol base --- islanded DC microgrid --- battery-only operation --- constant power load --- CPL --- floating DC bus --- stability criterion --- power management --- AC/DC distribution network --- distributed generator --- planning --- timing characteristics --- genetic-ant colony hybrid algorithm --- forest microgrid --- biomass energy --- operation mode-based sectional coordinated control --- hybrid energy storage --- predictive control --- inertia improvement --- unbalanced electric bridge --- DC insulation monitoring --- ground capacitance --- three-point climbing algorithm --- islanding detection --- DC grid --- active islanding detection method --- injected signal cancellation --- multi-distributed generations --- perturbation signal --- photovoltaic system --- direct current (DC) microgrid --- stability --- constant power loads --- large transmission line inductive --- simplified circuit model --- virtual negative inductance --- micro-grid --- hybrid micro-grid --- smart grid --- battery energy storage --- renewable energy sources (RES) --- hybrid vehicles (HEV) --- full-electric vehicles (EV) --- Bidirectional converters --- direct current (DC) grid --- hybrid microgrid --- bidirectional converters

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This book is a printed version of the papers published in the Special Issue “DC & Hybrid Microgrids” of Applied Sciences. This Special Issue, co-organized by the University of Pisa, Italy and Østfold University College in Norway, has collected nine papers and the editorial, from 28 submitted, with authors from Asia, North America and Europe. The published articles provide an overview of the most recent research advances in direct current (DC) and hybrid microgrids, exploiting the opportunities offered by the use of renewable energy sources, battery energy storage systems, power converters, innovative control and energy management strategies.

Technology: general issues --- energy management strategy (EMS) --- distributed generator (DG) --- state of charge (SoC) --- circuit breaker (CB) --- standard test condition (STC) --- photovoltaic (PV) --- solar --- microgrid --- droop control --- patrol base --- islanded DC microgrid --- battery-only operation --- constant power load --- CPL --- floating DC bus --- stability criterion --- power management --- AC/DC distribution network --- distributed generator --- planning --- timing characteristics --- genetic-ant colony hybrid algorithm --- forest microgrid --- biomass energy --- operation mode-based sectional coordinated control --- hybrid energy storage --- predictive control --- inertia improvement --- unbalanced electric bridge --- DC insulation monitoring --- ground capacitance --- three-point climbing algorithm --- islanding detection --- DC grid --- active islanding detection method --- injected signal cancellation --- multi-distributed generations --- perturbation signal --- photovoltaic system --- direct current (DC) microgrid --- stability --- constant power loads --- large transmission line inductive --- simplified circuit model --- virtual negative inductance --- micro-grid --- hybrid micro-grid --- smart grid --- battery energy storage --- renewable energy sources (RES) --- hybrid vehicles (HEV) --- full-electric vehicles (EV) --- Bidirectional converters --- direct current (DC) grid --- hybrid microgrid --- bidirectional converters

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In the last two decades, we have witnessed the evolution of the energy sector. Many countries throughout the world have been shifting their energy production methods from fossil fuel use to more environmentally friendly methods. These methods are described by the term “Renewable Energy Methods” and entail the production of energy from Renewable Energy Sources (RES) based on wind, water, biomass, solar energy, and geothermal energy. This shift is mainly driven by the increase in public awareness of environmental problems and climate change, which are both related to the increase in Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. The main goal of this Special Issue is to determine methodologies that can be applied in education in order to raise the awareness of students as well as their families about issues related to renewable sources and energy conservation. Furthermore, the authors studied the factors, parameters, and criteria that affect the decision-making involved in the selection of appropriate types of renewable energy sources in order to select the optimal form, both financially and environmentally. Finally, an attempt is made to recognize methods for communicating the usage of RES and energy savings to the public. Such communication methods are necessary because, in many communities, there are issues surrounding the acceptance of RES installation, as the public considers them to be factors of environmental degradation.

Research & information: general --- Environmental economics --- renewable energy --- governance --- community energy --- citizens’ energy companies --- actor plurality --- acceptance --- energy transition --- auction scheme --- Germany --- Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) --- barriers --- sustainability --- multi-functionality --- proposal --- educative-communication approach --- sustainable agriculture --- negative externalities --- GHG emissions --- NARDL model --- Renewable Energy Enterprises --- Internet --- benchmark --- education for sustainable development --- environmental protection --- curriculum --- teacher --- renewable resources --- natural gas --- energy market --- customer satisfaction --- industrial customers --- multicriteria analysis --- Renewable energy sources --- energy poverty --- citizen attitudes --- Thessaloniki --- marine renewable energy --- co-existence --- co-location --- Dempster Shafer Analytic Hierarchy Process --- multi-criteria analysis --- environmental Kuznets curve --- deforestation --- ARDL with bounds test --- willingness-to-invest --- energy investments --- renewable energy sources (RES) --- perceptions --- attitudes --- department of forestry --- environmental science --- university students --- decision-making --- education --- communication --- investments --- policy --- RES

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In the last two decades, we have witnessed the evolution of the energy sector. Many countries throughout the world have been shifting their energy production methods from fossil fuel use to more environmentally friendly methods. These methods are described by the term “Renewable Energy Methods” and entail the production of energy from Renewable Energy Sources (RES) based on wind, water, biomass, solar energy, and geothermal energy. This shift is mainly driven by the increase in public awareness of environmental problems and climate change, which are both related to the increase in Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. The main goal of this Special Issue is to determine methodologies that can be applied in education in order to raise the awareness of students as well as their families about issues related to renewable sources and energy conservation. Furthermore, the authors studied the factors, parameters, and criteria that affect the decision-making involved in the selection of appropriate types of renewable energy sources in order to select the optimal form, both financially and environmentally. Finally, an attempt is made to recognize methods for communicating the usage of RES and energy savings to the public. Such communication methods are necessary because, in many communities, there are issues surrounding the acceptance of RES installation, as the public considers them to be factors of environmental degradation.

renewable energy --- governance --- community energy --- citizens’ energy companies --- actor plurality --- acceptance --- energy transition --- auction scheme --- Germany --- Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) --- barriers --- sustainability --- multi-functionality --- proposal --- educative-communication approach --- sustainable agriculture --- negative externalities --- GHG emissions --- NARDL model --- Renewable Energy Enterprises --- Internet --- benchmark --- education for sustainable development --- environmental protection --- curriculum --- teacher --- renewable resources --- natural gas --- energy market --- customer satisfaction --- industrial customers --- multicriteria analysis --- Renewable energy sources --- energy poverty --- citizen attitudes --- Thessaloniki --- marine renewable energy --- co-existence --- co-location --- Dempster Shafer Analytic Hierarchy Process --- multi-criteria analysis --- environmental Kuznets curve --- deforestation --- ARDL with bounds test --- willingness-to-invest --- energy investments --- renewable energy sources (RES) --- perceptions --- attitudes --- department of forestry --- environmental science --- university students --- decision-making --- education --- communication --- investments --- policy --- RES