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GEORGE A. PORTER information is an international commodity whose The field of clinical nephrotoxicity involves toxins of interpretation and application are strongly influenced diverse origin and exposure. A significant contribution by both the cultural and ethnic background of the to this problem arises from registered and non-regis­ observer. The opportunity to share in the rich diversity tered drugs either prescribed or purchased over the of the international scientific community was a fun­ counter. Another major contributor comes from occu­ pational or industrial exposures. Each situation pre­ damental goal of this endeavor. To participate as sents the nephrologist with unique challenges con­ equals leads to mutual respect and peer appreciation. cerning diagnosis, confirrnation, and treatment includ­ The sharing of intellectual resources which such an ing limitation from future exposure. In selecting drugs effort fosters, should facilitate the advancement of for inclusions in this book the editors were guided by sound science. both frequency and current knowledge. For occupa­ Our approach to the field of nephrotoxicity is from tionall environmental exposures similar guidelines the perspective of a book which will be of value to the were applied. As one reviews the world's literature clinician. In this respect we have chosen compounds concerning nephrotoxicity two types of investigation wh ich are of current importance to the nephrologist and his/her patient rather than of historical interest.

Kidney toxicity --- Kidney toxicology --- Nefrotoxicologie --- Nephrotoxic disease --- Nephrotoxicity --- Nephrotoxicology --- Néphrotoxicologie --- Renal toxicity --- Renal toxicology --- Toxicologie [Nefro] --- Toxicologie [Néphro] --- Kidneys --- Effect of drugs on --- Nephrology. --- Internal medicine. --- Pharmacology. --- Internal Medicine. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Medical sciences --- Chemicals --- Chemotherapy --- Drugs --- Pharmacy --- Medicine, Internal --- Medicine --- Internal medicine --- Physiological effect --- Nephrotoxicology. --- Toxicology --- Diseases --- KIDNEY --- KIDNEY DISEASES --- DRUG EFFECTS --- CHEMICALLY INDUCED

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Balkan nephropathy --- -Genitourinary organs --- -Mycotoxins --- Ochratoxins --- Nephrotoxicology --- Kanker --- Toxicologie --- Nefrologie --- Urologie --- Tumor --- Kidney toxicity --- Kidney toxicology --- Nephrotoxic disease --- Nephrotoxicity --- Renal toxicity --- Renal toxicology --- Kidneys --- Toxicology --- Mycotoxins --- Fungal toxins --- Fungal metabolites --- Microbial toxins --- Mycotoxicoses --- Toxigenic fungi --- Genito-urinary organs --- Urogenital organs --- Organs (Anatomy) --- Balkan endemic nephropathy --- Balkan nephritis --- Balkan tubulointerstitial nephritis --- Endemic nephritis --- Endemic nephropathy --- Nephritis, Balkan --- Nephritis, Endemic --- Nephropathy, Balkan --- Nephropathy, Endemic --- Chronic renal failure --- Geochemical diseases --- Nephritis, Interstitial --- Etiology --- Cancer --- -Etiology --- Néphrologie --- Tumeur --- Diseases --- Genitourinary organs --- Mycotoxins. --- Nephrotoxicology. --- Ochratoxins. --- Etiology. --- Cancer&delete& --- BALKAN NEPHROPATHY --- UROLOGIC NEOPLASMS --- MYCOTOXINS --- OCHRATOXINS --- KIDNEY --- WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION --- ETIOLOGY --- EPIDEMIOLOGY --- ADVERSE EFFECTS --- DRUG EFFECTS

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The kidney performs important functions in the human body and can inflict either acute kidney injury (AKI) or chronic kidney disease (CKD). AKI can be induced by kidney ischemia, drugs such as cisplatin, and heavy metals such as cadmium and arsenic. CKD can be induced by drugs, heavy metals, hypertension, and diabetes, as well as cancer. Importantly, nearly all kidney disorders have been shown to involve redox imbalance, reductive stress, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial abnormalities such as impaired mitochondrial homeostasis, including disrupted mitophagy and deranged mitochondrial unfolded protein responses. Understanding how these redox-related dysregulated pathways operate may give us new insights into how to design novel approaches to fighting kidney disease. This Special Issue of Biomolecules entitled “Redox imbalance and mitochondrial abnormalities in kidney disease” covers a variety of topics focusing on oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and antioxidation enhancement implicated in kidney disease or kidney transplantation.

diabetic kidney disease --- caloric restriction --- NADH/NAD+ --- redox imbalance --- mitochondrial homeostasis --- mitophagy --- oxidative stress --- kidney allograft --- kidney rejection --- ischemia --- acute kidney injury (AKI) --- chronic kidney disease (CKD) --- tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle --- mitochondrial metabolism --- mitochondrial redox signaling --- mitochondrial proteins --- oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) --- fatty acid (FA) β-oxidation --- mitochondrial dynamics --- biogenesis --- diabetes --- kidney --- mitochondria --- Oryza sativa --- rice husk --- TCA cycle metabolites --- kidney diseases --- renalase --- chronic kidney disease --- major adverse cardiovascular outcomes --- cadmium --- kidney injury --- renal toxicity --- oxidative damage --- proximal tubule --- controlled oxygenated rewarming --- mitochondrial uncoupling --- rewarming injury --- temperature paradox --- redox --- mitochondrial dysfunction --- SGLT2 --- mitochondrial reactive oxygen species --- Warburg effect --- podocytopathies --- mitochondrial oxidative stress --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- antioxidant defense --- cell death --- n/a

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The Special Issue entitled “Pediatric and adolescent nephrology facing the future: diagnostic advances and prognostic biomarkers in everyday practice” contains articles written in the era when COVID-19 had not yet been a major clinical problem in children. Now that we know its multifaceted clinical course, complications concerning the kidneys, and childhood-specific post-COVID pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS), the value of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in the pediatric area should be appreciated, and their importance ought to increase.

Medicine --- Clinical & internal medicine --- chronic kidney disease --- cytokines --- solitary functioning kidney --- tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis --- netrin-1 --- renal tubular damage --- premature newborns --- overactive bladder --- urinary microbiome --- children --- adolescents --- cystatin C --- galectin-3 --- periostin --- primary hypertension --- arterial damage --- blood pressure --- neurogenic bladder --- myelomeningocele --- markers --- furosemide stress test --- hyperfiltration --- [IGFBP-7] × [TIMP-2] --- NGAL --- renal angina index --- renal functional reserve --- tubular damage --- tubuloglomerular feedback --- neurotrophins --- transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation --- hemopexin --- nephrotic syndrome --- HNF1B --- hyperuricemia --- PTH --- renal function --- uric acid --- FEUA --- sclerostin --- obesity --- childhood --- dental caries --- gingivitis --- kidney injury --- glomerulopathy --- glomerular injury --- alpha-1 acid glycoprotein --- urinary mRNA expression of podocyte-associated proteins --- cathepsin B --- premature neonates --- immaturity --- NT-proBNP --- cardiovascular disease --- common carotid artery intima-media thickness --- bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 --- bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-6 --- extracellular matrix metalloproteinases inducer (EMMPRIN) --- macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) --- tubular functional reserve --- cytokeratin-18 --- endoglin --- transforming growth factor-β1 --- renal fibrosis --- congenital obstructive nephropathy --- diabetic kidney disease --- vascular endothelial markers --- eGFR --- adenine nucleotide metabolites --- chronic renal failure --- antibiotic resistance --- Escherichia coli --- inflammatory markers --- urinary tract infection --- B2M --- cancer --- CCS --- CKD --- nephropathies --- renal toxicity --- voiding cystography --- infection --- urinary tract --- IgA nephropathy --- IgA vasculitis with nephritis --- vanin-1 --- biomarker --- urinary tract infections --- artificial intelligence --- machine learning --- medical decision support system --- n/a