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The complex relationship between masculinity and religion, as experienced in both the secular and ecclesiastical worlds, forms the focus for this volume, whose range encompasses the rabbis of the Babylonian and Palestinian Talmud, and moves via Carolingian and Norman France, Siena, Antioch, and high and late medieval England to the eve of the Reformation. Chapters investigate the creation and reconstitution of different expressions of masculine identity, from the clerical enthusiasts for marriage to the lay practitioners of chastity, from crusading bishops to holy kings. They also consider the extent to which lay and clerical understandings of masculinity existed in an unstable dialectical relationship, at times sharing similar features, at others pointedly different, co-opting and rejecting features of the other; the articles show this interplay to be more far more complicated than a simple linear narrative of either increasing divergence, or of clerical colonization of lay masculinity. They also challenge conventional historiographies of the adoption of clerical celibacy, of the decline of monasticism and the gendered nature of piety. Patricia Cullum is Head of History at the University of Huddersfield; Katherine J. Lewis is Senior Lecturer in History at the University of Huddersfield. Contributors: James G. Clark, P.H. Cullum, Kirsten A. Fenton, Joanna Huntington, Katherine J. Lewis, Matthew Mesley, Catherine Sanok, Michael L. Satlow, Rachel Stone, Jennifer D. Thibodeaux, Marita von Weissenberg

Clergy --- Masculinity --- Civilization, Medieval. --- Church history --- Clergé --- Masculinité --- Civilisation médiévale --- Eglise --- History --- Histoire --- Clergé --- Masculinité --- Civilisation médiévale --- History. --- Religious aspects --- Christianity --- Masculinity (Psychology) --- Sex (Psychology) --- Men --- Antioch. --- Babylonian. --- Carolingian. --- Chastity. --- Clerical Enthusiasts. --- Clerical celibacy. --- Crusading Bishops. --- Ecclesiastical world. --- Ecclesiastical. --- Gender roles. --- Gendered Nature of Piety. --- Historical analysis. --- Holy Kings. --- Masculine Identity. --- Masculine identity. --- Medieval England. --- Medieval society. --- Middle Ages. --- Monasticism. --- Norman France. --- Palestinian Talmud. --- Rabbis. --- Reformation. --- Religious Men. --- Religious institutions. --- Religious masculinity. --- Religious practices. --- Secular world. --- Secular. --- Siena.

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A legendary figure in his own lifetime, Rabbi Eliahu ben Shlomo Zalman (1720-1797) was known as the "Gaon of Vilna." He was the acknowledged master of Talmudic studies in the vibrant intellectual center of Vilna, revered throughout Eastern Europe for his learning and his ability to traverse with ease seemingly opposed domains of thought and activity. After his death, the myth that had been woven around him became even more powerful and was expressed in various public images. The formation of these images was influenced as much by the needs and wishes of those who clung to and depended on them as by the actual figure of the Gaon. In this penetrating study, Immanuel Etkes sheds light on aspects of the Vilna Gaon's "real" character and traces several public images of him as they have developed and spread from the early nineteenth century until the present.

Hasidism --- Rabbis --- Chasidism --- Hassidism --- Jewish sects --- Jewish rabbis --- Clergy --- Jewish scholars --- Judaism --- History --- Functionaries --- Elijah ben Solomon, --- Gra, --- Ha-Gra, --- Vilniaus Gaonas, --- Kremeris, Elijas Zalmanas, --- Elijah, --- Gera, --- ha-Gera, --- Elijah ben Solomon Zalman, --- Eliyahu, --- Elijah Gaon, --- Vilna Gaon, --- Gaon, Elijah, --- Wilner Gaon, --- Gaon of Vilna, --- Solomon, Elijah ben, --- Solomon Zalman, Elijah ben, --- Eliyahu ben Shelomoh, --- Shelomoh, Eliyahu ben, --- Eliyahu ben Shelomoh Zalman, --- Shelomoh Zalman, Eliyahu ben, --- Vilna, Gaon of, --- Wilna, Elijah of, --- Vilna, Elijah ben Solomon, --- Ṿilna, Eliyahu mi-, --- Kramer, Eliyahu, --- Eliohu, --- Wilner Goen, --- Gaʼon, --- אילהו בן שלמה, --- אךיהו גאון וחסיד מווילנא --- אלוהו בן שלמה, --- אליה בן שלמה --- אליה בן שלמה, --- אליהו בן סולומון --- אליהו בן סולומון, --- אליהו בן סלומון, --- אליהו בן שלומה, --- אליהו בן שלומו --- אליהו בן שלמה --- אליהו בן שלמה זלמן --- אליהו בן שלמה זלמן, --- אליהו בן שלמה, הגאון מווילנא, --- אליהו בן שלמה, --- אליהו בר שלמה --- אליהו חסידא מווילמא --- אליהו מווילנא --- אליהו מווילנא, --- אליהו מווילנה --- אליהו מוילנא --- אליהו מוילנה --- אליהוה בן שלמה, --- אליהו, --- אליוה, --- אלי׳ מווילנא, --- אלי׳, --- ברי״ף, שמואל, --- גאון מוילנה --- גאון, --- גרא, --- Influence. --- Vilnius (Lithuania) --- Wilno (Lithuania) --- Vilʹna (Lithuania) --- Vilʹnia (Lithuania) --- Вільня (Lithuania) --- Vilnius, Lithuanian S.S.R. --- Ṿilnah (Lithuania) --- Ṿilne (Lithuania) --- Vilʹno (Lithuania) --- Vilniaus miesto savivaldybė --- Vilnius City Municipality --- Vilna (Poland) --- authority. --- biography. --- disciples. --- divine. --- eastern europe. --- eliahu ben shlomo zalman. --- etkes. --- gain of vilna. --- jewish authors. --- jewish leaders. --- jewish life. --- jewish. --- jewry. --- judaica. --- judaism. --- kahal. --- medieval. --- nonfiction. --- rabbi scholar. --- rabbi. --- rabbinic studies. --- religion. --- religious belief. --- religious history. --- religious leaders. --- religious men. --- talmud. --- talmudic studies. --- torah. --- vilna.