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Sami (European people). --- Reindeer herding --- Reindeer farming --- Reindeer farming. --- Reindeer herding. --- Sami (European people). --- Sweden.

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Reindeer farming. --- Reindeer herding. --- Sami (European people). --- Sweden.

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Reindeer, Fossil. --- Reindeer herding. --- Herding --- Cervidae, Fossil --- Jagers. --- Rendieren. --- Paléolithique supérieur --- Ahrensburger Kultur. --- Mittelgebirge. --- Funde. --- Middelgebergten. --- Nordwesteuropa. --- Reindeer, Fossil --- Reindeer herding

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Inupiat --- Reindeer herding --- Domestic animals --- Hunting --- History. --- Bering Land Bridge National Preserve (Alaska)

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The findings presented in this volume represent a concerted effort to develop a more inclusive form of reindeer management for northernmost Europe. Our guiding principle has been to foster a new paradigm of participatory research. We wish to move beyond the historical reliance on western approaches to basic and applied science. These have been concerned prim- ily with interactions between herded animals and the various components of their biophysical environment, e. g. , plants, insects, predators, climate, and others. In our view,sociocultural and economic drivers,along with herders’ experience-based knowledge,gain equal currency in the effort to understand how management may mitigate against the negative aspects of the challenges modern herding faces, while also exploring concepts of sustainability from different perspectives (see also Jernsletten and Klokov 2002; Kankaanpää et al. 2002; Ulvevadet and Klokov 2004). This broadening of the pool of disciplines and local,national,and int- national stakeholders in policy-relevant research invariably complicates v- tually all aspects of the research process. Multidisciplinary or, in our sense, transdisciplinary approaches also require extraordinary effort from all p- ticipants if they are to succeed. As such, those approaches should not be undertaken lightly, nor without personnel who possess appropriate expe- ence in cooperating with those of different disciplines and, preferably, also with relevant practitioners and public social and administrative institutions. In such settings the potential for misunderstandings is quite high.

Reindeer herding -- Environmental aspects -- Europe, Northern. --- Reindeer herding -- Environmental aspects. --- Reindeer herding -- Europe, Northern. --- Animal Sciences --- Environmental Sciences --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Agriculture --- Issue --- Reindeer herding --- Environmental aspects --- Environment. --- Animal ecology. --- Plant ecology. --- Environmental management. --- Nature conservation. --- Soil science. --- Soil conservation. --- Sociology. --- Environmental Management. --- Animal Ecology. --- Sociology, general. --- Soil Science & Conservation. --- Nature Conservation. --- Plant Ecology. --- Herding --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Environmental sciences --- Management --- Botany --- Plants --- Ecology --- Conservation of nature --- Nature --- Nature protection --- Protection of nature --- Conservation of natural resources --- Applied ecology --- Conservation biology --- Endangered ecosystems --- Natural areas --- Conservation of soil --- Erosion control, Soil --- Soil erosion --- Soil erosion control --- Soils --- Agricultural conservation --- Soil management --- Animals --- Zoology --- Conservation --- Control --- Prevention --- Phytoecology --- Vegetation ecology --- Pedology (Soil science) --- Earth sciences --- Social theory --- Social sciences --- Floristic ecology