Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The Anglo-Saxon period was crucial in the development of England's character: its language, and much of its landscape and culture, were forged in the period between the fifth and the eleventh centuries. Historians and archaeologists have long been fascinated by its regional variations, by the way in which different parts of the country displayed marked differences in social structures, settlement patterns, and field systems. In this controversial and wide-ranging study, the author argues that such differences were largely a consequence of environmental factors: of the influence of climate, soils and hydrology, and of the patterns of contact and communication engendered by natural topography. He also suggests that such environmental influences have been neglected over recent decades by generations of scholars who are embedded in an urban culture and largely divorced from the natural world; and that an appreciation of the fundamental role of physical geography in shaping human affairs can throw much new light on a number of important debates about early medieval society. The book will be essential reading for all those interested in the character of the Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian settlements, in early medieval social and territorial organization, and in the origins of the England's medieval landscapes. Tom Williamson is Professor of Landscape History, University of East Anglia; he has written widely on landscape archaeology, agricultural history, and the history of landscape design.

Great Britain --- Grande-Bretagne --- History --- Historical geography. --- Histoire --- Géographie historique --- HISTORY / Medieval. --- Anglo-Saxon Period. --- Anglo-Saxon period. --- Early Medieval Society. --- Early medieval England. --- England. --- Field Systems. --- Geographical Features. --- Landscape. --- Natural Environment. --- Physical Geography. --- Regional Variations. --- Settlement Patterns. --- Social Structures. --- environment. --- field systems. --- geographical features. --- historical analysis. --- landscape. --- physical geography. --- settlement patterns. --- social structures. --- Land settlement --- Land tenure

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Three Worlds of Relief examines the role of race and immigration in the development of the American social welfare system by comparing how blacks, Mexicans, and European immigrants were treated by welfare policies during the Progressive Era and the New Deal. Taking readers from the turn of the twentieth century to the dark days of the Depression, Cybelle Fox finds that, despite rampant nativism, European immigrants received generous access to social welfare programs. The communities in which they lived invested heavily in relief. Social workers protected them from snooping immigration agents, and ensured that non-citizenship and illegal status did not prevent them from receiving the assistance they needed. But that same helping hand was not extended to Mexicans and blacks. Fox reveals, for example, how blacks were relegated to racist and degrading public assistance programs, while Mexicans who asked for assistance were deported with the help of the very social workers they turned to for aid. Drawing on a wealth of archival evidence, Fox paints a riveting portrait of how race, labor, and politics combined to create three starkly different worlds of relief. She debunks the myth that white America's immigrant ancestors pulled themselves up by their bootstraps, unlike immigrants and minorities today. Three Worlds of Relief challenges us to reconsider not only the historical record but also the implications of our past on contemporary debates about race, immigration, and the American welfare state.

Welfare state --- Immigrants --- State, Welfare --- Economic policy --- Public welfare --- Social policy --- State, The --- Welfare economics --- Emigrants --- Foreign-born population --- Foreign population --- Foreigners --- Migrants --- Persons --- Aliens --- History --- Government policy --- Social conditions --- United States --- Race relations --- Immigrants - United States - Social conditions - 20th century --- Immigrants - Government policy - United States - History - 20th century --- Welfare state - United States - History - 20th century --- United States - Race relations - History - 20th century --- Aid to Dependent Children. --- American social welfare. --- American taxpayers. --- American welfare state. --- Americanization. --- Civil Works Administration. --- Civilian Conservation Corps. --- European immigrants. --- Federal Emergency Relief Administration. --- Great Depression. --- Immigration Service. --- Mexican dependency. --- Mexican immigrants. --- Mexican non-citizens. --- New Deal. --- Old Age Assistance. --- Progressive Era. --- Public Works Administration. --- Social Security Act. --- Unemployment Insurance. --- Works Progress Administration. --- black immigrants. --- charity funds. --- citizenship restrictions. --- citizenship. --- dependent aliens. --- deportable aliens. --- deportation laws. --- discrimination. --- economic assimilation. --- economic burden. --- federal immigration. --- illegal aliens. --- immigration laws. --- immigration. --- labor market. --- labor. --- legal status restrictions. --- mass-removal programs. --- means-tested programs. --- national origin "as. --- nativism. --- naturalization. --- non-citizenship. --- northern relief system. --- political systems. --- politics. --- private donations. --- public funding. --- race. --- racial assimilation. --- racial discrimination. --- racial patterning. --- raids. --- regional political economies. --- regional variations. --- relief agencies. --- relief assistance. --- relief officials. --- relief policies. --- relief provision. --- relief services. --- relief systems. --- relief. --- repatriation programs. --- social burden. --- social citizenship. --- social insurance programs. --- social position. --- social welfare system. --- social welfare. --- social workers. --- socioeconomic mobility. --- southwestern relief system. --- welfare state development. --- welfare state. --- dependent noncitizens. --- noncitizens.