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This is a Special Issue (SI) of Hydrology. The title of the SI is “Advances in the Ecohydrology of Arid Lands”. Ecohydrology is an emerging, cross disciplinary subfield of hydrology devoted to the mutual interactions between water and ecosystems. Today, the important question of what these interactions mean for human society and how human society impacts these interactions is also part of this subject. The specific climatic/geographic focus here is on arid lands broadly defined as water-deficient regions where potential evapotranspiration (PET) exceeds precipitation (P). The intent of the SI is to present scientifically accurate information on the current state of leading ecohydrology oriented research on arid lands, representing the best contemporary thinking in the field. The five research articles presented by no means cover the field but provide an introduction to the variety of current research. The intended audience is not only those involved in this field but also those engaged in the more traditional aspects of hydrology, biology, ecology, geography, engineering, water management, agriculture urban planning, and other relevant fields.

reference evapotranspiration --- FAO56-PM --- alternative methods --- calibration/validation --- Senegal River basin --- hydrologic modeling --- SWAT --- climate change --- intermittent flow --- aquatic states --- TREHS tool --- CORDEX model --- IRES --- Tsiknias River --- semi-arid region --- dry tropical forest --- hydrologic processes --- drought --- West Africa --- ecohydrology --- data assimilation --- microwave remote sensing --- vegetation water content --- soil moisture --- locust plague --- high elevation wetlands --- plankton --- flamingos --- hydroclimatic patterns --- limnology --- Andean mountains --- n/a

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This is a Special Issue (SI) of Hydrology. The title of the SI is “Advances in the Ecohydrology of Arid Lands”. Ecohydrology is an emerging, cross disciplinary subfield of hydrology devoted to the mutual interactions between water and ecosystems. Today, the important question of what these interactions mean for human society and how human society impacts these interactions is also part of this subject. The specific climatic/geographic focus here is on arid lands broadly defined as water-deficient regions where potential evapotranspiration (PET) exceeds precipitation (P). The intent of the SI is to present scientifically accurate information on the current state of leading ecohydrology oriented research on arid lands, representing the best contemporary thinking in the field. The five research articles presented by no means cover the field but provide an introduction to the variety of current research. The intended audience is not only those involved in this field but also those engaged in the more traditional aspects of hydrology, biology, ecology, geography, engineering, water management, agriculture urban planning, and other relevant fields.

Research & information: general --- reference evapotranspiration --- FAO56-PM --- alternative methods --- calibration/validation --- Senegal River basin --- hydrologic modeling --- SWAT --- climate change --- intermittent flow --- aquatic states --- TREHS tool --- CORDEX model --- IRES --- Tsiknias River --- semi-arid region --- dry tropical forest --- hydrologic processes --- drought --- West Africa --- ecohydrology --- data assimilation --- microwave remote sensing --- vegetation water content --- soil moisture --- locust plague --- high elevation wetlands --- plankton --- flamingos --- hydroclimatic patterns --- limnology --- Andean mountains --- n/a

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This Special Issue of Atmosphere focuses on hydrometeorological extremes and their local impacts on human–environment systems. Particularly, we accepted submissions on the topics of observational and model-based studies that could provide useful information for infrastructure design, decision making, and policy making to achieve our goals of enhancing the resilience of human–environment systems to climate change and increased variability.

flood risk --- urban flood forecasting and warning --- inland-river combined flood system --- LSTM --- artificial neural network --- neurons --- layers --- temperature --- South Korea --- deep learning --- reference evapotranspiration --- climate change --- drought --- meteorological extremes --- climatic variables --- wind speed --- extreme El Niño event --- tropical cyclone --- tropical cyclone-induced precipitation --- China --- Bayesian approach --- nonstationarity --- reanalysis products --- quantile delta mapping --- ranges of flood sizes --- specific flood distributions --- ungauged watersheds --- influence of rainfall characteristics --- depth-averaged temperature --- decision tree --- lifetime maximum intensity --- climate variability --- seasonality --- dengue fever --- vector --- rainfall --- Bangladesh --- copula function --- drought duration --- drought severity --- land-ocean temperature contrast/meridional temperature gradient --- standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index

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The importance of evapotranspiration is well-established in different disciplines such as hydrology, agronomy, climatology, and other geosciences. Reliable estimates of evapotranspiration are also vital to develop criteria for in-season irrigation management, water resource allocation, long-term estimates of water supply, demand and use, design and management of water resources infrastructure, and evaluation of the effect of land use and management changes on the water balance. The objective of this Special Issue is to define and discuss several ET terms, including potential, reference, and actual (crop) ET, and present a wide spectrum of innovative research papers and case studies.

evapotranspiration --- machine learning --- local --- spatial --- subhumid climate --- agricultural drought --- drought characteristics --- evapotranspiration deficit index --- parameter sensitivity --- temporal scale sensitivity --- water stress anomaly --- interception --- linear storage model --- evaporation --- cover crop --- water balance --- faba bean --- GK2A/AMI --- artificial neural network --- Korean Peninsula --- CWSI --- UAV --- remote sensing --- micrometeorological data --- spatial IRT measurements --- crop irrigation scheduling and management --- infrared radiometer sensors --- real-time data analysis --- water reservoir --- regression --- observed data --- ERA5-Land data --- R language --- precipitation --- drought --- Mann–Kendall --- trend analysis --- actual evapotranspiration --- potential evapotranspiration --- reference evapotranspiration --- evaporation paradox --- global dimming --- wind stilling --- forest fires --- groundwater --- stochastic simulation --- marginal structure --- long-range dependence --- Hurst–Kolmogorov dynamics --- RASPOTION --- parametric model --- hydrological calibration --- evapotranspiration estimation --- urban rain gardens --- lysimeters --- evapotranspiration models --- n/a --- Mann-Kendall --- Hurst-Kolmogorov dynamics

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Remote image capture systems are a key element in efficient and sustainable agriculture nowadays. They are increasingly being used to obtain information of interest from the crops, the soil and the environment. It includes different types of capturing devices: from satellites and drones, to in-field devices; different types of spectral information, from visible RGB images, to multispectral images; different types of applications; and different types of techniques in the areas of image processing, computer vision, pattern recognition and machine learning. This book covers all these aspects, through a series of chapters that describe specific recent applications of these techniques in interesting problems of agricultural engineering.

History of engineering & technology --- SVM --- budding rate --- UAV --- geometric consistency --- radiometric consistency --- point clouds --- ICP --- reflectance maps --- vegetation indices --- Parrot Sequoia --- artificial intelligence --- precision agriculture --- agricultural robot --- optimization algorithm --- online operation --- segmentation --- coffee leaf rust --- machine learning --- deep learning --- remote sensing --- Fourth Industrial Revolution --- Agriculture 4.0 --- failure strain --- sandstone --- digital image correlation --- Hill–Tsai failure criterion --- finite element method --- reference evapotranspiration --- moisture sensors --- machine learning regression --- frequency-domain reflectometry --- randomizable filtered classifier --- convolutional neural network --- U-Net --- land use --- banana plantation --- Panama TR4 --- aerial photography --- remote images --- systematic mapping study --- agriculture --- applications --- total leaf area --- mixed pixels --- Cabernet Sauvignon --- NDVI --- Normalized Difference Vegetation Index --- precision viticulture --- 3D model --- spatial vision --- fertirrigation --- teaching–learning --- spectrometry --- Sentinel-2 --- pasture quality index --- normalized difference vegetation index --- normalized difference water index --- supplementation --- decision making --- digital agriculture --- grape yield estimate --- berries counting --- Dilated CNN --- machine learning algorithms --- classification performance --- winter wheat mapping --- large-scale --- water stress --- Prunus avium L. --- stem water potential --- low-cost thermography --- thermal indexes --- canopy temperature --- non-water-stressed baselines --- non-transpiration baseline --- soil moisture --- andosols --- image processing --- greenhouse --- automatic tomato harvesting --- n/a --- Hill-Tsai failure criterion --- teaching-learning