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This book, “Clay Mineral Transformations after Bentonite/Clayrocks and Heater/Water Interactions from Lab and Large-Scale Tests”, covers a broad range of relevant and interesting topics related to deep geological disposal of nuclear fuels and radioactive waste. Most countries that generate nuclear power have developed radioactive waste management programmes during the last 50 years to emplace long-lived and/or high-level radioactive wastes in a deep underground repository in a suitably chosen host rock formation. The aim is to remove these wastes from the human environment. If a site is properly chosen, a repository system comprising both natural and engineered barriers would provide a high level of protection from the toxic effects of the waste.The 17 papers published in this Special Issue show that bentonites and clayrocks are an essential component of the multi-barrier system ensuring the long-term safety of the final disposal of nuclear waste. The efficiency of such engineered and natural clay barriers relies on their physical and chemical confinement properties, which should be preserved in the long-term.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- calcium bentonite --- gel --- swelling --- water uptake --- ESEM --- EDXA --- surface area --- XRD --- radioactive waste disposal --- cement–clay interaction --- bentonite --- cementitious materials --- alteration --- alkaline conditions --- radioactive waste --- cement-clay interaction --- OPC --- LAC --- alkaline leachate --- cement—clay interaction --- diffusion --- dual porosity --- electrostatic effects --- reactive transport modelling --- near field --- radioactive waste repository --- low-pH cement --- technical barrier --- Äspö --- ABM-test --- smectite alteration --- swelling pressure --- permeability --- hydraulic gradient --- engineered barriers --- geological repository --- selenium reduction --- sorption --- Opalinus Clay --- in situ --- batch tests --- smectite --- crystal structure --- water in the smectite interlayer --- mineralogical changes --- thermal treatment --- BET --- swell index --- liquid limit --- water retention curves --- iron --- in situ experiment --- interface --- layer charge --- metal substitution --- SEM–EDS --- microbial diversity --- organic supplements --- magnesium bentonite --- thermal loading --- montmorillonite content --- thermal analysis with evolved gas analysis --- cation exchange capacity --- specific surface area --- saturated hydraulic conductivity --- microbial survivability --- HLRW --- ABM test --- SEM-EDX --- repository --- high temperatures --- ordinary Portland cement --- mudstone --- sequential flow experiment --- reactive-transport modelling --- anion distribution --- CEC --- exchangeable cations --- hydration --- MiniSandwich --- sandwich sealing system --- solute transport --- waste repositories --- water content --- Milos --- interlayers --- iron–bentonite interaction --- reactive transport --- numerical model --- bentonites --- smectites --- pore water chemistry --- mineralogy --- cation exchange --- ABM experiment --- large-scale tests --- n/a --- Äspö --- SEM-EDS --- iron-bentonite interaction

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This book, “Clay Mineral Transformations after Bentonite/Clayrocks and Heater/Water Interactions from Lab and Large-Scale Tests”, covers a broad range of relevant and interesting topics related to deep geological disposal of nuclear fuels and radioactive waste. Most countries that generate nuclear power have developed radioactive waste management programmes during the last 50 years to emplace long-lived and/or high-level radioactive wastes in a deep underground repository in a suitably chosen host rock formation. The aim is to remove these wastes from the human environment. If a site is properly chosen, a repository system comprising both natural and engineered barriers would provide a high level of protection from the toxic effects of the waste.The 17 papers published in this Special Issue show that bentonites and clayrocks are an essential component of the multi-barrier system ensuring the long-term safety of the final disposal of nuclear waste. The efficiency of such engineered and natural clay barriers relies on their physical and chemical confinement properties, which should be preserved in the long-term.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- calcium bentonite --- gel --- swelling --- water uptake --- ESEM --- EDXA --- surface area --- XRD --- radioactive waste disposal --- cement-clay interaction --- bentonite --- cementitious materials --- alteration --- alkaline conditions --- radioactive waste --- OPC --- LAC --- alkaline leachate --- diffusion --- dual porosity --- electrostatic effects --- reactive transport modelling --- near field --- radioactive waste repository --- low-pH cement --- technical barrier --- Äspö --- ABM-test --- smectite alteration --- swelling pressure --- permeability --- hydraulic gradient --- engineered barriers --- geological repository --- selenium reduction --- sorption --- Opalinus Clay --- in situ --- batch tests --- smectite --- crystal structure --- water in the smectite interlayer --- mineralogical changes --- thermal treatment --- BET --- swell index --- liquid limit --- water retention curves --- iron --- in situ experiment --- interface --- layer charge --- metal substitution --- SEM-EDS --- microbial diversity --- organic supplements --- magnesium bentonite --- thermal loading --- montmorillonite content --- thermal analysis with evolved gas analysis --- cation exchange capacity --- specific surface area --- saturated hydraulic conductivity --- microbial survivability --- HLRW --- ABM test --- SEM-EDX --- repository --- high temperatures --- ordinary Portland cement --- mudstone --- sequential flow experiment --- reactive-transport modelling --- anion distribution --- CEC --- exchangeable cations --- hydration --- MiniSandwich --- sandwich sealing system --- solute transport --- waste repositories --- water content --- Milos --- interlayers --- iron-bentonite interaction --- reactive transport --- numerical model --- bentonites --- smectites --- pore water chemistry --- mineralogy --- cation exchange --- ABM experiment --- large-scale tests

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The rapid increasing of concentrations of anthropologically generated greenhouse gases (primarily CO2) in the atmosphere is responsible for global warming and ocean acidification. The International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) indicates that carbon capture and storage (CCS) techniques are a necessary measure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the short-to-medium term. One of the technological solutions is the long-term storage of CO2 in appropriate geological formations, such as deep saline formations and depleted oil and gas reservoirs. Promising alternative options that guarantee the permanent capture of CO2, although on a smaller scale, are the in-situ and ex-situ fixation of CO2 in the form of inorganic carbonates via the carbonation of mafic and ultramafic rocks and of Mg/Ca-rich fly ash, iron and steel slags, cement waste, and mine tailings. According to this general framework, this Special Issue collects articles covering various aspects of recent scientific advances in the geological and mineralogical sequestration of CO2. In particular, it includes the assessment of the storage potential of candidate injection sites in Croatia, Greece, and Norway; numerical modelling of geochemical–mineralogical reactions and CO2 flow; studies of natural analogues providing information on the processes and the physical–chemical conditions characterizing serpentinite carbonation; and experimental investigations to better understand the effectiveness and mechanisms of geological and mineralogical CO2 sequestration.

Research & information: general --- Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning --- CO2 reservoir rock --- CO2 sealing capacity --- CO2 sequestration --- CO2 storage capacity --- CO2 storage ratio --- supercritical CO2 --- CO2 geological storage --- depleted gas fields --- deep saline aquifers --- Adriatic offshore --- Croatia --- CO2 geological sequestration --- unconsolidated sediments --- gas hydrates --- suitable methodology for mineral carbonation --- construction and demolition waste --- basalts --- carbonation --- CO2 storage --- hydrochemistry --- regional heat flow --- CO2 leakage --- cement --- well integrity --- leakage remediation --- TOUGHREACT --- reactive transport modelling --- CCS --- mineralization --- carbonatization --- mineral trapping --- mineral sequestration --- Johansen Formation --- North Sea --- sedimentary facies --- serpentinite --- X-ray diffraction --- rietveld refinement --- magnesium leaching --- thermal activation --- meta-serpentine --- heat activation optimization --- CO2 mineral sequestration --- hydromagnesite --- kerolite --- Cu mine --- Montecastelli --- underground microclimate --- replacement process --- low temperature carbonate precipitation --- Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer --- seawater influx --- hydrothermal circulation --- ophicalcite