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Photovoltaic solar energy technology (PV) has been developing rapidly in the past decades, leading to a multi-billion-dollar global market. It is of paramount importance that PV systems function properly, which requires the generation of expected energy both for small-scale systems that consist of a few solar modules and for very large-scale systems containing millions of modules. This book increases the understanding of the issues relevant to PV system design and correlated performance; moreover, it contains research from scholars across the globe in the fields of data analysis and data mapping for the optimal performance of PV systems, faults analysis, various causes for energy loss, and design and integration issues. The chapters in this book demonstrate the importance of designing and properly monitoring photovoltaic systems in the field in order to ensure continued good performance.

fault diagnosis --- modeling --- simulation --- fault tree analysis --- photovoltaic system --- Bartlett’s test --- metaheuristic --- population density --- spatial analyses --- AC parameters --- parameter estimation --- fiber reinforced polymeric plastic (FRP) --- Hartigan’s dip test --- energy --- image processing --- real data --- photovoltaic (PV) systems monitoring --- forecast --- photovoltaic plants --- system --- graphical malfunction detection --- defects --- STATCOM --- photo-generated current --- performance analysis --- photovoltaic module performance --- solar energy --- urban context --- thermal interaction --- underdamped oscillation --- reliability --- membership algorithm --- photovoltaic systems --- availability --- fuzzy logic controller --- ANOVA --- solar farm --- energy yield --- cluster analysis --- photovoltaics --- annual yield --- residential buildings --- PV array --- PV system --- dc-dc converter --- quasi-opposition based learning --- grid-connected --- performance ratio --- organic soiling --- vegetated/green roof --- conventional roof membrane --- UV-fluorescence imaging --- PV thermal performance --- PV systems --- failure mode and effect analysis --- ageing and degradation of PV-modules --- sheet molding compound FRP --- Jarque-Bera’s test --- Tukey’s test --- technical costs --- Kruskal-Wallis’ test --- improved cuckoo search algorithm --- PV energy performance --- pultruded FRP --- cracks --- maximum power point tracking (MPPT) --- structural design --- software development --- floating PV generation structure --- malfunction detection --- modules --- photovoltaic performance --- maximum power point --- GIS --- impedance spectroscopy --- floating PV systems (FPV) --- solar cells --- Renewable Energy --- loss analysis --- shade resilience --- Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) --- failure detection --- optimization problem --- failure rates --- FCM algorithm --- stability analysis --- reactive power support --- mooring system --- buck converter --- Mood’s Median test --- photovoltaic modeling --- module architecture --- PV module --- data analysis --- partial shading --- opposition-based learning --- silicon --- floating PV module (FPVM) --- electroluminescence --- urban compactness

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Modern power and energy systems are characterized by the wide integration of distributed generation, storage and electric vehicles, adoption of ICT solutions, and interconnection of different energy carriers and consumer engagement, posing new challenges and creating new opportunities. Advanced testing and validation methods are needed to efficiently validate power equipment and controls in the contemporary complex environment and support the transition to a cleaner and sustainable energy system. Real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation has proven to be an effective method for validating and de-risking power system equipment in highly realistic, flexible, and repeatable conditions. Controller hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) and power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) are the two main HIL simulation methods used in industry and academia that contribute to system-level testing enhancement by exploiting the flexibility of digital simulations in testing actual controllers and power equipment. This book addresses recent advances in real-time HIL simulation in several domains (also in new and promising areas), including technique improvements to promote its wider use. It is composed of 14 papers dealing with advances in HIL testing of power electronic converters, power system protection, modeling for real-time digital simulation, co-simulation, geographically distributed HIL, and multiphysics HIL, among other topics.

design methodology --- FPGA --- hardware in the loop --- LabVIEW --- real-time simulation --- power converters --- HIL --- CHIL --- integrated laboratories --- real-time communication platform --- power system testing --- co-simulation --- geographically distributed simulations --- power system protection and control --- holistic testing --- lab testing --- field testing --- PHIL --- PSIL --- pre-certification --- smart grids --- standards --- replica controller --- TCSC --- DPT --- testing --- control and protection --- large-scale power system --- voltage regulation --- distribution system --- power hardware-in-the-loop --- distributed energy resources --- extremum seeking control --- particle swarm optimization --- state estimation --- reactive power support --- volt–VAR --- model-based design --- multi physics simulation --- marine propulsion --- ship dynamic --- DC microgrid --- shipboard power systems --- under-frequency load shedding --- intelligent electronic device --- proof of concept --- hardware-in-the-loop testing --- real-time digital simulator --- frequency stability margin --- rate-of-change-of-frequency --- geographically distributed real-time simulation --- remote power hardware-in-the-Loop --- grid-forming converter --- hardware-in-the-loop --- simulation fidelity --- energy-based metric --- energy residual --- quasi-stationary --- Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) --- Control HIL (CHIL) --- Power HIL (PHIL) --- testing of smart grid technologies --- power electronics --- shifted frequency analysis --- dynamic phasors --- real-time hybrid-simulator (RTHS) --- hybrid simulation --- hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) --- dynamic performance test (DPT) --- real-time simulator (RTS) --- testing of replicas --- multi-rate simulation --- EMT --- control --- inverters --- inverter-dominated grids --- power system transients --- predictive control --- hydro-electric plant --- variable speed operation --- ‘Hill Charts’ --- reduced-scale model --- testing and validation