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One remarkable ability of the human brain is to process large amounts of information about our surroundings to allow us to interact effectively with them. In everyday life, the most common way to interact with objects is by reaching, grasping, lifting and manipulating them. Although these may sound like simple tasks, the perceptual properties of the target object, such as its location, size, shape, and orientation all need to be processed in order to set the movement parameters that allow an accurate reach-to-grasp-to lift movement. Several brain areas work in concert to process this outstanding amount of visual information and drive the execution of a motor plan in just a few hundred milliseconds. How are these processes orchestrated? In developing this type of comprehensive knowledge about the interactions between objects perception and goal-directed actions, we have a window into the mechanisms underlying the functioning of the visuo-motor system. With this research topic we aim to further understand the neural mechanisms that mediate our interactions with the world. Therefore, we particularly encourage submission of papers that attempt to relate such findings to real-world situations by investigating behavioural and neural correlates of information processing related to eye-hand coordination and visually-guided actions, including reaching, grasping, and lifting movements. This topic welcomes submissions of original research using any relevant techniques and methods, from behavioural kinematics/kinetics, to neuroimaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), as well as neuropsychological studies.One remarkable ability of the human brain is to process large amounts of information about our surroundings to allow us to interact effectively with them. In everyday life, the most common way to interact with objects is by reaching, grasping, lifting and manipulating them. Although these may sound like simple tasks, the perceptual properties of the target object, such as its location, size, shape, and orientation all need to be processed in order to set the movement parameters that allow an accurate reach-to-grasp-to lift movement. Several brain areas work in concert to process this outstanding amount of visual information and drive the execution of a motor plan in just a few hundred milliseconds. How are these processes orchestrated? In developing this type of comprehensive knowledge about the interactions between objects perception and goal-directed actions, we have a window into the mechanisms underlying the functioning of the visuo-motor system. With this research topic we aim to further understand the neural mechanisms that mediate our interactions with the world. Therefore, we particularly encourage submission of papers that attempt to relate such findings to real-world situations by investigating behavioural and neural correlates of information processing related to eye-hand coordination and visually-guided actions, including reaching, grasping, and lifting movements. This topic welcomes submissions of original research using any relevant techniques and methods, from behavioural kinematics/kinetics, to neuroimaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), as well as neuropsychological studies.

perception and action --- grasping --- Proprioception --- Vision --- reaching --- somatosensory processing --- eye-hand coordination --- motor control

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Since the discovery of mirror neurons, the study of human infant goal-directed actions and object manipulation has burgeoned into new and exciting research directions. A number of infant studies have begun emphasizing the social context of action to understand what infants can infer when looking at others performing goal-directed actions or manipulating objects. Others have begun addressing how looking at actions in a social context, or even simply looking at objects in the immediate environment influence the way infants learn to direct their own actions on objects. Researchers have even begun investigating what aspects of goal-directed actions and object manipulation infants imitate when such actions are being modeled by a social partner, or they have been asking which cues infants use to predict others' actions. A growing understanding of how infants learn to reach, perceive information for reaching, and attend social cues for action has become central to many recent studies. These new lines of investigation and others have benefited from the use of a broad range of new investigative techniques. Eye-tracking, brains imaging techniques and new methodologies have been used to scrutinize how infants look, process, and use information to act themselves on objects and/or the social world, and to infer, predict, and recognize goal-directed actions outcomes from others. This Frontiers Research topic brings together empirical reports, literature reviews, and theory and hypothesis papers that tap into some of these exciting developmental questions about how infants perceive, understand, and perform goal-directed actions broadly defined. The papers included either stress the neural, motor, or perceptual aspects of infants’ behavior, or any combination of those dimensions as related to the development of early cognitive understanding and performance of goal-directed actions.

motor development --- Infancy --- action understanding --- motor experience --- motor learning --- social cognition --- goal-directed actions --- action anticipation --- reaching --- action consequences --- motor development --- Infancy --- action understanding --- motor experience --- motor learning --- social cognition --- goal-directed actions --- action anticipation --- reaching --- action consequences

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Since the discovery of mirror neurons, the study of human infant goal-directed actions and object manipulation has burgeoned into new and exciting research directions. A number of infant studies have begun emphasizing the social context of action to understand what infants can infer when looking at others performing goal-directed actions or manipulating objects. Others have begun addressing how looking at actions in a social context, or even simply looking at objects in the immediate environment influence the way infants learn to direct their own actions on objects. Researchers have even begun investigating what aspects of goal-directed actions and object manipulation infants imitate when such actions are being modeled by a social partner, or they have been asking which cues infants use to predict others' actions. A growing understanding of how infants learn to reach, perceive information for reaching, and attend social cues for action has become central to many recent studies. These new lines of investigation and others have benefited from the use of a broad range of new investigative techniques. Eye-tracking, brains imaging techniques and new methodologies have been used to scrutinize how infants look, process, and use information to act themselves on objects and/or the social world, and to infer, predict, and recognize goal-directed actions outcomes from others. This Frontiers Research topic brings together empirical reports, literature reviews, and theory and hypothesis papers that tap into some of these exciting developmental questions about how infants perceive, understand, and perform goal-directed actions broadly defined. The papers included either stress the neural, motor, or perceptual aspects of infants’ behavior, or any combination of those dimensions as related to the development of early cognitive understanding and performance of goal-directed actions.

motor development --- Infancy --- action understanding --- motor experience --- motor learning --- social cognition --- goal-directed actions --- action anticipation --- reaching --- action consequences

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Documents Annex: http://www.nyupress.org/justtradeannex/index.htmlWhile modern trade law and human rights law constitute two of the most active spheres in international law, follow similar intellectual trajectories, and often feature the same key actors and arenas, neither field has actively engaged with the other. They co-exist in relative isolation at best, peppered by occasional hostile debates. It has come to be a given that pro-trade laws are not good for human rights, and legislation that protects human rights hampers vibrant international trade.In a bold departure from this canon, Just Trade makes a case for reaching a middle-ground between these two fields, acknowledging their co-existence and the significant points at which they overlap. Using examples from many of the 35 nations of the Western Hemisphere, Berta Esperanza Hernández-Truyol and Stephen J. Powell combine their expertise to examine human rights policies involving conscripted child labor, sustainable development, promotion of health, equality of women, human trafficking, indigenous peoples, poverty, citizenship, and economic sanctions, never overlooking the very real human rights problems that arise from international trade. However, instead of viewing the two kinds of law as polar and sometimes hostile opposites, the authors make powerful suggestions for how these intersections may be navigated to promote an international marketplace that embraces both liberal trade and liberal protection of human rights.

International trade --- Foreign trade regulation --- Human rights --- Export and import controls --- Foreign trade control --- Import and export controls --- International trade control --- International trade regulation --- Prohibited exports and imports --- Trade regulation --- Basic rights --- Civil rights (International law) --- Rights, Human --- Rights of man --- Human security --- Transitional justice --- Truth commissions --- Social aspects. --- Political aspects. --- Economic aspects. --- Law and legislation --- acknowledging. --- between. --- case. --- co-existence. --- human. --- international. --- makes. --- middle-ground. --- overlap. --- points. --- reaching. --- rights. --- significant. --- their. --- they. --- trade. --- which.

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Many sensors are currently available at prices lower than USD 100 and cover a wide range of biological signals: motion, muscle activity, heart rate, etc. Such low-cost sensors have metrological features allowing them to be used in everyday life and clinical applications, where gold-standard material is both too expensive and time-consuming to be used. The selected papers present current applications of low-cost sensors in domains such as physiotherapy, rehabilitation, and affective technologies. The results cover various aspects of low-cost sensor technology from hardware design to software optimization.

Technology: general issues --- inertial sensor --- gait --- validity --- functional calibration --- accuracy --- wearable electronic devices --- kinematics --- head rotation --- ecological research --- gait analysis --- characterization --- smart insole --- vertical ground reaction forces --- force sensitive resistors --- piezoelectric sensors --- sensor calibration --- heart rate --- photoplethysmography --- PPG --- time-domain --- wearable device --- concurrent validity --- outcome assessment --- feasibility --- rehabilitation --- data fusion --- MARG --- IMU --- eye tracker --- self-contained --- head motion measurement --- motor variability --- actigraphy --- triaxial accelerometers --- jumping --- human-computer interaction --- affective technologies --- interaction design --- biosensing --- actuation --- somaesthetics --- design toolkits --- serious videogames --- motion capture --- upper limbs --- physical rehabilitation --- telerehabilitation --- inertial sensors --- inertial measurement unit (IMU) --- state of the art --- inertial sensor measurement systems --- motion accuracy --- Baduanjin --- physical education --- physiotherapy --- e-health --- motion sensing --- wireless charging --- wireless connectivity --- low power --- trunk --- upper extremity --- compensation --- reaching --- Kinect --- video motion capture --- reliability --- inertial sensor --- gait --- validity --- functional calibration --- accuracy --- wearable electronic devices --- kinematics --- head rotation --- ecological research --- gait analysis --- characterization --- smart insole --- vertical ground reaction forces --- force sensitive resistors --- piezoelectric sensors --- sensor calibration --- heart rate --- photoplethysmography --- PPG --- time-domain --- wearable device --- concurrent validity --- outcome assessment --- feasibility --- rehabilitation --- data fusion --- MARG --- IMU --- eye tracker --- self-contained --- head motion measurement --- motor variability --- actigraphy --- triaxial accelerometers --- jumping --- human-computer interaction --- affective technologies --- interaction design --- biosensing --- actuation --- somaesthetics --- design toolkits --- serious videogames --- motion capture --- upper limbs --- physical rehabilitation --- telerehabilitation --- inertial sensors --- inertial measurement unit (IMU) --- state of the art --- inertial sensor measurement systems --- motion accuracy --- Baduanjin --- physical education --- physiotherapy --- e-health --- motion sensing --- wireless charging --- wireless connectivity --- low power --- trunk --- upper extremity --- compensation --- reaching --- Kinect --- video motion capture --- reliability