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Despite the efficiency of current cancer treatments, cancer is still a deadly disease for too many. In 2008, 7.6 million people died of cancer; with the current development, it is estimated that the annual cancer death number will grow to 13 million by 2030. There is clearly a need for not only more research but also more innovative and out of the mainstream scientific ideas to discover and develop even better cancer treatments. This book presents the collective works published in the recent Special Issue entitled “Killing Cancer: Discovery and Selection of New Target Molecules”. These articles comprise a selection of studies, ideas, and opinions that aim to facilitate knowledge, thoughts, and discussion about which biological and molecular mechanisms in cancer we should target and how we should target them.

ferlin --- myoferlin --- dysferlin --- otoferlin --- C2 domain --- plasma membrane --- sulconazole --- NF-κB --- IL-8 --- mammosphere --- breast cancer stem cells --- AF1Q --- MLLT11 --- WNT --- STAT --- esophageal cancer --- prognosis --- mTORC1 --- mTORC2 --- metabolism --- rapalogs --- mTOR inhibitors --- cancer metabolism --- mTOR in immunotherapy --- nutrient metabolism --- kinase inhibitors --- mTOR signaling --- MAPK kinase --- ERK1 --- ERK2 --- CD domain --- Rolled --- SCH772984 --- VRT-11E --- sevenmaker --- cancer therapy --- EMT --- lysosome --- lysosome-mediated invasion --- MZF1 --- phosphorylation --- PAK4 --- SUMOylation --- transcription factor --- zinc finger --- glucocorticoids --- 3D growth --- nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells (NF-κB) --- epithelial–mesenchymal transition --- anoikis --- proliferation --- targeted cancer therapy --- disulfiram --- NPL4 --- replication stress --- DNA damage --- BRCA1 --- BRCA2 --- ATR pathway --- PDAC --- TCIRG1 --- ATP6V0a3 --- invasion --- migration --- matrix degradation --- pH-regulation --- autophagy --- multidrug resistance in cancer --- drug efflux pumps --- ATP-binding cassette transporter --- breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) --- ABCG2 --- pyrazolo-pyrimidine derivative --- SCO-201 --- colorectal cancer --- immunotherapy --- inflammation --- microsatellite instability --- oncofetal chondroitin sulfate --- chondroitin sulfate --- cancer --- solid tumors --- target --- pediatric cancer --- VAR2 --- dexamethasone --- thyroid cancer --- microgravity --- space environment --- n/a --- epithelial-mesenchymal transition

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The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a major signaling intermediary that coordinates favorable environmental conditions with cell growth. Indeed, as part of two functionally distinct protein complexes, named mTORC1 and mTORC2, mTOR regulates a variety of cellular processes, including protein, lipid, and nucleotide synthesis, as well as autophagy. Over the last two decades, major molecular advances have been made in mTOR signaling and have revealed the complexity of the events implicated in mTOR function and regulation. In parallel, the role of mTOR in diverse pathological conditions has also been identified, including in cancer, hamartoma, neurological, and metabolic diseases. Through a series of articles, this book focuses on the role played by mTOR in cellular processes, metabolism in particular, and highlights a panel of human diseases for which mTOR inhibition provides or might provide benefits. It also addresses future studies needed to further characterize the role of mTOR in selected disorders, which will help design novel therapeutic approaches. It is therefore intended for everyone who has an interest in mTOR biology and its application in human pathologies.

n/a --- primary cilia --- neurodegeneration --- nutrient sensor --- PI3K --- transcriptomics --- phosphorylation --- metabolic reprogramming --- autophagy --- Alzheimer’s disease --- rapalogs --- liver --- angiogenesis --- mTOR complex --- MBSCs --- advanced biliary tract cancers --- Medulloblastoma --- epithelial to mesenchymal transition --- AMPK --- p70S6K --- lipid metabolism --- thyroid cancer --- sodium iodide symporter (NIS)/SLC5A5 --- male fertility --- anesthesia --- illumina --- mTOR inhibitor --- miRNA --- Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) --- eIFs --- Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) --- glucose --- AKT --- oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) --- glucose and lipid metabolism --- cellular signaling --- aging --- tumor microenvironment --- rapamycin --- leukemia --- chloral hydrate --- rapalogues --- schizophrenia --- T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia --- senescence --- lamin A/C --- neurotoxicity --- neurodevelopment --- inhibitor --- methamphetamine --- pulmonary fibrosis --- mTOR --- mTOR inhibitors --- combination therapy --- proteolysis --- fluid shear stress --- tumour cachexia --- biomarkers --- synapse --- gluconeogenesis --- mTOR signal pathway --- Sertoli cells --- immunosenescence --- miRNome --- protein aggregation --- senolytics --- metabolism --- NGS --- mTORC2 --- mTORC1 --- metabolic diseases --- IonTorrent --- apoptosis --- dopamine receptor --- nocodazole --- microenvironment --- everolimus --- acute myeloid leukemia --- immunotherapy --- spermatogenesis --- bone remodeling --- signalling --- targeted therapy --- ageing --- therapy --- NVP-BEZ235 --- fructose --- physical activity --- laminopathies --- MC3T3-E1 cells --- cell signaling --- microRNA --- cancer --- lipolysis --- melatonin --- Parkinson’s disease --- Alzheimer's disease --- Parkinson's disease