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GNSS is often inaccurate and satellite signals are not always available, which results in ambiguous situations. In order to reduce their negative effects on train-borne localization, this work proposes an approach for the detection of tracks, turnouts, and branching directions solely from 2d lidar sensor measurements. The experimental evaluation shows highly correct and complete results. In summary, these detections are sufficient to reduce ambiguity problems in train-borne localization.

lidar-basierte Eisenbahn-Infrastruktur-Detektion (Schienen --- Gleise --- lidar based railway infrastructure detection (rails --- bordautonome Lokalisierung --- Topologie- und Befahrrichtungserkennung --- determination of topology and branching direction --- train-borne localization --- Weichen) --- turnouts) --- tracks

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The Life cycle cost (LCC) method makes it possible for the whole life performance of buildings and other structures to be optimized. The introduction of the idea of thinking in terms of a building life cycle resulted in the need to use appropriate tools and techniques for assessing and analyzing costs throughout the life cycle of the building. Traditionally, estimates of LCC have been calculated based on historical analysis of data and have used deterministic models. The concepts of probability theory can also be applied to life cycle costing, treating the costs and timings as a stochastic process. If any subjectivity is introduced into the estimates, then the uncertainty cannot be handled using the probability theory alone. The theory of fuzzy sets is a valuable tool for handling such uncertainties. In this Special Issue, a collection of 11 contributions provide an updated overview of the approaches for estimating the life cycle cost of buildings.

Technology: general issues --- dynamic analysis --- steel frames --- Tuned Mass Damper --- optimization --- drift ratio --- sustainable construction industry --- lifecycles --- European Union Member States --- complex evaluation --- multiple criteria analysis --- COPRAS and INVAR methods --- success and image of a country --- marketing --- residential buildings --- defects --- intensity --- reliability --- technical wear --- railway infrastructure --- occurrences --- socioeconomic impact --- economic evaluation --- CBA --- life cycle --- investment project --- probability distribution --- sensitivity analyses --- risk assessment --- tenement houses --- damage --- maintenance --- fuzzy sets --- Bayes conditional probability --- substitution --- operation and maintenance phase --- cause–effect relationships --- historical buildings --- implementation factors --- information and communication technology --- life cycle costs --- buildings --- bidding decision --- LCC criterion --- price criterion --- construction --- statistical method --- classification --- probability of winning --- risk identification --- MCDM --- critical risk factors --- commercial and recreational complex building projects --- dynamic analysis --- steel frames --- Tuned Mass Damper --- optimization --- drift ratio --- sustainable construction industry --- lifecycles --- European Union Member States --- complex evaluation --- multiple criteria analysis --- COPRAS and INVAR methods --- success and image of a country --- marketing --- residential buildings --- defects --- intensity --- reliability --- technical wear --- railway infrastructure --- occurrences --- socioeconomic impact --- economic evaluation --- CBA --- life cycle --- investment project --- probability distribution --- sensitivity analyses --- risk assessment --- tenement houses --- damage --- maintenance --- fuzzy sets --- Bayes conditional probability --- substitution --- operation and maintenance phase --- cause–effect relationships --- historical buildings --- implementation factors --- information and communication technology --- life cycle costs --- buildings --- bidding decision --- LCC criterion --- price criterion --- construction --- statistical method --- classification --- probability of winning --- risk identification --- MCDM --- critical risk factors --- commercial and recreational complex building projects