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This book provides the first unified examination of the relationship between Radon transforms on symmetric spaces of compact type and the infinitesimal versions of two fundamental rigidity problems in Riemannian geometry. Its primary focus is the spectral rigidity problem: Can the metric of a given Riemannian symmetric space of compact type be characterized by means of the spectrum of its Laplacian? It also addresses a question rooted in the Blaschke problem: Is a Riemannian metric on a projective space whose geodesics are all closed and of the same length isometric to the canonical metric? The authors comprehensively treat the results concerning Radon transforms and the infinitesimal versions of these two problems. Their main result implies that most Grassmannians are spectrally rigid to the first order. This is particularly important, for there are still few isospectrality results for positively curved spaces and these are the first such results for symmetric spaces of compact type of rank ›1. The authors exploit the theory of overdetermined partial differential equations and harmonic analysis on symmetric spaces to provide criteria for infinitesimal rigidity that apply to a large class of spaces. A substantial amount of basic material about Riemannian geometry, symmetric spaces, and Radon transforms is included in a clear and elegant presentation that will be useful to researchers and advanced students in differential geometry.

Radon transforms. --- Grassmann manifolds. --- Grassmannians --- Transforms, Radon --- Differential topology --- Manifolds (Mathematics) --- Integral geometry --- Integral transforms --- Adjoint. --- Automorphism. --- Cartan decomposition. --- Cartan subalgebra. --- Casimir element. --- Closed geodesic. --- Cohomology. --- Commutative property. --- Complex manifold. --- Complex number. --- Complex projective plane. --- Complex projective space. --- Complex vector bundle. --- Complexification. --- Computation. --- Constant curvature. --- Coset. --- Covering space. --- Curvature. --- Determinant. --- Diagram (category theory). --- Diffeomorphism. --- Differential form. --- Differential geometry. --- Differential operator. --- Dimension (vector space). --- Dot product. --- Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. --- Einstein manifold. --- Elliptic operator. --- Endomorphism. --- Equivalence class. --- Even and odd functions. --- Exactness. --- Existential quantification. --- G-module. --- Geometry. --- Grassmannian. --- Harmonic analysis. --- Hermitian symmetric space. --- Hodge dual. --- Homogeneous space. --- Identity element. --- Implicit function. --- Injective function. --- Integer. --- Integral. --- Isometry. --- Killing form. --- Killing vector field. --- Lemma (mathematics). --- Lie algebra. --- Lie derivative. --- Line bundle. --- Mathematical induction. --- Morphism. --- Open set. --- Orthogonal complement. --- Orthonormal basis. --- Orthonormality. --- Parity (mathematics). --- Partial differential equation. --- Projection (linear algebra). --- Projective space. --- Quadric. --- Quaternionic projective space. --- Quotient space (topology). --- Radon transform. --- Real number. --- Real projective plane. --- Real projective space. --- Real structure. --- Remainder. --- Restriction (mathematics). --- Riemann curvature tensor. --- Riemann sphere. --- Riemannian manifold. --- Rigidity (mathematics). --- Scalar curvature. --- Second fundamental form. --- Simple Lie group. --- Standard basis. --- Stokes' theorem. --- Subgroup. --- Submanifold. --- Symmetric space. --- Tangent bundle. --- Tangent space. --- Tangent vector. --- Tensor. --- Theorem. --- Topological group. --- Torus. --- Unit vector. --- Unitary group. --- Vector bundle. --- Vector field. --- Vector space. --- X-ray transform. --- Zero of a function.

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Around 10% of the global population lives in the world’s coastal zones, mostly concentrated in the world’s largest megacities. In many regions, the population is exposed to a variety of natural hazards and space-based observations. This Special Issue will focus on the usage of remote sensing alone or in synergy with in situ measurments and modeling tools to provide precise and systematic information about processes acting in the world’s coastal zones.

Research & information: general --- ACOLITE --- coastal waters --- atmospheric correction --- time-series --- management --- Sentinel-2 --- radon transform --- remote sensing --- bathymetry inversion --- multi-scale monitoring --- image augmentation --- phytoplankton remote sensing --- coastal ocean --- red tides --- black pixel assumption --- satellite --- sediment transport --- coastal geomorphology --- ocean color --- GOCI --- VIIRS --- turbid waters --- satellite-derived bathymetry --- Copernicus programme --- multi-temporal approach --- lidar --- turbidity --- coastal upwelling --- wind forcing --- river plume --- MODIS --- Arctic Ocean --- hurricanes --- water quality --- Puerto Rico --- harmful algal blooms --- Chattonella spp. --- Skeletonema spp. --- backscattering --- Ariake Sea --- chlorophyll-a variability --- spring–neap tides --- MODIS-Aqua --- total suspended sediment --- river discharge --- band registration --- morphological registration --- multispectral camera --- Micasense Rededge-M --- Pearl River estuary --- diffuse attenuation coefficient --- S-EOF --- land subsidence --- multi-temporal SAR interferometry --- sea-surface height --- relative sea level change --- satellite altimetry data --- GNSS --- coastal urban centers --- natural protected areas --- climate change impact --- physics-based inversion method --- ocean surface circulation --- high frequency radar --- self-organizing map --- empirical orthogonal function --- neural networks --- synoptic characteristics --- wave radar --- sea waves --- model data --- Mediterranean sea --- small river plume --- aerial drone --- coastal processes --- frontal zones --- internal waves --- along-track interferometric synthetic aperture radar (ATI-SAR) --- current line-of-sight (LOS) velocity --- azimuth ambiguity --- baseline-to-platform speed ratio estimation --- storm surge --- coastal flooding --- marine storms --- natural hazards --- steric-effect --- satellite altimetry --- ADG/CDOM colored dissolved organic matter --- Sentinel 3 --- southwestern Puerto Rico --- ocean tidal backwater --- stage–discharge relation --- ocean tide model --- Mekong Delta --- suspended particulate matter --- ocean color data --- satellite remote sensing --- in situ measurements --- C2RCC --- Landsat-8 OLI --- Sentinel-2 MSI --- Mzymta River --- Black Sea --- MUR SST --- SST fronts --- Inner Sea of Chiloé --- northern Patagonia --- suspended sediment --- Typhoon Soudelor --- spatial–temporal distribution --- HF marine radars --- wave energy --- ACOLITE --- coastal waters --- atmospheric correction --- time-series --- management --- Sentinel-2 --- radon transform --- remote sensing --- bathymetry inversion --- multi-scale monitoring --- image augmentation --- phytoplankton remote sensing --- coastal ocean --- red tides --- black pixel assumption --- satellite --- sediment transport --- coastal geomorphology --- ocean color --- GOCI --- VIIRS --- turbid waters --- satellite-derived bathymetry --- Copernicus programme --- multi-temporal approach --- lidar --- turbidity --- coastal upwelling --- wind forcing --- river plume --- MODIS --- Arctic Ocean --- hurricanes --- water quality --- Puerto Rico --- harmful algal blooms --- Chattonella spp. --- Skeletonema spp. --- backscattering --- Ariake Sea --- chlorophyll-a variability --- spring–neap tides --- MODIS-Aqua --- total suspended sediment --- river discharge --- band registration --- morphological registration --- multispectral camera --- Micasense Rededge-M --- Pearl River estuary --- diffuse attenuation coefficient --- S-EOF --- land subsidence --- multi-temporal SAR interferometry --- sea-surface height --- relative sea level change --- satellite altimetry data --- GNSS --- coastal urban centers --- natural protected areas --- climate change impact --- physics-based inversion method --- ocean surface circulation --- high frequency radar --- self-organizing map --- empirical orthogonal function --- neural networks --- synoptic characteristics --- wave radar --- sea waves --- model data --- Mediterranean sea --- small river plume --- aerial drone --- coastal processes --- frontal zones --- internal waves --- along-track interferometric synthetic aperture radar (ATI-SAR) --- current line-of-sight (LOS) velocity --- azimuth ambiguity --- baseline-to-platform speed ratio estimation --- storm surge --- coastal flooding --- marine storms --- natural hazards --- steric-effect --- satellite altimetry --- ADG/CDOM colored dissolved organic matter --- Sentinel 3 --- southwestern Puerto Rico --- ocean tidal backwater --- stage–discharge relation --- ocean tide model --- Mekong Delta --- suspended particulate matter --- ocean color data --- satellite remote sensing --- in situ measurements --- C2RCC --- Landsat-8 OLI --- Sentinel-2 MSI --- Mzymta River --- Black Sea --- MUR SST --- SST fronts --- Inner Sea of Chiloé --- northern Patagonia --- suspended sediment --- Typhoon Soudelor --- spatial–temporal distribution --- HF marine radars --- wave energy

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Around 10% of the global population lives in the world’s coastal zones, mostly concentrated in the world’s largest megacities. In many regions, the population is exposed to a variety of natural hazards and space-based observations. This Special Issue will focus on the usage of remote sensing alone or in synergy with in situ measurments and modeling tools to provide precise and systematic information about processes acting in the world’s coastal zones.

Research & information: general --- ACOLITE --- coastal waters --- atmospheric correction --- time-series --- management --- Sentinel-2 --- radon transform --- remote sensing --- bathymetry inversion --- multi-scale monitoring --- image augmentation --- phytoplankton remote sensing --- coastal ocean --- red tides --- black pixel assumption --- satellite --- sediment transport --- coastal geomorphology --- ocean color --- GOCI --- VIIRS --- turbid waters --- satellite-derived bathymetry --- Copernicus programme --- multi-temporal approach --- lidar --- turbidity --- coastal upwelling --- wind forcing --- river plume --- MODIS --- Arctic Ocean --- hurricanes --- water quality --- Puerto Rico --- harmful algal blooms --- Chattonella spp. --- Skeletonema spp. --- backscattering --- Ariake Sea --- chlorophyll-a variability --- spring–neap tides --- MODIS-Aqua --- total suspended sediment --- river discharge --- band registration --- morphological registration --- multispectral camera --- Micasense Rededge-M --- Pearl River estuary --- diffuse attenuation coefficient --- S-EOF --- land subsidence --- multi-temporal SAR interferometry --- sea-surface height --- relative sea level change --- satellite altimetry data --- GNSS --- coastal urban centers --- natural protected areas --- climate change impact --- physics-based inversion method --- ocean surface circulation --- high frequency radar --- self-organizing map --- empirical orthogonal function --- neural networks --- synoptic characteristics --- wave radar --- sea waves --- model data --- Mediterranean sea --- small river plume --- aerial drone --- coastal processes --- frontal zones --- internal waves --- along-track interferometric synthetic aperture radar (ATI-SAR) --- current line-of-sight (LOS) velocity --- azimuth ambiguity --- baseline-to-platform speed ratio estimation --- storm surge --- coastal flooding --- marine storms --- natural hazards --- steric-effect --- satellite altimetry --- ADG/CDOM colored dissolved organic matter --- Sentinel 3 --- southwestern Puerto Rico --- ocean tidal backwater --- stage–discharge relation --- ocean tide model --- Mekong Delta --- suspended particulate matter --- ocean color data --- satellite remote sensing --- in situ measurements --- C2RCC --- Landsat-8 OLI --- Sentinel-2 MSI --- Mzymta River --- Black Sea --- MUR SST --- SST fronts --- Inner Sea of Chiloé --- northern Patagonia --- suspended sediment --- Typhoon Soudelor --- spatial–temporal distribution --- HF marine radars --- wave energy

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With the recent advances in remote sensing technologies for Earth observation, many different remote sensors are collecting data with distinctive properties. The obtained data are so large and complex that analyzing them manually becomes impractical or even impossible. Therefore, understanding remote sensing images effectively, in connection with physics, has been the primary concern of the remote sensing research community in recent years. For this purpose, machine learning is thought to be a promising technique because it can make the system learn to improve itself. With this distinctive characteristic, the algorithms will be more adaptive, automatic, and intelligent. This book introduces some of the most challenging issues of machine learning in the field of remote sensing, and the latest advanced technologies developed for different applications. It integrates with multi-source/multi-temporal/multi-scale data, and mainly focuses on learning to understand remote sensing images. Particularly, it presents many more effective techniques based on the popular concepts of deep learning and big data to reach new heights of data understanding. Through reporting recent advances in the machine learning approaches towards analyzing and understanding remote sensing images, this book can help readers become more familiar with knowledge frontier and foster an increased interest in this field.

metadata --- image classification --- sensitivity analysis --- ROI detection --- residual learning --- image alignment --- adaptive convolutional kernels --- Hough transform --- class imbalance --- land surface temperature --- inundation mapping --- multiscale representation --- object-based --- convolutional neural networks --- scene classification --- morphological profiles --- hyperedge weight estimation --- hyperparameter sparse representation --- semantic segmentation --- vehicle classification --- flood --- Landsat imagery --- target detection --- multi-sensor --- building damage detection --- optimized kernel minimum noise fraction (OKMNF) --- sea-land segmentation --- nonlinear classification --- land use --- SAR imagery --- anti-noise transfer network --- sub-pixel change detection --- Radon transform --- segmentation --- remote sensing image retrieval --- TensorFlow --- convolutional neural network --- particle swarm optimization --- optical sensors --- machine learning --- mixed pixel --- optical remotely sensed images --- object-based image analysis --- very high resolution images --- single stream optimization --- ship detection --- ice concentration --- online learning --- manifold ranking --- dictionary learning --- urban surface water extraction --- saliency detection --- spatial attraction model (SAM) --- quality assessment --- Fuzzy-GA decision making system --- land cover change --- multi-view canonical correlation analysis ensemble --- land cover --- semantic labeling --- sparse representation --- dimensionality expansion --- speckle filters --- hyperspectral imagery --- fully convolutional network --- infrared image --- Siamese neural network --- Random Forests (RF) --- feature matching --- color matching --- geostationary satellite remote sensing image --- change feature analysis --- road detection --- deep learning --- aerial images --- image segmentation --- aerial image --- multi-sensor image matching --- HJ-1A/B CCD --- endmember extraction --- high resolution --- multi-scale clustering --- heterogeneous domain adaptation --- hard classification --- regional land cover --- hypergraph learning --- automatic cluster number determination --- dilated convolution --- MSER --- semi-supervised learning --- gate --- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) --- downscaling --- conditional random fields --- urban heat island --- hyperspectral image --- remote sensing image correction --- skip connection --- ISPRS --- spatial distribution --- geo-referencing --- Support Vector Machine (SVM) --- very high resolution (VHR) satellite image --- classification --- ensemble learning --- synthetic aperture radar --- conservation --- convolutional neural network (CNN) --- THEOS --- visible light and infrared integrated camera --- vehicle localization --- structured sparsity --- texture analysis --- DSFATN --- CNN --- image registration --- UAV --- unsupervised classification --- SVMs --- SAR image --- fuzzy neural network --- dimensionality reduction --- GeoEye-1 --- feature extraction --- sub-pixel --- energy distribution optimizing --- saliency analysis --- deep convolutional neural networks --- sparse and low-rank graph --- hyperspectral remote sensing --- tensor low-rank approximation --- optimal transport --- SELF --- spatiotemporal context learning --- Modest AdaBoost --- topic modelling --- multi-seasonal --- Segment-Tree Filtering --- locality information --- GF-4 PMS --- image fusion --- wavelet transform --- hashing --- machine learning techniques --- satellite images --- climate change --- road segmentation --- remote sensing --- tensor sparse decomposition --- Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) --- multi-task learning --- deep salient feature --- speckle --- canonical correlation weighted voting --- fully convolutional network (FCN) --- despeckling --- multispectral imagery --- ratio images --- linear spectral unmixing --- hyperspectral image classification --- multispectral images --- high resolution image --- multi-objective --- convolution neural network --- transfer learning --- 1-dimensional (1-D) --- threshold stability --- Landsat --- kernel method --- phase congruency --- subpixel mapping (SPM) --- tensor --- MODIS --- GSHHG database --- compressive sensing

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Radar-related technology is mainly processed within the time and frequency domains but, at the same time, is a multi-dimensional integrated system including a spatial domain for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves. As a result of the enormous technological advancements of the pioneers actively discussed in this book, research and development in multi-dimensional undeveloped areas is expected to continue. This book contains state-of-the-art work that should guide your research.

History of engineering & technology --- inverse synthetic aperture ladar (ISAL) --- maneuvering target --- integral cubic phase function (ICPF) --- fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) --- non-uniform fast Fourier transform (NUFFT) --- CLEAN technique --- simultaneous polarimetric radar --- constant modulus sequences --- correlation properties --- doppler tolerance --- saliency preprocessing LLC --- saliency detection --- image processing --- scene classification --- antenna array --- automatic guided vehicle --- DoA/DoD estimation --- MIMO radar --- direct position determination --- Doppler --- Doppler rate --- maximum likelihood estimator --- coherent pulse trains --- single moving sensor --- Cramer–Rao lower bound --- bistatic MIMO radar --- DOD/DOA estimation --- mutual coupling --- off-grid sparse problem --- unmanned aerial vehicle --- clustering methods --- man-made targets --- synthetic aperture radar (SAR) --- inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) --- polarimetric decomposition --- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) --- microwave imaging --- constitutive parameters --- conductivity --- permittivity --- tomography --- RF MEMS --- switch --- analytical approach --- low control voltage --- high switching speed --- high reliability --- radar echo cancellation --- frequency shifting modulation --- interrupted sampling --- radar jamming --- deception jamming --- remote sensing --- SAR --- radon transform --- speckle noise filtering --- maritime traffic monitoring --- wake detection and analysis --- synthetic aperture radar --- differential SAR tomography --- squinted SAR --- 3-D deformation --- 2-D PPS --- maneuvering target detection --- coherent integration --- motion parameter estimation --- second-order phase difference (SoPD) --- time-frequency analysis --- image fusion --- sparse representation --- hyperbolic tangent function --- guided filter --- narrowband interference separation --- block sparse Bayesian learning --- sensing matrix optimization --- block coherence measure --- bistatic inverse synthetic aperture radar --- linear geometry distortion --- prior information --- least square error --- lunar penetrating radar --- local correlation --- SNR --- K-L transform --- seislet transform --- generative adversarial nets --- through-wall radar imaging --- multipath ghost suppression --- generator and discriminator --- ultrahigh resolution --- spaceborne --- curved orbit --- series reversion --- singular value decomposition (SVD) --- deramping-based approach --- crosshole ground penetrating radar (GPR) --- Bayesian inversion --- Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) --- forward model --- modeling error --- discrete cosine transform (DCT) --- through-wall imaging --- contrast target detection --- clutter reduction --- entropy thresholding --- low-rank approximation --- S-transformation --- ISAR --- micro-Doppler --- synchrosqueezing --- PBR (passive bistatic radar) --- clutter suppression --- non-uniform grid --- dilation morphology --- passive bistatic radar --- phased array radar --- parameter estimation --- aircraft surveillance --- GPR --- seasonal permafrost --- electromagnetic wave attribute --- relative water content --- marine radar --- wind direction retrieval --- small wind streak --- local gradient method --- adaptive reduced method --- energy spectrum method --- metamaterial absorber --- double negative --- dual-band --- FMCW radio altimeter --- methodological error --- critical height --- altitude measurement accuracy --- height pulses --- ultra-wide frequency deviation --- sparse recovery --- wideband noise interference --- dechirping --- subspace extraction --- denoising detection --- orthogonal matching pursuit --- pulse radar --- rotating target --- micro-motion feature extraction --- interrupted transmitting and receiving (ITR) --- dual-polarized radar --- DOA estimation --- atomic norm --- comprehensive SAR --- multiparametric SAR observation --- discrete scatterer model --- n/a --- Cramer-Rao lower bound