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ecosystems --- forests --- Caesium --- Radioactive pollutants --- Epioux --- Radiocesium

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Medical mineralogy and geochemistry constitute an important field, yet little attention has been paid to it by scientists, administrators, or the public. The aims of this book are: (a) to focus on a selection of current challenges and research opportunities and (b) to encourage knowledge transfer between geochemists and mineralogists whose work concerns medical problems and medical scientists who study problems surrounding biominerals and geomaterials. This book covers a variety of novel approaches, tools and techniques, and scenarios of contamination in water and wastewater, and is a key resource for policymakers and environmental scientists working hard to address environmental pollutants. The key features are: state-of-the-art techniques for the assessment and remediation of heavy metals, presenting the interdisciplinary impacts of heavy metals, including those on human health, ecosystems and water quality, and including various contamination indices, such as contamination factor, geoaccumulation index, enrichment factor, pollution index and ecological risk index.

phosphorus --- adsorption --- steel slag --- fly ash --- activated clay --- reactor --- Ramganga River --- turbidity --- Landsat 8 SR --- water quality --- Ganges River --- fluoride --- groundwater --- Sustainable Development Goal 6 --- rural community water supply --- weathered basement aquifer --- hydrogeology --- policy change --- risk --- heavy metal --- human health --- pollution indices --- soil --- plant diseases --- nanoparticles --- diseases --- biotic stress --- management --- silver nanoparticles --- zinc nanoparticles --- calcium carbonate nanoparticles --- calcium oxide nanoparticles --- incense sticks ash --- sludge --- eggshell --- terrestrial environment --- radiocesium --- cesium-137 --- radioactive contamination --- cancer risk --- radionuclide --- nuclear accident --- nominal risk --- decision making

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Ten years have passed since the nuclear accident occurred in Fukushima, Japan, following the Great East Japan earthquake. Thereafter, many people around the world have been concerned about the risks posed by radiation. They still believe that even a small amount of radiation exposure will affect human health. In reality, however, there are many natural radionuclides in the environment, which emit a variety of types of radiation. Although it is well known that there is a positively linear relationship between acute radiation exposure and cancer risk in atomic bomb survivors, the risk of chronic radiation exposure due to natural radionuclides cannot be well explained to people who have lived in high-background radiation areas for many generations. Therefore, more studies in this research field are required to obtain new scientific findings. In order to promote further scientific activities, it will be the best for us to understand the current status of this field by summarizing what we have apprehended so far. This Special Issue will highlight measurement data, methodologies, radiation biology, and risk assessment related to radiation.

Biography & True Stories --- air dose rate --- difficult-to-return zone --- evacuation order-lifted areas --- effective dose rate --- external exposure risk --- Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident --- living space --- radiocesium --- surface soil --- Tomioka town --- tritium monitoring --- fusion test facility --- deuterium plasma experiment --- monthly precipitation --- chemical composition --- Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant --- strontium-90 --- cesium-137 --- seawater monitoring --- contaminated water --- dose assessment --- Japan --- bottled water --- guidance level --- WHO --- natural radionuclides --- artificial radionuclides --- effective dose --- ingestion --- passive radon monitor --- development --- sensitivity --- detection limit --- air-exchange rate --- total diet study --- radioactive cesium --- potassium-40 --- dietary intake --- Fukushima accident --- 222Rn progeny --- 220Rn progeny --- CR-39 --- equilibrium equivalent concentration --- deposition velocity --- thoron --- thoron progeny --- indoor environment --- measurement technique --- radioactivity --- residential exposure --- dose --- gamma radiation --- health risk --- radon mapping --- 226Ra --- 228Ra --- 238U --- well water --- radiological hazards --- REE and uranium mines --- northern Vietnam --- radon --- hot spring --- public health --- Namie Town --- cesium-134 --- external exposure dose evaluation --- radon concentration --- groundwater --- residence time --- limestone aquifer --- Okinawa Island --- indoor --- environment --- nationwide survey --- SSNTD --- radon potential map --- geography information systems --- geology --- risk --- exhalation rate --- long-term measurement --- seasonal variation --- Fukushima --- free-roaming cat --- reproductive organ --- internal contamination --- Waddawalla / Well 40 (Great Sandy Desert WA SF51-08)

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• Reference Manager
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Ten years have passed since the nuclear accident occurred in Fukushima, Japan, following the Great East Japan earthquake. Thereafter, many people around the world have been concerned about the risks posed by radiation. They still believe that even a small amount of radiation exposure will affect human health. In reality, however, there are many natural radionuclides in the environment, which emit a variety of types of radiation. Although it is well known that there is a positively linear relationship between acute radiation exposure and cancer risk in atomic bomb survivors, the risk of chronic radiation exposure due to natural radionuclides cannot be well explained to people who have lived in high-background radiation areas for many generations. Therefore, more studies in this research field are required to obtain new scientific findings. In order to promote further scientific activities, it will be the best for us to understand the current status of this field by summarizing what we have apprehended so far. This Special Issue will highlight measurement data, methodologies, radiation biology, and risk assessment related to radiation.

Biography & True Stories --- air dose rate --- difficult-to-return zone --- evacuation order-lifted areas --- effective dose rate --- external exposure risk --- Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident --- living space --- radiocesium --- surface soil --- Tomioka town --- tritium monitoring --- fusion test facility --- deuterium plasma experiment --- monthly precipitation --- chemical composition --- Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant --- strontium-90 --- cesium-137 --- seawater monitoring --- contaminated water --- dose assessment --- Japan --- bottled water --- guidance level --- WHO --- natural radionuclides --- artificial radionuclides --- effective dose --- ingestion --- passive radon monitor --- development --- sensitivity --- detection limit --- air-exchange rate --- total diet study --- radioactive cesium --- potassium-40 --- dietary intake --- Fukushima accident --- 222Rn progeny --- 220Rn progeny --- CR-39 --- equilibrium equivalent concentration --- deposition velocity --- thoron --- thoron progeny --- indoor environment --- measurement technique --- radioactivity --- residential exposure --- dose --- gamma radiation --- health risk --- radon mapping --- 226Ra --- 228Ra --- 238U --- well water --- radiological hazards --- REE and uranium mines --- northern Vietnam --- radon --- hot spring --- public health --- Namie Town --- cesium-134 --- external exposure dose evaluation --- radon concentration --- groundwater --- residence time --- limestone aquifer --- Okinawa Island --- indoor --- environment --- nationwide survey --- SSNTD --- radon potential map --- geography information systems --- geology --- risk --- exhalation rate --- long-term measurement --- seasonal variation --- Fukushima --- free-roaming cat --- reproductive organ --- internal contamination --- Waddawalla / Well 40 (Great Sandy Desert WA SF51-08)