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This text employs critical race theory as a theoretical and analytical framework to unveil how racial stratification shapes the socioeconomic outcomes and racial inequality in the labour market. The pages guide students interested in CRT and investigating racism, discrimination and inequality.

Discrimination in employment --- Labor market --- Equality --- Ireland --- Race relations. --- Blacks. --- Discrimination. --- Group favouritism. --- Immigrants. --- Labour market. --- Racial Inequality. --- Racial stratification. --- Racism. --- White supremacy. --- Whites.

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Despite its image as an epicenter of progressive social policy, New York City continues to have one of the nation's most segregated school systems. Tracing the quest for integration in education from the mid-1950s to the present, The Battle Nearer to Home follows the tireless efforts by educational activists to dismantle the deep racial and socioeconomic inequalities that segregation reinforces. The fight for integration has shifted significantly over time, not least in terms of the way "integration" is conceived, from transfers of students and redrawing school attendance zones, to more recent demands of community control of segregated schools. In all cases, the Board eventually pulled the plug in the face of resistance from more powerful stakeholders, and, starting in the 1970s, integration receded as a possible solution to educational inequality. In excavating the history of New York City school integration politics, in the halls of power and on the ground, Christopher Bonastia unearths the enduring white resistance to integration and the severe costs paid by Black and Latino students. This last decade has seen activists renew the fight for integration, but the war is still far from won.

Education and state --- School integration --- Segregation in education --- History. --- History. --- History. --- African American history. --- Black Freedom Struggles. --- New York City. --- civil rights. --- education history. --- integration. --- racial inequality. --- segregation. --- social movements.

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Most people in jail have not been convicted of a crime. Instead, they have been accused of a crime and cannot afford to post the bail amount to guarantee their freedom until trial. Punishing Poverty examines how the current system of pretrial release detains hundreds of thousands of defendants awaiting trial. Tracing the historical antecedents of the US bail system, with particular attention to the failures of bail reform efforts in the mid to late twentieth century, the authors describe the painful social and economic impact of contemporary bail decisions. The first book-length treatment to analyze how bail reproduces racial and economic inequality throughout the criminal justice system, Punishing Poverty explores reform efforts, as jurisdictions begin to move away from money bail systems, and the attempts of the bail bond industry to push back against such reforms. This accessibly written book gives a succinct overview of the role of pretrial detention in fueling mass incarceration and is essential reading for researchers and reformers alike.

Bail --- 20th century. --- bail bond industry. --- bail reform. --- bail. --- contemporary bail decisions. --- convictions. --- crimes. --- criminal justice system. --- criminals. --- defendants. --- economic impact. --- economic inequality. --- freedom. --- going to prison. --- historical antecedents. --- jail. --- jurisdictions. --- mass incarceration. --- money bail systems. --- poor people. --- pretrial detention. --- pretrial release. --- racial inequality. --- reform efforts. --- social impact. --- trials. --- us bail system.

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This book looks beyond the headlines to uncover the controversial history of California's ballot measures over the past fifty years. As the rest of the U.S. watched, California voters banned public services for undocumented immigrants, repealed public affirmative action programs, and outlawed bilingual education, among other measures. Why did a state with a liberal political culture, an increasingly diverse populace, and a well-organized civil rights leadership roll back civil rights and anti-discrimination gains? Daniel Martinez HoSang finds that, contrary to popular perception, this phenomenon does not represent a new wave of "color-blind" policies, nor is a triumph of racial conservatism. Instead, in a book that goes beyond the conservative-liberal divide, HoSang uncovers surprising connections between the right and left that reveal how racial inequality has endured. Arguing that each of these measures was a proposition about the meaning of race and racism, his deft, convincing analysis ultimately recasts our understanding of the production of racial identity, inequality, and power in the postwar era.

Referendum --- History --- California --- Race relations --- Politics and government --- affirmative action programs. --- american politics. --- ballot initiatives. --- bilingual rights. --- california. --- civil rights. --- conservative liberal divide. --- controversial. --- discrimination. --- diversity. --- historical. --- history buffs. --- immigrants. --- inequality. --- liberal politics. --- modern history. --- nonfiction. --- postwar california. --- postwar era. --- public services. --- race issues. --- racial conservatism. --- racial identity. --- racial inequality. --- racism. --- undocumented immigrants. --- united states. --- voter rights.

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Paris’s Gare du Nord is one of the busiest international transit centers in the world. In the past three decades, it has become an important hub for West African migrants—self-fashioned adventurers—navigating life in the city. In this groundbreaking work, Julie Kleinman chronicles how West Africans use the Gare du Nord to create economic opportunities, confront police harassment, and forge connections to people outside of their communities. Drawing on ten years of ethnographic research, including an internship at the French national railway company, Kleinman reveals how racial inequality is ingrained in the order of Parisian public space. She vividly describes the extraordinary ways that African migrants retool French transit infrastructure to build alternative pathways toward social and economic integration where state institutions have failed. In doing so, these adventurers defy boundaries—between migrant and citizen, center and periphery, neighbor and stranger—that have shaped urban planning and immigration policy. Adventure Capital offers a new understanding of contemporary migration and belonging, capturing the central role that West African migrants play in revitalizing French urban life.

West Africans --- Immigrants --- Racism --- Economic aspects --- Gare du Nord (Paris, France) --- confront police harassment. --- contemporary migration and belonging. --- create economic opportunities. --- forge connections to people. --- gare du nord. --- hub for west african migrants. --- international transit center. --- racial inequality in parisian public space. --- retool french transit infrastructure. --- revitalizing french urban life. --- self fashioned adventurers. --- west african migrants. --- west africans and gare du nord. --- west africans.