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Following new developments in the measurement of gravitational waves from neutron–star mergers and the modification or construction of particle colliders to reach larger densities, we are entering a new era, during which we can begin to understand dense and hot matter for the first time. This, together with future supernova explosion data, will provide us with the opportunity to have truly multimessenger data on hot and dense matter, which is, to some extent, similar to the matter present in the core of proto-neutron stars. This Special Issue focuses on the theory necessary to understand present and future data. It includes state-of-the-art theoretical models that describe dense and hot matter and dynamical stellar simulations that make use of them, with the ultimate goal of determining which degrees of freedom are relevant under these conditions and how they affect the matter equation of state and stellar evolution.

Research & information: general --- Physics --- neutron stars --- equations of state --- relativistic models --- gravitational waves --- neutron star --- equation of state --- universal relation --- hybrid star --- color superconductivity --- diquark --- dense matter --- neutrinos --- hyperons --- nuclear matter --- neutron star merger --- beta equilibration --- weak interaction --- n/a --- chiral symmetry --- axion QED --- quark–hole pairing --- cold-dense QCD --- magnetic DCDW --- quark stars --- dark matter --- radial oscillations --- nuclear matter aspects --- quark deconfinement --- quark-gluon plasma production --- phase-transition --- neutron star crust --- meson interactions --- quantum molecular dynamics --- quark-hole pairing

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The characterization of the physical and chemical properties of transition metals and their compounds under extreme conditions of pressure and temperature has always attracted the interest of a wide scientific community. Their properties have numerous implications in fields ranging from solid-state physics, chemistry, and materials science to Earth and planetary science. The present Special Issue represents a good example of such a broad interest and shows some of the latest advancements in the investigation of transition metals under extreme conditions of pressure and temperature.

Technology: general issues --- vanadate --- kagome compound --- high pressure --- X-ray diffraction --- equation of state --- iodate --- infrared spectroscopy --- phase transitions --- grain refinement --- mechanical properties --- commercial purity aluminum --- zirconium --- Nb3Sn --- local atomic structure --- XAFS --- melting curves --- laser-heated diamond anvil cell --- extreme conditions --- synchrotron radiation --- transition metals --- iridium --- laser heating --- density-functional theory --- melting --- radial-distribution function --- quantum molecular dynamics --- melting curve --- solid-solid phase transition boundary --- multi-phase materials --- phase relation --- Earth's core --- iron alloys --- high-pressure --- high-temperature --- thermodynamics --- eutectic spacing --- Al-Si alloy --- superheat --- electrical resistivity --- iron sulfides --- high temperature --- Ganymede --- thermal convection --- creep testing --- ME21 --- magnesium alloy --- size effects --- miniature specimen --- PbTe --- substitutional disorder --- thermal expansion --- bulk modulus --- atomic displacement --- low temperature --- compression --- Debye temperature --- vanadate --- kagome compound --- high pressure --- X-ray diffraction --- equation of state --- iodate --- infrared spectroscopy --- phase transitions --- grain refinement --- mechanical properties --- commercial purity aluminum --- zirconium --- Nb3Sn --- local atomic structure --- XAFS --- melting curves --- laser-heated diamond anvil cell --- extreme conditions --- synchrotron radiation --- transition metals --- iridium --- laser heating --- density-functional theory --- melting --- radial-distribution function --- quantum molecular dynamics --- melting curve --- solid-solid phase transition boundary --- multi-phase materials --- phase relation --- Earth's core --- iron alloys --- high-pressure --- high-temperature --- thermodynamics --- eutectic spacing --- Al-Si alloy --- superheat --- electrical resistivity --- iron sulfides --- high temperature --- Ganymede --- thermal convection --- creep testing --- ME21 --- magnesium alloy --- size effects --- miniature specimen --- PbTe --- substitutional disorder --- thermal expansion --- bulk modulus --- atomic displacement --- low temperature --- compression --- Debye temperature

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The characterization of the physical and chemical properties of transition metals and their compounds under extreme conditions of pressure and temperature has always attracted the interest of a wide scientific community. Their properties have numerous implications in fields ranging from solid-state physics, chemistry, and materials science to Earth and planetary science. The present Special Issue represents a good example of such a broad interest and shows some of the latest advancements in the investigation of transition metals under extreme conditions of pressure and temperature.

Technology: general issues --- vanadate --- kagome compound --- high pressure --- X-ray diffraction --- equation of state --- iodate --- infrared spectroscopy --- phase transitions --- grain refinement --- mechanical properties --- commercial purity aluminum --- zirconium --- Nb3Sn --- local atomic structure --- XAFS --- melting curves --- laser-heated diamond anvil cell --- extreme conditions --- synchrotron radiation --- transition metals --- iridium --- laser heating --- density-functional theory --- melting --- radial-distribution function --- quantum molecular dynamics --- melting curve --- solid–solid phase transition boundary --- multi-phase materials --- phase relation --- Earth’s core --- iron alloys --- high-pressure --- high-temperature --- thermodynamics --- eutectic spacing --- Al-Si alloy --- superheat --- electrical resistivity --- iron sulfides --- high temperature --- Ganymede --- thermal convection --- creep testing --- ME21 --- magnesium alloy --- size effects --- miniature specimen --- PbTe --- substitutional disorder --- thermal expansion --- bulk modulus --- atomic displacement --- low temperature --- compression --- Debye temperature --- n/a --- solid-solid phase transition boundary --- Earth's core

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This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue of Crystals entitled Pressure-Induced Phase Transformations. It includes selected articles on the behavior of matter under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions, describing and discussing contemporary achievements, which were selected based on their relevance and scientific quality.

vanadate --- zircon --- high pressure --- band gap --- phase transition --- optical absorption --- benzene phase I --- homogeneous melting --- Ostwald’s step rule --- molecular dynamics simulation --- metastable phase --- melting transition --- Fe --- electrical resistivity --- thermal conductivity --- heat flow --- thermal and chemical convection --- sesquioxides --- phase transitions --- Laue diffraction --- mechanisms of phase transitions --- reactivity --- tungsten --- rhenium --- carbon dioxide --- carbonates --- high-pressure high-temperature experiments --- quantum spin liquids --- frustrated magnets --- quantum phase transitions --- high-pressure measurements --- phase diagram --- quantum molecular dynamics --- melting curve --- Z methodology --- multi-phase materials --- epsomite --- dehydration reaction --- Raman spectra --- electrical conductivity --- high-pressure phase transitions --- molecular crystals --- computational methods --- DFT and Force Field methods --- energy calculations --- intermolecular interactions --- Landau theory --- nonlinear elasticity theory --- perovskites --- fullerenes --- polymerization --- pressure-induced --- Raman --- infrared laser --- laser-heated diamond anvil cell --- synchrotron radiation --- extreme conditions --- n/a