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Hydropower is an essential part of the renewable energy sector. High efficiency, immediate availability, and safe operation of hydroelectric power plants are the three key issues in recent developments in the hydropower sector. This book brings together the latest achievements addressing these key factors. In addition, one contribution deals with the alternative harvesting of hydro energy from pivoted cylinders by generating flow-induced vibrations, which are unwanted phenomena in classical pump–turbine units.

annular seal --- CFD --- dynamic coefficients --- fluid forces --- nonlinear dynamic model --- static eccentricity --- reversible hydraulic machines --- penstocks --- pressure pipelines --- performance tests --- flow rate measurements --- volumetric gauging method --- pressure-time method --- water-hammer --- pump-turbine --- flow patterns --- pressure pulsations --- similarities --- differences --- S-shaped characteristics --- runaway transient process --- VIV --- FIV --- renewable energy --- pivoted cylinder --- cross section --- geometry --- pump as turbine (PAT) --- Francis turbine --- calculation model --- efficiency --- hydropower --- computational fluid dynamics --- hydraulic efficiency --- Gibson method --- manifolds --- turbine --- thermodynamic method --- air cushion surge tank (ACST) --- air friction model --- flexible hydro power plants --- mechanistic model --- OpenHPL

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Irrigation is becoming an activity of precision, where combining information collected from various sources is necessary to optimally manage resources. New management strategies, such as big data techniques, sensors, artificial intelligence, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), and new technologies in general, are becoming more relevant every day. As such, modeling techniques, both at the water distribution network and the farm levels, will be essential to gather information from various sources and offer useful recommendations for decision-making processes. In this book, 10 high quality papers were selected that cover a wide range of issues that are relevant to the different aspects related to irrigation management: water source and distribution network, plot irrigation systems, and crop water management.

Calathea --- irrigation demands --- variable topography --- water need index (WNI) --- rotator spray sprinkler --- olive orchard --- evapotranspiration --- modified drag model --- center pivot system --- hydraulic model --- optimization --- energy consumption --- the stable carbon isotope technique --- pump-as-turbine --- irrigation DSS --- Stromanthe --- ballistic simulation --- water resources management --- weed algorithm --- low-pressure --- modelling --- decision support systems --- water depth --- payback period --- irrigation networks --- water productivity --- fertigation scheduling --- container-grown plants --- irrigation water allocation --- actual evapotranspiration (ETA) --- sugar beet --- precision irrigation --- combinatorial analysis --- lined irrigation open-canal --- calibration --- soil-water-plant-atmosphere models --- daily water requirements --- hydraulic modelling --- AquaCrop --- reclaimed water --- hydropower --- crop transpiration --- water-energy nexus --- variable speed --- summer maize --- ornamental foliage plants --- Aswan High Dam --- energy losses --- well --- drip irrigation --- statistical analysis --- unmeasured discharges estimation --- irrigation network

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This book comprises components associated with smart water which aims at the exploitation and building of more sustainable and technological water networks towards the water–energy nexus and system efficiency. The implementation of modeling frameworks for measuring the performance based on a set of relevant indicators and data applications and model interfaces provides better support for decisions towards greater sustainability and more flexible and safer solutions. The hydraulic, management, and structural models represent the most effective and viable way to predict the behavior of the water networks under a wide range of conditions of demand and system failures. The knowledge of reliable parameters is crucial to develop approach models and, therefore, positive decisions in real time to be implemented in smart water systems. On the other hand, the models of operation in real-time optimization allow us to extend decisions to smart water systems in order to improve the efficiency of the water network and ensure more reliable and flexible operations, maximizing cost, environmental, and social savings associated with losses or failures. The data obtained in real time instantly update the network model towards digital water models, showing the characteristic parameters of pumps, valves, pressures, and flows, as well as hours of operation towards the lowest operating costs, in order to meet the requirement objectives for an efficient system.

seismic reliability --- water distribution system --- optimal layout --- Anytown network --- water network expansion --- water network capacity --- intermittent water supply --- theoretical maximum flow --- system setting curve --- demand estimation --- Kalman filter --- node grouping --- genetic algorithm --- smart water --- water-energy nexus --- energy efficiency --- sustainable water management --- energy recovering --- design criteria --- structure analysis --- suspended pipelines --- finite element method (FEM) --- SWMM Toolkit --- sewer system --- design --- optimization --- micro-hydropower --- water supply networks --- energy potential --- tubular propeller turbine --- energy recovery --- urban flooding --- centralized reservoir --- decentralized reservoir --- cooperative operation --- most stringent water resources management --- initial provincial water rights --- dynamic projection pursuit --- energy saving --- Pump As Turbine (PAT) --- PAT and pump system (P&amp --- P) --- pumping --- water hammer --- air vessel sizing --- energy storage --- dynamic behavior --- CAES --- irrigation water networks --- renewable energy --- sustainability and efficiency --- hydropower solutions --- water management --- air-water --- air pocket --- air valve --- hydraulic model --- pipeline --- emptying --- water supply

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The Special Issue on Advances in Modeling and Management of Urban Water Networks (UWNs) explores four important topics of research in the context of UWNs: asset management, modeling of demand and hydraulics, energy recovery, and pipe burst identification and leakage reduction. In the first topic, the multi-objective optimization of interventions on the network is presented to find trade-off solutions between costs and efficiency. In the second topic, methodologies are presented to simulate and predict demand and to simulate network behavior in emergency scenarios. In the third topic, a methodology is presented for the multi-objective optimization of pump-as-turbine (PAT) installation sites in transmission mains. In the fourth topic, methodologies for pipe burst identification and leakage reduction are presented. As for the urban drainage systems (UDSs), the two explored topics are asset management, with a system upgrade to reduce flooding, and modeling of flow and water quality, with analyses on the transition from surface to pressurized flow, impact of water use reduction on the operation of UDSs, and sediment transport in pressurized pipes. The Special Issue also includes one paper dealing with the hydraulic modeling of an urban river with a complex cross-section.

History of engineering & technology --- drainage network --- climate change --- rehabilitation --- optimization --- SWMM --- drainage networks --- flooding --- multi-objective optimization --- water network partition --- genetic algorithm --- hydraulic --- water quality --- actions --- asset management --- ANN --- prediction --- performance --- water utility --- water system --- NSGA-II --- GIS modeling --- leakage management --- urban water network management --- valve closing algorithm --- web 2.0 --- total suspended solids --- in-situ --- erosion --- sedimentation --- pressure pipe --- sewage --- water distribution systems --- pipe bursts --- hydraulic transients --- real-time control --- machine learning --- sediment transport model --- numerical simulation --- advection-dispersion equation --- water distribution networks --- transmission mains --- pump as turbine --- energy recovery --- hydropower --- multi-objective --- water consumption --- chaos theory --- local approximation --- Kelowna --- gene expression programming --- trapezoidal stretch --- transition stretch --- culvert --- open channel --- hydraulic factors --- sewer design --- stochastic sewer modelling --- wastewater quality --- household discharge --- reduced water consumption --- flow regime transition --- finite volume methods --- numerical oscillations --- numerical viscosity --- Preissmann slot model --- hydraulic simulation --- water demand --- emergency scenario --- intermittent water supply --- water management --- WaterGEMS software --- pressure control --- leakage reduction strategies --- water distribution system modeling --- urban drainage system modeling --- emergency scenarios --- leakage --- demand --- energy --- sediment transport --- drainage network --- climate change --- rehabilitation --- optimization --- SWMM --- drainage networks --- flooding --- multi-objective optimization --- water network partition --- genetic algorithm --- hydraulic --- water quality --- actions --- asset management --- ANN --- prediction --- performance --- water utility --- water system --- NSGA-II --- GIS modeling --- leakage management --- urban water network management --- valve closing algorithm --- web 2.0 --- total suspended solids --- in-situ --- erosion --- sedimentation --- pressure pipe --- sewage --- water distribution systems --- pipe bursts --- hydraulic transients --- real-time control --- machine learning --- sediment transport model --- numerical simulation --- advection-dispersion equation --- water distribution networks --- transmission mains --- pump as turbine --- energy recovery --- hydropower --- multi-objective --- water consumption --- chaos theory --- local approximation --- Kelowna --- gene expression programming --- trapezoidal stretch --- transition stretch --- culvert --- open channel --- hydraulic factors --- sewer design --- stochastic sewer modelling --- wastewater quality --- household discharge --- reduced water consumption --- flow regime transition --- finite volume methods --- numerical oscillations --- numerical viscosity --- Preissmann slot model --- hydraulic simulation --- water demand --- emergency scenario --- intermittent water supply --- water management --- WaterGEMS software --- pressure control --- leakage reduction strategies --- water distribution system modeling --- urban drainage system modeling --- emergency scenarios --- leakage --- demand --- energy --- sediment transport

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The Special Issue on Advances in Modeling and Management of Urban Water Networks (UWNs) explores four important topics of research in the context of UWNs: asset management, modeling of demand and hydraulics, energy recovery, and pipe burst identification and leakage reduction. In the first topic, the multi-objective optimization of interventions on the network is presented to find trade-off solutions between costs and efficiency. In the second topic, methodologies are presented to simulate and predict demand and to simulate network behavior in emergency scenarios. In the third topic, a methodology is presented for the multi-objective optimization of pump-as-turbine (PAT) installation sites in transmission mains. In the fourth topic, methodologies for pipe burst identification and leakage reduction are presented. As for the urban drainage systems (UDSs), the two explored topics are asset management, with a system upgrade to reduce flooding, and modeling of flow and water quality, with analyses on the transition from surface to pressurized flow, impact of water use reduction on the operation of UDSs, and sediment transport in pressurized pipes. The Special Issue also includes one paper dealing with the hydraulic modeling of an urban river with a complex cross-section.

drainage network --- climate change --- rehabilitation --- optimization --- SWMM --- drainage networks --- flooding --- multi-objective optimization --- water network partition --- genetic algorithm --- hydraulic --- water quality --- actions --- asset management --- ANN --- prediction --- performance --- water utility --- water system --- NSGA-II --- GIS modeling --- leakage management --- urban water network management --- valve closing algorithm --- web 2.0 --- total suspended solids --- in-situ --- erosion --- sedimentation --- pressure pipe --- sewage --- water distribution systems --- pipe bursts --- hydraulic transients --- real-time control --- machine learning --- sediment transport model --- numerical simulation --- advection-dispersion equation --- water distribution networks --- transmission mains --- pump as turbine --- energy recovery --- hydropower --- multi-objective --- water consumption --- chaos theory --- local approximation --- Kelowna --- gene expression programming --- trapezoidal stretch --- transition stretch --- culvert --- open channel --- hydraulic factors --- sewer design --- stochastic sewer modelling --- wastewater quality --- household discharge --- reduced water consumption --- flow regime transition --- finite volume methods --- numerical oscillations --- numerical viscosity --- Preissmann slot model --- hydraulic simulation --- water demand --- emergency scenario --- intermittent water supply --- water management --- WaterGEMS software --- pressure control --- leakage reduction strategies --- water distribution system modeling --- urban drainage system modeling --- emergency scenarios --- leakage --- demand --- energy --- sediment transport