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Neuromechanics has been used to identify optimal rehabilitation protocols that successfully improve motor deficits in various populations, such as elderly people and individuals with neurological diseases (e.g., stroke, Parkinson’s disease, and essential tremor). By investigating structural and functional changes in the central and peripheral nervous systems based on neuromechanical theories and findings, we can expand our knowledge regarding underlying neurophysiological mechanisms and specific motor impairment patterns before and after therapies to further develop new training programs (e.g., non-invasive brain stimulation). Thus, the aim of this Special Issue is to present the main contributions of researchers and rehabilitation specialists in biomechanics, motor control, neurophysiology, neuroscience, and rehabilitation science. The current collection provides new neuromechanical approaches addressing theoretical, methodological, and practical topics for facilitating motor recovery progress.

Public health & preventive medicine --- obesity --- gait --- adaptation --- rehabilitation --- resistance training --- arterial stiffness --- pulse wave velocity --- augmentation index --- H:M ratio --- Thomas test --- vertical jump --- Idiopathic Toe Walking --- fall risk --- foot contact dynamics --- foot initial contact --- push-off --- bilateral deficit --- postmenopausal --- hand-grip strength --- dominant hand --- pulse wave analysis --- chronic stroke --- bimanual movement --- bimanual force control --- affect --- physical fitness --- dance-based group exercise --- wearable technology --- smartwatch --- postural stability --- older adults --- stepping on a stair --- time to stabilization --- sedentary behavior --- core stabilization training --- neuromuscular properties --- muscle function --- knee --- neuromuscular control --- force control --- variability --- complexity --- asymmetry --- n/a

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Hypertension is a major health problem worldwide, increasing cardiovascular (CV) risk and mortality. Together with pharmacological treatments, non-pharmacological approaches, such as nutrient intake modifications, play an important role in optimizing treatment. A link has been demonstrated between hypertension and body weight as well as dietary habits. The aim of this Special Issue is to improve the understanding of the relationships between some nutrients and hypertension, and of the effects of different dietary approaches on hypertension regulation from different points of view.

arterial stiffness --- rest raw material --- n/a --- Ojeoksan --- adhesion molecule --- cardiovascular risk factors --- renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system --- menopause --- children --- Mediterranean Diet --- fat --- salt intake --- renal sympathetic nerve activity --- obesity --- atherosclerosis --- parathyroid function --- endothelial function --- blood pressure --- fish protein --- nitric oxide --- l-NAME --- pregnancy --- weight loss --- magnesium --- polyphenol --- sodium --- nutrition --- nitrite --- developmental programming --- potassium --- sodium intake --- elderly --- amino acids --- pulse wave velocity --- calcium intake --- electrolytes --- hesperidin --- salt-sensitivity --- cardiovascular remodeling --- inflammation --- vascular inflammation --- diet --- renal transporters --- tea secondary metabolites --- endothelium --- calcium --- vasodilation --- vitamin D --- meta-analysis --- fructose --- sympathetic activity --- physical activity --- reprogramming --- fish meal --- Post Exercise Hypotension --- high blood pressure --- cod --- hypertension --- humans --- oxidative stress

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD), including coronary artery disease, heart disease, arrhythmias, and other types of vascular diseases, is one of the leading causes of death around the world. It is estimated that approximately half of the variabilities of CVD appear to be attributed to genetics. Therefore, the other half of them have been attributed to acquired factors, including diet. It is of note that even a genetic predisposition to CVD can be canceled out by a healthy lifestyle. In this regard, it is important to acknowledge that acquired factors, including diet, are causally associated with CVD. Based on these facts, important papers are presented in this Special Issue entitled “The Effect of Diet on Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Disease, and Blood Vessels”.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids --- cardiovascular risk estimates --- cardiovascular diseases --- biomarkers --- cardiovascular risk factors --- fish --- n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid --- cardiovascular disease mortality --- meta-analysis --- prospective cohort studies --- body mass index --- obesity --- underweight --- ischemic stroke --- hemorrhagic stroke --- high-density lipoprotein (HDL) --- cholesterol uptake capacity (CUC) --- phospholipids (PL) --- trans-fatty acids (TFA) --- elaidic acid --- lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) --- aortic stiffness --- fructose --- glucose --- hypertension --- left ventricular diastolic dysfunction --- pulse wave velocity --- renal resistive index --- cardiovascular health --- atrial fibrillation --- Japanese --- sarcopenia --- heart failure --- trimethylamine-N-oxide --- inflammatory mediators --- choline --- L-carnitine --- n/a

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With a mean worldwide prevalence of 13%, chronic kidney disease imposes a massive health burden on our society. In addition to reduced kidney function, patients with chronic kidney disease increasingly suffer from cardiovascular diseases affecting the heart and vasculature. Cardiovascular diseases account for around half of the deaths of patients with advanced chronic kidney disease. However, therapeutic options are highly insufficient. The pathological mechanisms that underlie increased cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic kidney disease remain largely unknown. This Special Issue provides insights into comorbidities in CKD patients, mainly focused on increased cardiovascular risk, and summarizes current knowledge of underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.

arterial stiffness --- carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity --- hemodialysis --- p-cresyl sulfate --- uremic toxins --- arterial calcification --- lipid metabolism --- inflammation --- coagulation --- endothelial dysfunction --- epigenetics --- chronic kidney disease --- uremic cardiopathy --- left ventricular hypertrophy --- phosphate --- PTH --- FGF23 --- klotho --- sclerostin --- chronodisruption --- chronodisruptor --- circadian rhythm --- internal clock --- uremia --- uremic cardiomyopathy --- organ crosstalk --- cardiorenal syndrome --- left-ventricular hypertrophy --- heart failure --- cardiac fibrosis --- cardiovascular disease --- vascular calcification --- experimental rodent models --- FGFG23 --- Klotho --- Wnt/β-catenin --- CKD --- parathyroid hormone --- secondary hyperparathyroidism --- uremic toxin --- ageing --- end-stage kidney disease --- premature ageing --- senescence --- bone --- gut --- cardiovascular --- CKD–MBD --- comorbidity --- fibrosis --- calcification

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This special issue of JCM ‘The Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis’ will walk the Readers across novel diagnostic achievements in atherosclerosis and contemporary actions towards optimizing therapy.Everything begins with diagnosis. Accurate diagnostic tools and tests are of utmost importance. Contemporary research on microparticles, non-coding RNAs, proteomic characterization, …, offers detailed molecular characteristics of athero-thrombosis.Prevention is equally important as treatment. The impact of eating habits in prophylaxis of many pathologies, including cardiovascular disease has been documented.Then new pharmacological agents. Managing hypercholesterolemia with PCSK9 inhibitors, shown great potential in efficient lipid lowering to achieve LDL-C treatment goals, as well as reduction in cardiovascular mortality and morbidity.However, therapeutic goals accomplishment requires supervision. Arising number of data support that cardiovascular risk prediction can be improved with imaging modalities displaying atheroma: carotid plaque ultrasonography, coronary calcium score, intravascular ultrasonography, and optical coherent tomography or many others.As atherosclerosis is a progressive disease, it comes the time for more radical management, including endovascular and surgical intervention. There is field for new stent and equipment technologies, new surgical and endovascular techniques, supervision of endovascular procedures with IVUS, OCT, functional flow assessment or cell therapy.From diagnosis to risk stratification, elaborated prevention models, finally to modern and optimized therapeutic intervention.

Research & information: general --- familial hypercholesterolemia --- genetic screening --- atherosclerosis prevention --- early detection --- atherosclerosis --- cigarette smoking --- miR-27b --- peripheral artery disease --- subclinical atherosclerosis --- SCORE --- Framingham --- QRISK --- PROCAM --- cardiovascular risk --- pulse wave velocity --- intima media thickness --- malondialdehyde low-density lipoprotein --- high-risk plaque --- coronary computed tomography angiography --- statin --- cardiovascular risk factors --- heart failure --- major cardiac and cerebral ischemic events --- degenerative aortic stenosis --- risk stratification --- vascular resistance --- cardiovascular disease --- acute myocardial infarction --- intravascular imaging --- statins --- control-theoretic model --- logistic growth --- coronary artery disease --- fibrin clot --- fibrinolysis --- thromboembolism --- carotid intima-media complex --- carotid plaque --- major adverse cardiac and cerebral events --- prevention --- scores --- vitamin D --- myocardial infarction --- males --- Coronary Artery Surgery Study Score