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At the core of institutional theories, ‘values’ is a central term and figures in most definitions; however it remains understudied and under-explored. The editors of this open access book identify a resurgence of interest in the values-construct which underpins discussions of identity, ‘ethos’ and the purpose/nature of public and civic welfare provision. Considering the importance of values and values work to social, material and symbolic work in organizations, individual chapters explore values work as performed in organizations and by leaders. Focusing on practices of values work, the book applies and combines different theoretical lenses exemplified by the integration of institutional perspectives with micro-level perspectives and approaches. Harald Askeland is Professor of Organization and Management at VID Specialized University, Norway. His research interests span issues such as reform implementation, change management, leadership roles, and managerial work. He has edited books on leadership and values-based leadership and published articles in both national and international journals. Gry Espedal is Associate Professor at VID Specialized University, and holds a Master of Management. She researches values work in institutions and processes of institutionalization in organizations pressured by changing macro-contexts. She has published articles and books within values-based leadership, authentic leadership, values work, coaching and solution-focused approach. Beate Jelstad Løvaas is Associate Professor at VID Specialized University. She has published in national and international journals. Her current research interests include relational leadership, meaningful work and motivation, and the role of values in nonprofit organizations, and in the public and private sector. Stephen Sirris is Associate Professor and Head of the Master’s programme in Values-based leadership and Centre of Values-based Leadership and innovation at VID Specialized University, Oslo. He has published on leadership and organization in the third sector with an emphasis on religious organizations, volunteers, professionals and the role of values.

Organization. --- Planning. --- Leadership. --- Business Strategy/Leadership. --- Ability --- Command of troops --- Followership --- Creation (Literary, artistic, etc.) --- Executive ability --- Management --- Organization --- Organisation --- Business Strategy/Leadership --- Institutional Work --- Institutional Logics --- Hybrid Organization and Management --- Institutional Leadership --- Public Values --- Open Access --- Organizational theory & behaviour --- Business strategy

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How should a liberal democracy respond to hate groups and others that oppose the ideal of free and equal citizenship? The democratic state faces the hard choice of either protecting the rights of hate groups and allowing their views to spread, or banning their views and violating citizens' rights to freedoms of expression, association, and religion. Avoiding the familiar yet problematic responses to these issues, political theorist Corey Brettschneider proposes a new approach called value democracy. The theory of value democracy argues that the state should protect the right to express illiberal beliefs, but the state should also engage in democratic persuasion when it speaks through its various expressive capacities: publicly criticizing, and giving reasons to reject, hate-based or other discriminatory viewpoints. Distinguishing between two kinds of state action--expressive and coercive--Brettschneider contends that public criticism of viewpoints advocating discrimination based on race, gender, or sexual orientation should be pursued through the state's expressive capacities as speaker, educator, and spender. When the state uses its expressive capacities to promote the values of free and equal citizenship, it engages in democratic persuasion. By using democratic persuasion, the state can both respect rights and counter hateful or discriminatory viewpoints. Brettschneider extends this analysis from freedom of expression to the freedoms of religion and association, and he shows that value democracy can uphold the protection of these freedoms while promoting equality for all citizens.

Democracy. --- Freedom of speech. --- Self-government --- Political science --- Equality --- Representative government and representation --- Republics --- Free speech --- Freedom of speech --- Liberty of speech --- Speech, Freedom of --- Civil rights --- Freedom of expression --- Assembly, Right of --- Freedom of information --- Intellectual freedom --- Law and legislation --- citizens. --- civil society. --- democratic persuasion. --- democratic values. --- equal citizenship. --- equality. --- family values. --- free expression. --- free speech. --- freedom of expression. --- freedom of religion. --- freedom of speech. --- freedom. --- gender discrimination. --- hate groups. --- international law. --- liberal democracy. --- liberalism. --- non-profit status. --- public justification. --- public relevance. --- public values. --- publicly justifiable privacy. --- race discrimination. --- reflective revision. --- religious beliefs. --- religious freedom. --- state influence. --- state roles. --- state speech. --- state subsidy power. --- state transformation. --- state. --- value democracy. --- viewpoint neutrality.