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The book is part of the multidisciplinary research project Languages ​​of notarial mediation from the Middle Ages to the Modern Age (LIMEN) of the University of Milan. It collects the point of view of jurists: it is a journey through time, which ranges from the origins of the notarial function to the exercise of it in our time. The book highlights the evolution of the role of the notary in different ages and cultural contexts, a role which has always guaranteed trust and impartiality in the drafting and conservation of legal documents.The collection offers a 'evolving' representation of the tasks of notaries, starting from the assumption that the recovery of historical, legal and cultural roots can provide a key for the understanding of today's profession as well as some points of reflection for the future. Il volume nasce nell’ambito del progetto di ricerca multidisciplinare Linguag­gi della mediazione notarile tra Medioevo ed Età Moderna (LIMEN) dell’Università degli Studi di Milano. Esso rappresenta un momento di confronto dedicato ai giuristi: un percorso diacronico, che spazia dalle origini della funzione notarile all’esercizio di essa nel nostro tempo. Si coglie, così, la varietà delle risposte che, in contesti cronologici e culturali variabili, mettono al centro un soggetto, il notaio, che dia garanzie di affidamento e di terzietà nella redazione e nella conservazione degli atti giuridici.La raccolta offre una raffigurazione ‘in movimento’ dei compiti dei notai, nel­la convinzione che il recupero delle radici storico-giuridiche e culturali possa fornire una chiave di lettura anche all’odierna pratica della professione, oltre a qualche spunto di apertura alle sollecitazioni del futuro.

history of the notary --- public trust --- certifications --- document --- instrumentum --- Notaries

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The book is part of the multidisciplinary research project Languages ​​of notarial mediation from the Middle Ages to the Modern Age (LIMEN) of the University of Milan. It collects the point of view of jurists: it is a journey through time, which ranges from the origins of the notarial function to the exercise of it in our time. The book highlights the evolution of the role of the notary in different ages and cultural contexts, a role which has always guaranteed trust and impartiality in the drafting and conservation of legal documents.The collection offers a 'evolving' representation of the tasks of notaries, starting from the assumption that the recovery of historical, legal and cultural roots can provide a key for the understanding of today's profession as well as some points of reflection for the future. Il volume nasce nell’ambito del progetto di ricerca multidisciplinare Linguag­gi della mediazione notarile tra Medioevo ed Età Moderna (LIMEN) dell’Università degli Studi di Milano. Esso rappresenta un momento di confronto dedicato ai giuristi: un percorso diacronico, che spazia dalle origini della funzione notarile all’esercizio di essa nel nostro tempo. Si coglie, così, la varietà delle risposte che, in contesti cronologici e culturali variabili, mettono al centro un soggetto, il notaio, che dia garanzie di affidamento e di terzietà nella redazione e nella conservazione degli atti giuridici.La raccolta offre una raffigurazione ‘in movimento’ dei compiti dei notai, nel­la convinzione che il recupero delle radici storico-giuridiche e culturali possa fornire una chiave di lettura anche all’odierna pratica della professione, oltre a qualche spunto di apertura alle sollecitazioni del futuro.

Law --- history of the notary --- public trust --- certifications --- document --- instrumentum --- Notaries

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Scotland -- Act Appointing the Manner of Voting by Billets --- Scotland -- Act Concerning Persons to Be Excepted from Public Trust --- Scotland -- Politics and government -- 1660-1688

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This open access book offers unique insights into how governments and governing systems, particularly in advanced economies, have responded to the immense challenges of managing the coronavirus pandemic and the ensuing disease COVID-19. Written by three eminent scholars in the field of the politics and policy of crisis management, it offers a unique ‘bird’s eye’ view of the immense logistical and political challenges of addressing a worst-case scenario that would prove the ultimate stress test for societies, governments, governing institutions and political leaders. It examines how governments and governing systems have (i) made sense of emerging transboundary threats that have spilled across health, economic, political and social systems (ii) mobilised systems of governance and often fearful and sceptical citizens (iii) crafted narratives amid high uncertainty about the virus and its impact and (iv) are working towards closure and a return to ‘normal’ when things can never quite be the same again. The book also offers the building blocks of pathways to future resilience. Succeeding and failing in all these realms is tied in with governance structures, experts, trust, leadership capabilities and political ideologies. The book appeals to anyone seeking to understand ‘what’s going on?’, but particularly academics and students across multiple disciplines, journalists, public officials, politicians, non-governmental organisations and citizen groups.

Comparative politics --- Public administration --- Comparative Politics --- Public Policy --- Public Administration --- Open Access --- COVID-19 --- coronavirus --- pandemic --- crisis management --- crisis decision-making --- political theory --- crisis politics --- crisis exploitation --- policymaking --- institutional reform --- democratic governance --- transboundary crises --- crisis communication --- crisis narratives --- centralization --- effectiveness --- legitimacy --- leadership credibility --- public trust --- COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020 --- -Crisis management in government. --- Political aspects. --- COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020-2023 --- Crisis management in government.

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Social Trends in American Life assembles a team of leading researchers to provide unparalleled insight into how American social attitudes and behaviors have changed since the 1970's. Drawing on the General Social Survey--a social science project that has tracked demographic and attitudinal trends in the United States since 1972--it offers a window into diverse facets of American life, from intergroup relations to political views and orientations, social affiliations, and perceived well-being. Among the book's many important findings are the greater willingness of ordinary Americans to accord rights of free expression to unpopular groups, to endorse formal racial equality, and to accept nontraditional roles for women in the workplace, politics, and the family. Some, but not all, signs indicate that political conservatism has grown, while a few suggest that Republicans and Democrats are more polarized. Some forms of social connectedness such as neighboring have declined, as has confidence in government, while participation in organized religion has softened. Despite rising standards of living, American happiness levels have changed little, though financial and employment insecurity has risen over three decades. Social Trends in American Life provides an invaluable perspective on how Americans view their lives and their society, and on how these views have changed over the last two generations.

Social surveys --- Public opinion --- United States --- Social conditions. --- American South. --- American adults. --- American life. --- American public. --- First Amendment. --- General Social Survey. --- Protestants. --- Republicans. --- Southerners. --- U.S. society. --- adult intelligence. --- behavior. --- blacks. --- conservatism. --- conservatives. --- crime rates. --- education. --- egalitarianism. --- employee well-being. --- equal treatment. --- family income. --- female roles. --- free expression. --- gender roles. --- government programs. --- happiness levels. --- happiness. --- informal social connectedness. --- institutional confidence. --- interpersonal networks. --- job satisfaction. --- job security. --- labor force participation. --- liberals. --- moderates. --- national spending. --- nonconformity. --- organized religion. --- political attitude. --- political conservatism. --- precarious employment. --- public opinion. --- public trust. --- punishment. --- quality of life. --- race. --- racial attitudes. --- racial equality. --- religion. --- religious affiliation. --- religious diversity. --- religious organizations. --- religious rituals. --- social attitudes. --- social networks. --- social order. --- social trends. --- socializing. --- sociopolitical attitudes. --- test performance. --- tolerance. --- unemployment. --- verbal knowledge. --- vocabulary test. --- white Americans.