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Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases --- Esterases --- Hydrolases --- Enzymes --- Enzymes and Coenzymes --- Phosphoprotein Phosphatases --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Animal Biochemistry --- Casein Phosphatase --- Ecto-Phosphoprotein Phosphatase --- Nuclear Protein Phosphatase --- Phosphohistone Phosphatase --- Phosphoprotein Phosphatase-2C --- Phosphoseryl-Protein Phosphatase --- Protein Phosphatase C --- Protein Phosphatase C-I --- Protein Phosphatase C-II --- Protein Phosphatase H-II --- Protein-Serine-Threonine Phosphatase --- Protein-Threonine Phosphatase --- Serine-Threonine Phosphatase --- Threonine Phosphatase --- Phosphoprotein Phosphatase --- Phosphoprotein Phosphohydrolase --- Protein Phosphatases --- Ecto Phosphoprotein Phosphatase --- Phosphatase C, Protein --- Phosphatase C-I, Protein --- Phosphatase C-II, Protein --- Phosphatase H-II, Protein --- Phosphatase, Casein --- Phosphatase, Ecto-Phosphoprotein --- Phosphatase, Nuclear Protein --- Phosphatase, Phosphohistone --- Phosphatase, Phosphoprotein --- Phosphatase, Phosphoseryl-Protein --- Phosphatase, Protein-Serine-Threonine --- Phosphatase, Protein-Threonine --- Phosphatase, Serine-Threonine --- Phosphatase, Threonine --- Phosphatase-2C, Phosphoprotein --- Phosphatases, Phosphoprotein --- Phosphatases, Protein --- Phosphohydrolase, Phosphoprotein --- Phosphoprotein Phosphatase 2C --- Phosphoseryl Protein Phosphatase --- Protein Phosphatase C I --- Protein Phosphatase C II --- Protein Phosphatase H II --- Protein Phosphatase, Nuclear --- Protein Serine Threonine Phosphatase --- Protein Threonine Phosphatase --- Serine Threonine Phosphatase --- Coenzymes and Enzymes --- Biocatalysts --- Phosphatases --- Phosphohydrolases --- Phosphomonoesterases --- Hydrolases, Phosphoric Monoester

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Gibberellins (GAs) and abscisic acid (ABA) are two phytohormones that antagonistically regulate plant growth, as well as several developmental processes from seed maturation and germination to flowering time, through hypocotyl elongation and root growth. In general, ABA and GAs inhibit and promote cell elongation and growth, respectively. Consequently, this mutual antagonism between GAs and ABA governs many developmental decisions in plants. In addition to its role as a growth and development modulator, ABA is primarily known for being a major player in the response and adaptation of plants to diverse abiotic stress conditions, including cold, heat, drought, salinity and flooding. Remarkably, different works have also recently pointed to a function for GAs in the control of some biological processes in response to stress. The selection of research and review papers of this book, mostly focused on ABA, covers a wide range of topics related to the most recent advances in the molecular mechanisms of ABA and GA functions in plants.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- particle film technology --- xanthophylls --- VAZ cycle --- drought --- Vitis vinifera L. --- abscisic acid --- ABA --- ethylene --- pathogens --- plant immunity --- PYR1 --- salicylic acid --- Arabidopsis thaliana --- cell expansion --- gibberellins --- hypocotyl growth --- transcriptomic analysis --- plant hormones --- plant size --- receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase --- skotomorphogenesis --- Mediator complex --- transcription --- ABA signaling --- abiotic stress response --- grapevine --- stomata --- metabolism --- carbohydrates --- salinity --- chromatin remodeling --- guard cell --- osmotic stress --- protein phosphatase 2C --- stress memory --- transgenerational inheritance --- abscisic acid (ABA) --- flowering time --- Arabidopsis --- drought escape --- bZIP --- GIGANTEA --- CONSTANS --- FLOWERING LOCUS T --- FD --- citrus --- fruit maturation --- hormonal interplay --- sugars --- particle film technology --- xanthophylls --- VAZ cycle --- drought --- Vitis vinifera L. --- abscisic acid --- ABA --- ethylene --- pathogens --- plant immunity --- PYR1 --- salicylic acid --- Arabidopsis thaliana --- cell expansion --- gibberellins --- hypocotyl growth --- transcriptomic analysis --- plant hormones --- plant size --- receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase --- skotomorphogenesis --- Mediator complex --- transcription --- ABA signaling --- abiotic stress response --- grapevine --- stomata --- metabolism --- carbohydrates --- salinity --- chromatin remodeling --- guard cell --- osmotic stress --- protein phosphatase 2C --- stress memory --- transgenerational inheritance --- abscisic acid (ABA) --- flowering time --- Arabidopsis --- drought escape --- bZIP --- GIGANTEA --- CONSTANS --- FLOWERING LOCUS T --- FD --- citrus --- fruit maturation --- hormonal interplay --- sugars

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Recently, stem cells have been drawing increasing interest in basic and translational research that aims to understand stem cell biology and generate new therapies for various disorders. Many stem cells can be cultured in 2D relatively easily using tissue culture plastic. However, many of these cultures do not represent the natural conditions of stem cells in the body. In the body, microenvironments include numerous supporting cells and molecules. Therefore, researchers and clinicians have sought ideal stem cell preparations for basic research and clinical applications, which may be attainable through 3D culture of stem cells. The 3D cultures mimic the conditions of the natural environment of stem cells better, as cells in 3D cultures exhibit many unique and desirable characteristics that could be beneficial for therapeutic interventions. 3D stem cell cultures may employ supporting structures, such as various matrices or scaffolds, in addition to stem cells, to support complex structures. This book brings together recent research on 3D cultures of various stem cells to increase the basic understanding of stem cell culture techniques and also to highlight stem cell preparations for possible novel therapeutic applications.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- hematopoiesis --- hematopoietic stem cells --- stem cell culture --- 2D culture --- 3D culture --- embryonic stem cells --- three-dimensional --- self-assembling scaffold --- pluripotency --- culture conditions --- expansion --- growth --- niche --- human cortical progenitors --- silicon pillars --- cell growth --- hiPSC-derived neural progenitors --- cerebral cortex --- carcinogen --- protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) --- intestinal tumor --- intestinal organoid --- Lgr5+ crypt stem cell --- mouse embryonic stem cell --- differentiation protocol --- ureteric bud progenitor cells --- 3D kidney organoids --- intestinal organoids --- canine intestine --- differentiation --- organoid culture --- induced pluripotent stem cells --- neurospheres --- neurite outgrowth --- neurotoxicity --- hBM-MSCs --- cytokines --- tenogenic markers --- cyclic strain --- 3D microenvironment --- PLGA carriers --- bioreactor --- cardiac microtissues --- iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes --- cardiac fibroblasts --- cardiac fibrosis --- cardiac rhythm --- TGF-β signalling --- drug screening --- in vitro model --- stem cell --- 3D --- culture condition --- regenerative medicine --- scaffold --- organoid --- adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells --- stromal vascular fraction --- platelet rich plasma --- platelet concentrates --- veterinary regenerative medicine --- hematopoiesis --- hematopoietic stem cells --- stem cell culture --- 2D culture --- 3D culture --- embryonic stem cells --- three-dimensional --- self-assembling scaffold --- pluripotency --- culture conditions --- expansion --- growth --- niche --- human cortical progenitors --- silicon pillars --- cell growth --- hiPSC-derived neural progenitors --- cerebral cortex --- carcinogen --- protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) --- intestinal tumor --- intestinal organoid --- Lgr5+ crypt stem cell --- mouse embryonic stem cell --- differentiation protocol --- ureteric bud progenitor cells --- 3D kidney organoids --- intestinal organoids --- canine intestine --- differentiation --- organoid culture --- induced pluripotent stem cells --- neurospheres --- neurite outgrowth --- neurotoxicity --- hBM-MSCs --- cytokines --- tenogenic markers --- cyclic strain --- 3D microenvironment --- PLGA carriers --- bioreactor --- cardiac microtissues --- iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes --- cardiac fibroblasts --- cardiac fibrosis --- cardiac rhythm --- TGF-β signalling --- drug screening --- in vitro model --- stem cell --- 3D --- culture condition --- regenerative medicine --- scaffold --- organoid --- adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells --- stromal vascular fraction --- platelet rich plasma --- platelet concentrates --- veterinary regenerative medicine

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Advancements in high-throughput “Omics” techniques have revolutionized plant molecular biology research. Proteomics offers one of the best options for the functional analysis of translated regions of the genome, generating a wealth of detailed information regarding the intrinsic mechanisms of plant stress responses. Various proteomic approaches are being exploited extensively for elucidating master regulator proteins which play key roles in stress perception and signaling, and these approaches largely involve gel-based and gel-free techniques, including both label-based and label-free protein quantification. Furthermore, post-translational modifications, subcellular localization, and protein–protein interactions provide deeper insight into protein molecular function. Their diverse applications contribute to the revelation of new insights into plant molecular responses to various biotic and abiotic stressors.

14-3-3 proteins --- n/a --- targeted two-dimensional electrophoresis --- somatic embryogenesis --- nitrogen metabolism --- subtilase --- Sporisorium scitamineum --- non-orthodox seed --- antioxidant activity --- sweet potato plants infected by SPFMV --- photosynthesis --- B. acuminata petals --- chlorophyll deficiency --- seed proteomics --- imbibition --- pollination --- Sarpo Mira --- qRT-PCR --- holm oak --- tuber phosphoproteome --- isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) --- Quercus ilex --- nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase --- lettuce --- ?-subunit --- protein phosphatase --- germination --- drought stress --- pyruvate biosynthesis --- weakening of carbon metabolism --- differential proteins --- heterotrimeric G protein --- organ --- LC-MS-based proteomics --- potato proteomics --- smut --- gel-free/label-free proteomics --- ? subunit --- shotgun proteomics --- 2D --- chloroplast --- proteome functional annotation --- Phalaenopsis --- Clematis terniflora DC. --- wheat --- Dn1-1 --- carbon metabolism --- physiological responses --- Zea mays --- phenylpropanoid biosynthesis --- ISR --- mass spectrometric analysis --- patatin --- leaf --- pea (Pisum sativum L.) --- maize --- ergosterol --- Camellia sinensis --- seed storage proteins --- silver nanoparticles --- elevated CO2 --- metacaspase --- SPV2 and SPVG --- SnRK1 --- MALDI-TOF/TOF --- (phospho)-proteomics --- leaf spot --- rice isogenic line --- wheat leaf rust --- pathway analysis --- phosphoproteome --- sugarcane --- senescence --- Oryza sativa L. --- Arabidopsis thaliana --- heat stress --- gene ontology --- innate immunity --- Pseudomonas syringae --- bolting --- chlorophylls --- shoot --- Simmondsia chinensis --- RT-qPCR --- stresses responses --- Solanum tuberosum --- seeds --- GC-TOF-MS --- sucrose --- proteome --- Puccinia recondita --- cultivar --- Zea mays L. --- secondary metabolism --- ROS --- Ricinus communis L. --- after-ripening --- cadmium --- Stagonospora nodorum --- virus induced gene silencing --- quantitative proteomics --- sweet potato plants non-infected by SPFMV --- affinity chromatography --- population variability --- GS3 --- fungal perception --- ammonium --- transcriptome profiling --- mass spectrometry analysis --- papain-like cysteine protease (PLCP) --- cold stress --- nitrate --- late blight disease --- early and late disease stages --- seed imbibition --- lesion mimic mutant --- protease --- proteome map --- seed dormancy --- petal --- 2-DE proteomics --- 2D DIGE --- root --- Phytophthora infestans --- differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) --- polyphenol oxidase --- degradome --- flavonoid --- 14-3-3 --- caspase-like --- proteomics --- RGG4 --- co-infection --- plasma membrane --- chlorotic mutation --- Medicago sativa --- RGG3 --- glycolysis --- barley --- 2-DE --- protein phosphorylation --- western blotting --- N utilization efficiency --- rice --- plant pathogenesis responses --- high temperature --- data-independent acquisition --- pattern recognition receptors --- vegetative storage proteins --- leaf cell wall proteome --- plant-derived smoke --- iTRAQ --- starch --- proteome profiling --- Morus