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Since last year, John Cockerill has undertaken the analysis of the interest that blockchain could hold for the group beyond the hype surrounding the technology. From the acquired knowledge and identified use cases, a focus on the use of blockchain to support microgrids’ information systems is envisioned.
This work revolves around three main axes: identifying and assessing economic models for microgrids considering blockchain technology, conducting an in-depth legal analysis of smart contracts anchored in the Belgian context, and developing a proof-of-concept that puts into action some of the precited aspects.
The first two aspects of the thesis are approached thanks to a literature review. Firstly, establishing a legal contract between the microgrid members to rule energy trading has not been considered among the models suggested by various authors, as well as in existing blockchain-based microgrid projects. We therefore introduce a simple priority-based model to start the reflection on the matter. Secondly, legal considerations are discussed to evaluate whether a smart contract could be considered as a validly formed contract; its probative value is also assessed.
A proof-of-concept has been successfully developed. This sets up an Hyperledger Fabric blockchain network, whose peers are materialized by Raspberry Pi devices, on which a smart contract is deployed. The latter enables energy exchanges between the members of the microgrid according to the business logic proposed by the model we have defined.

Blockchain --- Distributed Ledger Technology --- Hyperledger Fabric --- Microgrid --- Proof-of-Concept --- Smart Contracts --- John Cockerill --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Stratégie & innovation --- Ingénierie, informatique & technologie > Sciences informatiques --- Droit, criminologie & sciences politiques > Droit civil --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Multidisciplinaire, généralités & autres

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Long description: Der Einstieg in die Additive Fertigung (AM) von Serien- und Endkundenteilen ist für viele Unternehmen eine Herausforderung: Standards, Dimensionierungsgrundlagen, Konstruktionsmethoden, technisch-wirtschaftliche Berechnungsgrundlagen, CAD-Tools und Erfahrung für die Entwicklung von additiven Serien- und Endkundenteilen existieren zum Großteil noch nicht oder sind wenig etabliert. Industrieunternehmen, die das Ziel haben, additiv gefertigte Endkundenteile zu entwickeln, sehen sich schnell ähnlichen Fragestellungen gegenüber. Mit praxisorientierten Methoden und Beispielen greift das Buch diese Fragen auf: Welche AM-Verfahren gibt es und welche eignen sich für industrielle Endkundenbauteile? (Kap. 2) Wie können AM-Verfahren mit konventioneller Fertigung kombiniert werden? (Kap. 3) Wie sieht die digitale Prozesskette aus? (Kap. 4) Welche Qualität haben AM-Bauteile und wie kann sie geprüft werden? (Kap. 5) Wie sieht die Kostenstruktur von AM-Bauteilen aus? (Kap. 6) Was sind etablierte Anwendungsfelder für AM? (Kap.7) Wie können potentialträchtige Bauteile und Anwendungsfelder der AM identifiziert werden? (Kap. 8) Wie werden Bauteile für AM optimal konstruiert? (Kap. 9) Was sind Beispiele von erfolgreich implementierten AM-Endkundenbauteilen? (Kap. 10) Wie sehen die Schritte aus, mit denen sich AM erfolgreich im Unternehmen implementieren lässt? (Kap. 11) Das Buch ist ein Grundlagenwerk für die industrielle Entwicklung und Konstruktion von additiv gefertigten Serien und Endkundenteilen, indem es praxisgerecht Methoden und Wissen bereitstellt, die eine erfolgreiche Implementierung additiver Verfahren in Unternehmen unterstützen. Neben neuen Methoden und Vorgehensweisen zeigt das Buch anschaulich Möglichkeiten der Implementierung anhand einer Vielzahl von erfolgreichen Produktbeispielen aus der Industrie. Long description: Dieses Grundlagenwerk für die industrielle Entwicklung und Konstruktion von additiv gefertigten Serien- und Endkundenteilen stellt praxisgerecht neue Methoden, Wissen und Vorgehensweisen bereit, die eine erfolgreiche Implementierung additiver Verfahren in Unternehmen unterstützen.

Entwicklung --- Kosten --- Konstruktion --- FEM-Analyse --- Leichtbau --- Anwendungsfelder --- Photogrammetrie --- Additive Manufacturing --- Lasersintern --- Strukturmodell --- 3d druck --- 3 D -CAD -Modell --- 3D-CAD-Modell --- 3D-Datenerzeugung --- 3D-Datenmodell --- 3D-Scannen --- 3MF-Dateiformat --- AMF-Format --- Additive Fertigungsverfahren --- Anisotropie --- Bauraumorientierung --- Bauteilorientierung --- Binder Jetting (BJ) --- Bridge Manufacturing --- CLI-Format --- Complexity for Free --- Customization --- Elektronenstrahlschmelzen --- Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) --- Gestaltungsleitfaden --- Gitterstrukturen --- Hilfsgeometrien --- Hülle-Kern-Strategie --- Laserscanner --- Laserschmelzen --- Losgrößenunabhängigkeit --- Material Jetting (MJ) --- NURBS --- Photopolymere Jetting (PJ) --- Potentialcluster --- Prinzip des Materialminimalismus --- Proof of concept-Prototyp --- Prozesskette --- Pulverentfernung --- Punktewolke --- Reverse Engineering --- SIMP-Verfahren --- SLM-Bauteil --- STL-Format --- Schichtdaten --- Selective Laser Melting (SLM) --- Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) --- Slicen --- Stereolithografie --- Strategische Implementierung --- Streifenlichtscanner --- Stützstrukturen --- Supportstrukturen --- Topologieoptimierung --- User-experience Prototyp --- Visualisierungsmodell --- Voxel --- generativen Fertigungsverfahren --- pulverbettbasierten Verfahren --- virtueller Bauraum

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This Special Issue book contains selected papers from works presented at the 10th EASN (European Aeronautics Science Network) International Conference on Innovation in Aviation & Space, which was held from the 2nd until the 4th of September, 2020. About 350 remote participants contributed to a high-level scientific gathering providing some of the latest research results on the topic, as well as some of the latest relevant technological advancements. Eleven interesting articles, which cover a wide range of topics including characterization, analysis and design, as well as numerical simulation, are contained in this Special Issue.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- boarding --- simulation --- cabin --- aircraft --- passenger --- movement --- Covid-19 --- turbofan --- unmanned aerial vehicles --- cruise missile --- aerial target --- axial compressor --- blade --- titanium alloy --- aluminium alloy --- titanium aluminide --- safety factor --- thermal management --- hybrid-electric aircraft --- ram air-based cooling --- compact heat exchangers --- meredith effect --- aircraft air quality --- adaptive ECS --- subject testing --- boundary layer ingestion --- propulsive fuselage --- wake-filling --- turbo-electric --- proof-of-concept --- wind tunnel --- fan rig --- multi-disciplinary aircraft design --- collaborative research --- microturbine --- sustainable aviation fuel --- ATJ --- HEFA --- emissions --- alternative fuel --- biocomponent --- combustion --- fuel blend --- drop-in fuel --- synthesized kerosene --- cargo fire protection --- fire suppression --- testing --- iron bird --- hydraulic system --- flight simulator --- force control --- PID control --- unmanned aircraft --- thrust determination --- flight testing --- e-Genius-Mod --- free-flight wind tunnel --- hybrid-electric propulsion --- regional air travel --- alternate airports --- top-level aircraft requirements --- figures of merit --- aircraft design --- aircraft structure --- strut-braced wing --- parametric modeling --- decomposition principles --- strength analysis --- finite element method (FEM) --- doublet lattice method --- four-level approach --- boarding --- simulation --- cabin --- aircraft --- passenger --- movement --- Covid-19 --- turbofan --- unmanned aerial vehicles --- cruise missile --- aerial target --- axial compressor --- blade --- titanium alloy --- aluminium alloy --- titanium aluminide --- safety factor --- thermal management --- hybrid-electric aircraft --- ram air-based cooling --- compact heat exchangers --- meredith effect --- aircraft air quality --- adaptive ECS --- subject testing --- boundary layer ingestion --- propulsive fuselage --- wake-filling --- turbo-electric --- proof-of-concept --- wind tunnel --- fan rig --- multi-disciplinary aircraft design --- collaborative research --- microturbine --- sustainable aviation fuel --- ATJ --- HEFA --- emissions --- alternative fuel --- biocomponent --- combustion --- fuel blend --- drop-in fuel --- synthesized kerosene --- cargo fire protection --- fire suppression --- testing --- iron bird --- hydraulic system --- flight simulator --- force control --- PID control --- unmanned aircraft --- thrust determination --- flight testing --- e-Genius-Mod --- free-flight wind tunnel --- hybrid-electric propulsion --- regional air travel --- alternate airports --- top-level aircraft requirements --- figures of merit --- aircraft design --- aircraft structure --- strut-braced wing --- parametric modeling --- decomposition principles --- strength analysis --- finite element method (FEM) --- doublet lattice method --- four-level approach

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Modern power and energy systems are characterized by the wide integration of distributed generation, storage and electric vehicles, adoption of ICT solutions, and interconnection of different energy carriers and consumer engagement, posing new challenges and creating new opportunities. Advanced testing and validation methods are needed to efficiently validate power equipment and controls in the contemporary complex environment and support the transition to a cleaner and sustainable energy system. Real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation has proven to be an effective method for validating and de-risking power system equipment in highly realistic, flexible, and repeatable conditions. Controller hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) and power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) are the two main HIL simulation methods used in industry and academia that contribute to system-level testing enhancement by exploiting the flexibility of digital simulations in testing actual controllers and power equipment. This book addresses recent advances in real-time HIL simulation in several domains (also in new and promising areas), including technique improvements to promote its wider use. It is composed of 14 papers dealing with advances in HIL testing of power electronic converters, power system protection, modeling for real-time digital simulation, co-simulation, geographically distributed HIL, and multiphysics HIL, among other topics.

Technology: general issues --- design methodology --- FPGA --- hardware in the loop --- LabVIEW --- real-time simulation --- power converters --- HIL --- CHIL --- integrated laboratories --- real-time communication platform --- power system testing --- co-simulation --- geographically distributed simulations --- power system protection and control --- holistic testing --- lab testing --- field testing --- PHIL --- PSIL --- pre-certification --- smart grids --- standards --- replica controller --- TCSC --- DPT --- testing --- control and protection --- large-scale power system --- voltage regulation --- distribution system --- power hardware-in-the-loop --- distributed energy resources --- extremum seeking control --- particle swarm optimization --- state estimation --- reactive power support --- volt–VAR --- model-based design --- multi physics simulation --- marine propulsion --- ship dynamic --- DC microgrid --- shipboard power systems --- under-frequency load shedding --- intelligent electronic device --- proof of concept --- hardware-in-the-loop testing --- real-time digital simulator --- frequency stability margin --- rate-of-change-of-frequency --- geographically distributed real-time simulation --- remote power hardware-in-the-Loop --- grid-forming converter --- hardware-in-the-loop --- simulation fidelity --- energy-based metric --- energy residual --- quasi-stationary --- Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) --- Control HIL (CHIL) --- Power HIL (PHIL) --- testing of smart grid technologies --- power electronics --- shifted frequency analysis --- dynamic phasors --- real-time hybrid-simulator (RTHS) --- hybrid simulation --- hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) --- dynamic performance test (DPT) --- real-time simulator (RTS) --- testing of replicas --- multi-rate simulation --- EMT --- control --- inverters --- inverter-dominated grids --- power system transients --- predictive control --- hydro-electric plant --- variable speed operation --- ‘Hill Charts’ --- reduced-scale model --- testing and validation

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Integrating biomass production of short rotation woody crops (SRWCs), with their use in environmental applications to produce income, sequester carbon, and clean the environment, provides an opportunity to enhance livelihoods and increase ecosystem services in rural and urban communities. This book consists of 20 papers from the special issue on the Growth and Development of SRWCs for Rural and Urban Applications highlighting four genera (Phalaris L., Populus L., Robinia L., Salix L.) from 13 countries. In addition to the development and management of a Salix cultivar database, rural and urban applications represented in the book included: a) forest buffers, b) forest health screening, c) phytoremediation, d) short rotation coppice, e) volume production, and f) wastewater reuse.

cutback --- mulch --- Salix --- short-rotation coppice --- weed control --- woody biomass --- intensive silviculture --- Populus maximowiczii × P. deltoides × P. trichocarpa --- fast-growing tree species --- severe soil disturbance --- foliar nutrition --- soil inorganic N --- deer browsing --- short rotation coppice --- yield loss --- bioenergy plantation --- Populus --- renewable energy --- Populus × euramericana --- Lonsdalea populi --- canker diseases --- poplar diseases --- bacterial canker of poplars --- die-back of poplars --- MLSA --- short rotation coppice (SRC) --- biomass --- white poplar --- black locust --- monocultures --- mixture --- leaf litter --- SRC (Short Rotation Coppice) --- short rotation woody crops --- sustainability --- Mediterranean conditions --- management --- review --- fuelwood --- seasoning --- log diameter --- splitting --- heating value --- moisture content --- agroforestry --- red maple --- white ash --- trembling aspen --- fast growing trees --- poplar hybrids --- poplar clones --- tree height --- DBH --- stem volume --- yield --- Kyrgyzstan --- Kazakhstan --- Tajikistan --- ecosystem services --- multi-environmental trials (MET) --- phenotypic plasticity --- phyto buffers --- phyto-recurrent selection --- phytotechnologies --- poplars --- effluent water treatment --- short rotation coppice willow --- irrigation --- growth response --- biomass crops --- mineral content --- tree growth --- tree biomass --- volume forest stand --- thickness classes --- clonal selection --- genotype × environment (G × E) interactions --- evapotranspirative willow system --- resource recovery --- sustainable wastewater treatment --- oil sands reclamation --- end-pit lake --- balsam poplar --- salt tolerance --- Populus sp. --- bioenergy --- SRC --- financial analysis --- break-even-point --- net present value --- proof-of-concept: use case --- spreadsheet --- CSV file --- SQL --- database --- data integrity --- GitHub --- Linux --- poplar --- salt stress --- gene expression analyses --- radical scavenger capacity --- osmolytes --- cottonwood leaf beetle (Chrysomela scripta) --- stand density --- fertilizer application --- soil quality --- Melampsora rust --- energy crops --- land use --- reed canary grass (RCG) --- Phalaris arundinacea L. --- n/a