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Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most aggressive form of lung cancer: No significant progress has been made in finding new treatments for decades and platinum-based chemotherapy has for a long time represented the standard of care. This therapeutic scenario has recently changed, thanks to positive results in terms of improvement of overall survival obtained with a combination of checkpoint inhibitors (atezolizumab or durvalumab) with platinum-etoposide in patients with extensive disease. Moreover, nivolumab and pembrolizumab showed antitumor activity and received U.S. FDA approval as single agents in patients pretreated with platinum-based therapy and at least one other therapy. The improvement in the knowledge of the biology of SCLC has led to the development of new experimental therapies that have shown promising results, including poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, anti-Notch ligand Delta-like protein 3 (anti-DLL3), antibody–drug conjugates, and aurora kinase inhibitors. Future challenges are the identification of predictive biomarkers for immunotherapy, the definition of the role of new biological agents, and the improvement of integrated approached for limited disease. This Special Issue will highlight the current state of treatment of extensive SCLC, focusing on the biology of SCLC, immune-checkpoint inhibitors, PARP inhibitors, and novel cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiotherapy techniques.

Medicine --- immune checkpoint inhibitors --- extensive-stage small cell lung cancer --- nivolumab --- ipilimumab --- pembrolizumab --- atezolizumab --- durvalumab --- chemotherapy --- small-cell lung cancer --- lobectomy --- pneumonectomy --- radiotherapy --- multimodal treatment --- immunotherapy --- SCLC --- PARP --- DDR --- ICB --- synthetic lethality --- SLFN11 --- STING --- pathology and classification of SCLC --- biology of SCLC --- immune-checkpoint inhibitors in SCLC --- small cell lung cancer --- Immunotherapy --- extensive disease --- lurbinectedin --- gene pathway --- pathobiology --- targeted therapy --- circulating tumor cells --- prognostic biomarker --- targeted agents --- immune checkpoint inhibitors --- extensive-stage small cell lung cancer --- nivolumab --- ipilimumab --- pembrolizumab --- atezolizumab --- durvalumab --- chemotherapy --- small-cell lung cancer --- lobectomy --- pneumonectomy --- radiotherapy --- multimodal treatment --- immunotherapy --- SCLC --- PARP --- DDR --- ICB --- synthetic lethality --- SLFN11 --- STING --- pathology and classification of SCLC --- biology of SCLC --- immune-checkpoint inhibitors in SCLC --- small cell lung cancer --- Immunotherapy --- extensive disease --- lurbinectedin --- gene pathway --- pathobiology --- targeted therapy --- circulating tumor cells --- prognostic biomarker --- targeted agents

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MicroRNAs are the best representatives of the non-coding part of the genome and their functions are mostly linked to their target genes. During the process of carcinogenesis, both dysregulation of microRNAs and their target genes can explain the development of the disease. However, most of the target genes of microRNAs have not yet been elucidated. In this book, we add new information related to the functions of microRNAs in various tumors and their associated targetome.

miR526b --- miR655 --- breast cancer --- angiogenesis --- lymphangiogenesis --- EP4 --- PI3K/Akt --- microRNA-361 --- EMT --- tumor microenvironment --- cancer diagnosis --- cancer treatment --- Bladder cancer --- microRNA --- genetic marker --- progression --- ccRCC --- prognostic biomarker --- miRNA --- transcription factor --- interplay --- microRNAs --- exosomes --- liquid biopsy --- metastasis --- cancer --- liquid biopsies --- tumor --- SNAIL (SNAI1) transcription factor --- epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) --- long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) --- circular RNAs --- viral miRNAs --- EBV --- HHV-8 --- HPV --- HCV --- HBV --- MCPyV --- glioblastoma --- MGMT --- survival --- radiotherapy --- chemotherapy --- temozolomide --- translational medicine --- oncomiRNA --- post-transcriptional regulation --- immune regulation --- adrenocortical carcinoma --- micro RNA --- non-coding RNA --- thyroid carcinoma --- radioactive iodine --- drug resistance --- prognosis --- Burkitt lymphoma --- miR-378a-3p --- cell growth --- pancreatic cancer --- radioresistance --- personalized medicine --- biomarker --- target --- n/a

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MicroRNAs are the best representatives of the non-coding part of the genome and their functions are mostly linked to their target genes. During the process of carcinogenesis, both dysregulation of microRNAs and their target genes can explain the development of the disease. However, most of the target genes of microRNAs have not yet been elucidated. In this book, we add new information related to the functions of microRNAs in various tumors and their associated targetome.

Medicine --- Oncology --- miR526b --- miR655 --- breast cancer --- angiogenesis --- lymphangiogenesis --- EP4 --- PI3K/Akt --- microRNA-361 --- EMT --- tumor microenvironment --- cancer diagnosis --- cancer treatment --- Bladder cancer --- microRNA --- genetic marker --- progression --- ccRCC --- prognostic biomarker --- miRNA --- transcription factor --- interplay --- microRNAs --- exosomes --- liquid biopsy --- metastasis --- cancer --- liquid biopsies --- tumor --- SNAIL (SNAI1) transcription factor --- epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) --- long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) --- circular RNAs --- viral miRNAs --- EBV --- HHV-8 --- HPV --- HCV --- HBV --- MCPyV --- glioblastoma --- MGMT --- survival --- radiotherapy --- chemotherapy --- temozolomide --- translational medicine --- oncomiRNA --- post-transcriptional regulation --- immune regulation --- adrenocortical carcinoma --- micro RNA --- non-coding RNA --- thyroid carcinoma --- radioactive iodine --- drug resistance --- prognosis --- Burkitt lymphoma --- miR-378a-3p --- cell growth --- pancreatic cancer --- radioresistance --- personalized medicine --- biomarker --- target --- miR526b --- miR655 --- breast cancer --- angiogenesis --- lymphangiogenesis --- EP4 --- PI3K/Akt --- microRNA-361 --- EMT --- tumor microenvironment --- cancer diagnosis --- cancer treatment --- Bladder cancer --- microRNA --- genetic marker --- progression --- ccRCC --- prognostic biomarker --- miRNA --- transcription factor --- interplay --- microRNAs --- exosomes --- liquid biopsy --- metastasis --- cancer --- liquid biopsies --- tumor --- SNAIL (SNAI1) transcription factor --- epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) --- long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) --- circular RNAs --- viral miRNAs --- EBV --- HHV-8 --- HPV --- HCV --- HBV --- MCPyV --- glioblastoma --- MGMT --- survival --- radiotherapy --- chemotherapy --- temozolomide --- translational medicine --- oncomiRNA --- post-transcriptional regulation --- immune regulation --- adrenocortical carcinoma --- micro RNA --- non-coding RNA --- thyroid carcinoma --- radioactive iodine --- drug resistance --- prognosis --- Burkitt lymphoma --- miR-378a-3p --- cell growth --- pancreatic cancer --- radioresistance --- personalized medicine --- biomarker --- target

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In this book, we collected scientific articles, including reviews and research articles, showcasing the lastest literature on the importance of biochemical biomarkers in the management of neurodegenerative diseases, from screening to diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.

GLUT3 --- cerebral ischemia --- MCAO --- resveratrol --- astrocytes --- AMPK --- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis --- GSK3β --- neurodegenerative disease --- PD --- Arylsulfatase A --- lysosomes --- GWAS --- Gaucher’s disease --- prognostic biomarker --- focused ultrasound --- MR-guided focused ultrasound --- high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation --- magnetic resonance imaging --- image quality --- stereotaxic techniques --- essential tremor --- Alzheimer’s disease --- amyloid precursor protein --- Tyr682 residue --- YENPTY motif --- Fyn tyrosine kinase --- amyloid beta --- ALS --- biomarker --- beta amyloid --- AD --- biomarkers --- SARS-CoV-2 --- neuroinflammation --- neurodegenerative nisease --- nervous system --- Alzheimer’s Disease --- Vitamin D --- 25(OH)D levels --- Vitamin D deficiency --- inherited neuromuscular disorders --- rare diseases --- multiple sclerosis --- genetic --- polymorphisms --- FOXP3 --- GATA3 --- vitamin D --- neuromelanin --- nigrosome-1 --- iron --- radiomics --- neurodegenerative diseases --- Parkinson’s disease --- parkinsonian disorders --- n/a --- Gaucher's disease --- Alzheimer's disease --- Alzheimer's Disease --- Parkinson's disease

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This book includes 17 papers published in the Special Issue/Article Collection “New Insights in the Genetics and Genomics of adrenocortical tumors and pheochromocytomas” including an editorial, 10 research papers and six review articles. Adrenal tumors represent a hot topic in contemporary endocrine oncology. Significant advancements in the genetics of genomics of these tumors have been made in recent years, and these articles give a useful and comprehensive overview of these issues. Questions regarding molecular pathogenesis, diagnosis (biomarkers) and even treatment are discussed in the papers written by international leaders of the field. Manuscripts are focused on three main topics: i. primary aldosteronism (the most common cause of secondary endocrine hypertension), ii. adrenocortical cancer and iii. pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma, which are the tumors with the highest heritability in humans. The book is edited by Prof. Peter Igaz (Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University).

pheochromocytoma --- paraganglioma --- genetics --- non-coding RNA --- malignancy --- biomarker --- treatment --- adaptive metabolism --- adrenal gland --- conn adenoma --- fatty acid metabolism --- ferroptosis --- hyperaldosteronism --- metabolic reprogramming --- β-oxidation --- PPARα --- tumor microenvironment --- Next Generation Sequencing --- hereditary cancer --- endocrine tumor syndrome --- KCNJ5 somatic mutation --- pulse wave velocity --- aldosterone-producing adenoma --- adrenalectomy --- propensity score matching --- arterial stiffness --- pheochromocytomas --- paragangliomas --- mutations --- susceptibility genes --- driver mutations --- hereditary --- germline --- somatic --- environment --- variants --- tumor suppressor genes --- metastatic --- RNAseq --- next generation sequencing --- adrenocortical carcinoma --- in silico analysis --- machine learning --- bioinformatic clustering --- biomarker prediction --- aldosterone producing adenoma --- ATP2B3 --- K416-F418delinsN mutation --- primary aldosteronism --- PPGL --- telomeres --- TERT --- ATRX --- NOP10 --- prognostic biomarker --- ALT --- phaeochromocytoma --- cancer --- mitochondrial complex II --- zebrafish --- therapy --- drug discovery --- redox balance pathway --- Vitamin C --- mitotane --- H295 strains --- microRNA --- aldosterone --- circulating --- adrenocortical --- transcriptomics --- epigenetics --- metabolomics --- epidemiology --- genetic analysis --- mortality --- surveillance --- TP53 R337H --- genetic testing --- adrenocortical tumor --- neonatal screening --- screening --- adenoma --- adrenal --- tissue --- artificial intelligence --- neural network --- n/a