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This book is a reprint of the Special Issue "Scientific Reasoning in Science Education: From Global Measures to Fine-Grained Descriptions of Students’ Competencies" published in the journal Education Sciences. It compiles all manuscripts of the special issue.

Humanities --- Education --- scientific reasoning --- primary education --- individual differences --- cognition --- assessment --- item features --- item difficulty --- abductive reasoning --- models --- modeling --- model construction --- model application --- modeling competence --- scientific inquiry --- science education --- chemistry --- teacher education --- argumentation --- reasoning --- justifications --- socioscientific issues --- societally denied science --- controversial science issues --- science communication --- nature of science --- preservice teachers --- longitudinal study --- cross-lagged panel --- explanations --- drawings --- earthquakes --- modelling competence --- chemical education --- epistemic cognition --- science discussions --- Quality Talk --- professional knowledge --- scientific reasoning skills --- self-efficacy --- students' difficulties --- diagnostic competencies --- anomalous data --- balance of nature metaphor --- science teacher education --- pre-service teachers --- person-centered statistical analyses --- latent class analysis --- biological reasoning --- three-tiered assessment --- Assessment of Biological Reasoning --- data reasoning --- statistics education --- numerical cognition --- cognitive development --- number sense --- models and modeling --- philosophy of science --- scientific reasoning --- primary education --- individual differences --- cognition --- assessment --- item features --- item difficulty --- abductive reasoning --- models --- modeling --- model construction --- model application --- modeling competence --- scientific inquiry --- science education --- chemistry --- teacher education --- argumentation --- reasoning --- justifications --- socioscientific issues --- societally denied science --- controversial science issues --- science communication --- nature of science --- preservice teachers --- longitudinal study --- cross-lagged panel --- explanations --- drawings --- earthquakes --- modelling competence --- chemical education --- epistemic cognition --- science discussions --- Quality Talk --- professional knowledge --- scientific reasoning skills --- self-efficacy --- students' difficulties --- diagnostic competencies --- anomalous data --- balance of nature metaphor --- science teacher education --- pre-service teachers --- person-centered statistical analyses --- latent class analysis --- biological reasoning --- three-tiered assessment --- Assessment of Biological Reasoning --- data reasoning --- statistics education --- numerical cognition --- cognitive development --- number sense --- models and modeling --- philosophy of science

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This book is a reprint of the Special Issue "Scientific Reasoning in Science Education: From Global Measures to Fine-Grained Descriptions of Students’ Competencies" published in the journal Education Sciences. It compiles all manuscripts of the special issue.

scientific reasoning --- primary education --- individual differences --- cognition --- assessment --- item features --- item difficulty --- abductive reasoning --- models --- modeling --- model construction --- model application --- modeling competence --- scientific inquiry --- science education --- chemistry --- teacher education --- argumentation --- reasoning --- justifications --- socioscientific issues --- societally denied science --- controversial science issues --- science communication --- nature of science --- preservice teachers --- longitudinal study --- cross-lagged panel --- explanations --- drawings --- earthquakes --- modelling competence --- chemical education --- epistemic cognition --- science discussions --- Quality Talk --- professional knowledge --- scientific reasoning skills --- self-efficacy --- students’ difficulties --- diagnostic competencies --- anomalous data --- balance of nature metaphor --- science teacher education --- pre-service teachers --- person-centered statistical analyses --- latent class analysis --- biological reasoning --- three-tiered assessment --- Assessment of Biological Reasoning --- data reasoning --- statistics education --- numerical cognition --- cognitive development --- number sense --- n/a --- models and modeling --- philosophy of science --- students' difficulties

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Educators believe that they are adequately preparing youth for the labor market while at the same time employers lament the students' lack of skills. A possible source of the mismatch in perceptions is that employers and educators have different understandings of the types of skills valued in the labor market. Using economics and psychology literature to define four skills sets-socio-emotional, higher-order cognitive, basic cognitive, and technical-this paper reviews the literature that quantitatively measures employer skill emand, as reported in a preference survey. A sample of 27 studies reveals remarkable consistency across the world in the skills demanded by employers. While employers value all skill sets, there is a greater demand for socio-emotional skills and higher-order cognitive skills than for basic cognitive or technical skills. These results are robust across region, industry, occupation, and education level. Employers perceive that the greatest skills gaps are in socio-emotional and higher-order cognitive skills. These findings suggest the need to re-conceptualize the public sector's role in preparing children for a future labor market. Namely, technical training is not equivalent to job training; instead, a broad range of skills, many of which are best taught long before labor market entry, should be included in school curricula from the earliest ages. The skills most demanded by employers-higher-order cognitive skills and socio-emotional skills-are largely learned or refined in adolescence, arguing for a general education well into secondary school until these skills are formed. Finally, the public sector can provide programming and incentives to non-school actors, namely parents and employers, to encourage them to invest in the skills evelopment process. Skills, labor demand, cognitive, non-cognitive, behavioral skills, competences, employer surveys, skills policy, education policy, training policy.

Ability. --- Academic Learning. --- Access and Equity in Basic Education. --- Achievement. --- Adolescence. --- Adolescents. --- Adult Literacy. --- Adults. --- Applied Skills. --- Attitudes. --- Basic Knowledge. --- Basic Literacy. --- Basic Numeracy. --- Basic Skills. --- Body Language. --- Caregivers. --- Child Development. --- Childhood Evelopment. --- Children. --- Classroom. --- Cognition. --- Cognitive Development. --- Cognitive Skills. --- Cognitive Test. --- Communication. --- Computer Literacy. --- Computer Skills. --- Concepts. --- Creativity. --- Critical Thinking. --- Curricula. --- Curriculum. --- Decision Making. --- Developmental Psychology. --- Disadvantaged Children. --- Early Childhood Development. --- Early Childhood. --- Early Enrichment. --- Early Stimulation. --- Educated Workers. --- Education for All. --- Education Institutions. --- Education Policy. --- Education Providers. --- Education Sector. --- Education System. --- Education. --- Educational Achievement. --- Educational Infrastructure. --- Educational Sciences. --- Educators. --- Effective Schools and Teachers. --- Effort. --- Elementary School. --- Emotional Development. --- Ethics. --- Exams. --- Experience. --- General Education. --- Girls. --- Global Education. --- Groups. --- Head Start. --- High School. --- Higher Education Institutions. --- Higher Education. --- Human Development. --- Information Processing. --- Instruction. --- Intelligence. --- Interventions. --- Investment. --- Job Training. --- Knowledge. --- Language. --- Leadership. --- Learning Outcomes. --- Learning. --- Levels of Education. --- Life Skills. --- Literacy Survey. --- Literacy. --- Memory. --- Needs. --- New Entrants. --- Numeracy. --- Nutrition. --- Oral Communication. --- Participation. --- Pedagogical Methods. --- Perception. --- Performance. --- Personality Traits. --- Personality. --- Preschool Education. --- Primary Data. --- Primary Education. --- Primary School. --- Primary Schooling. --- Problem Solving. --- Professional Knowledge. --- Psychology. --- Reasoning. --- Regional Education. --- School Activities. --- School Climate. --- School Clubs. --- School Curricula. --- School Curriculum. --- School Improvement. --- School Schools. --- School Setting. --- School. --- Schooling. --- Schools. --- Science. --- Secondary Education. --- Secondary School. --- Skill Acquisition. --- Skill Evelopment. --- Skilled Workers. --- Skills Acquisition. --- Skills Evelopment. --- Skills for Employment. --- Skills. --- Students. --- Study. --- Teacher Qualifications. --- Teacher. --- Teaching Methods. --- Teaching. --- Thinking. --- Training Programs. --- Training. --- Understanding. --- Values. --- Vocational Education. --- Women. --- Work Experience. --- Writing. --- Youth.