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This reprint presents the current state of knowledge and the latest advances in the development of microstructure and material properties using modern FSP (Friction Stir Processing) and related technologies such as FSW (Friction Stir Welding). The chapters of this reprint contain valuable results of research on changes in the microstructure and properties of materials caused by the use of the above technologies. Detailed analysis of these results allowed for the formulation of constructive conclusions of scientific and technological importance. The issues described in here present a significant cognitive and application potential and indicate the problems and implementation challenges faced by users of FSP and related technologies.

Technology: general issues --- stir casting --- boron carbide --- silicon carbide --- AA6061 aluminium alloy --- tensile strength --- friction stir welding --- bobbin tool --- AA1050-H14 --- pin geometry --- travel speed --- welding temperature --- mechanical properties --- groove joint design --- gas tungsten arc welding --- 2205 DSS --- friction stir lap welding --- definitive screening design (DSD) --- tensile shear load --- tool penetration depth --- plunge depth --- friction stir deposition --- solid-state additive manufacturing --- AA2011-T6 and AA2011-O --- AA2011 aluminum alloy --- microstructure --- intermetallics --- hardness --- Friction stir spot welding --- low-carbon steel --- brass --- load-carrying capacity --- dissimilar friction stir welding --- tool penetration depth (TPD) --- intermetallic compound (IMC) thickness --- process parameter --- friction stir processing --- 7075 aluminum alloy --- air cooling --- jet cooling nozzle --- microstructure evolution --- tribological properties --- aluminum alloys --- AA6082 --- friction stir spot welding --- stir casting --- boron carbide --- silicon carbide --- AA6061 aluminium alloy --- tensile strength --- friction stir welding --- bobbin tool --- AA1050-H14 --- pin geometry --- travel speed --- welding temperature --- mechanical properties --- groove joint design --- gas tungsten arc welding --- 2205 DSS --- friction stir lap welding --- definitive screening design (DSD) --- tensile shear load --- tool penetration depth --- plunge depth --- friction stir deposition --- solid-state additive manufacturing --- AA2011-T6 and AA2011-O --- AA2011 aluminum alloy --- microstructure --- intermetallics --- hardness --- Friction stir spot welding --- low-carbon steel --- brass --- load-carrying capacity --- dissimilar friction stir welding --- tool penetration depth (TPD) --- intermetallic compound (IMC) thickness --- process parameter --- friction stir processing --- 7075 aluminum alloy --- air cooling --- jet cooling nozzle --- microstructure evolution --- tribological properties --- aluminum alloys --- AA6082 --- friction stir spot welding

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This book deals with metal processing and its numerical modelling and simulation. In total, 21 papers from different distinguished authors have been compiled in this area. Various processes are addressed, including solidification, TIG welding, additive manufacturing, hot and cold rolling, deep drawing, pipe deformation, and galvanizing. Material models are developed at different length scales from atomistic simulation to finite element analysis in order to describe the evolution and behavior of materials during thermal and thermomechanical treatment. Materials under consideration are carbon, Q&T, DP, and stainless steels; ductile iron; and aluminum, nickel-based, and titanium alloys. The developed models and simulations shall help to predict structure evolution, damage, and service behavior of advanced materials.

Technology: general issues --- all-position automatic tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding --- optimal welding parameters --- response surface method (RSM) --- lap joint --- weld bead geometry --- tin alloy --- modified embedded-atom method --- molecular dynamics simulation --- phase transformation --- diffusion --- numerical simulation --- cellular automaton --- dendritic grain growth --- quantitative prediction --- plasticity forming --- cold roll-beating forming --- process parameter --- multi-objective optimization --- undermatched --- integrity identification --- XFEM --- fracture toughness calculation method --- microstructure --- tensile properties --- intermetallics --- casting --- dual phase steel --- hot dip galvanizing line --- multivariate analysis --- dilatometry --- selective laser melting --- additive manufacturing --- SLM --- FEM --- Al2O3 --- reinforced --- Al2O3-ZrO2 --- 304 --- stainless --- composite --- aluminium alloy --- EN AW-6060 --- precipitation hardening aluminium alloys --- material model --- heating --- cooling --- flow cures --- LS-DYNA --- molecular dynamics --- nano-cutting --- crystal direction --- γ-TiAl alloy --- stacking fault --- flow stress --- hot deformation --- carbon steel --- continuous cooling --- phase transformations --- rupture disc --- finite element analysis --- burst fracture --- mechanical property --- austenitic stainless steel --- stress triaxiality --- material damage --- FEM simulation --- ultrasonic drawing --- titanium wire --- drawing force --- Mises stress --- contact stress --- work hardening --- deep drawing --- limiting drawing ratio (LDR) --- draw radius --- anisotropy --- finite element method --- stainless steels --- plastic deformation --- mechanical properties --- quarter buckle --- roll stack deflection --- strip material flow --- roll contour optimisation --- hot-rolled stainless steel --- model fitting --- optimization --- metal casting --- SGI --- compass search --- NEWUOA --- genetic algorithm --- particle swarm optimization --- additive manufacture --- Ti-6Al-4V --- temperature distribution --- distortion --- residual stress --- experimental validation --- cylindrical cup --- earing --- thermal modeling --- volumetric heat source --- computational efficiency --- all-position automatic tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding --- optimal welding parameters --- response surface method (RSM) --- lap joint --- weld bead geometry --- tin alloy --- modified embedded-atom method --- molecular dynamics simulation --- phase transformation --- diffusion --- numerical simulation --- cellular automaton --- dendritic grain growth --- quantitative prediction --- plasticity forming --- cold roll-beating forming --- process parameter --- multi-objective optimization --- undermatched --- integrity identification --- XFEM --- fracture toughness calculation method --- microstructure --- tensile properties --- intermetallics --- casting --- dual phase steel --- hot dip galvanizing line --- multivariate analysis --- dilatometry --- selective laser melting --- additive manufacturing --- SLM --- FEM --- Al2O3 --- reinforced --- Al2O3-ZrO2 --- 304 --- stainless --- composite --- aluminium alloy --- EN AW-6060 --- precipitation hardening aluminium alloys --- material model --- heating --- cooling --- flow cures --- LS-DYNA --- molecular dynamics --- nano-cutting --- crystal direction --- γ-TiAl alloy --- stacking fault --- flow stress --- hot deformation --- carbon steel --- continuous cooling --- phase transformations --- rupture disc --- finite element analysis --- burst fracture --- mechanical property --- austenitic stainless steel --- stress triaxiality --- material damage --- FEM simulation --- ultrasonic drawing --- titanium wire --- drawing force --- Mises stress --- contact stress --- work hardening --- deep drawing --- limiting drawing ratio (LDR) --- draw radius --- anisotropy --- finite element method --- stainless steels --- plastic deformation --- mechanical properties --- quarter buckle --- roll stack deflection --- strip material flow --- roll contour optimisation --- hot-rolled stainless steel --- model fitting --- optimization --- metal casting --- SGI --- compass search --- NEWUOA --- genetic algorithm --- particle swarm optimization --- additive manufacture --- Ti-6Al-4V --- temperature distribution --- distortion --- residual stress --- experimental validation --- cylindrical cup --- earing --- thermal modeling --- volumetric heat source --- computational efficiency

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This book deals with metal processing and its numerical modelling and simulation. In total, 21 papers from different distinguished authors have been compiled in this area. Various processes are addressed, including solidification, TIG welding, additive manufacturing, hot and cold rolling, deep drawing, pipe deformation, and galvanizing. Material models are developed at different length scales from atomistic simulation to finite element analysis in order to describe the evolution and behavior of materials during thermal and thermomechanical treatment. Materials under consideration are carbon, Q&T, DP, and stainless steels; ductile iron; and aluminum, nickel-based, and titanium alloys. The developed models and simulations shall help to predict structure evolution, damage, and service behavior of advanced materials.

Technology: general issues --- all-position automatic tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding --- optimal welding parameters --- response surface method (RSM) --- lap joint --- weld bead geometry --- tin alloy --- modified embedded-atom method --- molecular dynamics simulation --- phase transformation --- diffusion --- numerical simulation --- cellular automaton --- dendritic grain growth --- quantitative prediction --- plasticity forming --- cold roll-beating forming --- process parameter --- multi-objective optimization --- undermatched --- integrity identification --- XFEM --- fracture toughness calculation method --- microstructure --- tensile properties --- intermetallics --- casting --- dual phase steel --- hot dip galvanizing line --- multivariate analysis --- dilatometry --- selective laser melting --- additive manufacturing --- SLM --- FEM --- Al2O3 --- reinforced --- Al2O3-ZrO2 --- 304 --- stainless --- composite --- aluminium alloy --- EN AW-6060 --- precipitation hardening aluminium alloys --- material model --- heating --- cooling --- flow cures --- LS-DYNA --- molecular dynamics --- nano-cutting --- crystal direction --- γ-TiAl alloy --- stacking fault --- flow stress --- hot deformation --- carbon steel --- continuous cooling --- phase transformations --- rupture disc --- finite element analysis --- burst fracture --- mechanical property --- austenitic stainless steel --- stress triaxiality --- material damage --- FEM simulation --- ultrasonic drawing --- titanium wire --- drawing force --- Mises stress --- contact stress --- work hardening --- deep drawing --- limiting drawing ratio (LDR) --- draw radius --- anisotropy --- finite element method --- stainless steels --- plastic deformation --- mechanical properties --- quarter buckle --- roll stack deflection --- strip material flow --- roll contour optimisation --- hot-rolled stainless steel --- model fitting --- optimization --- metal casting --- SGI --- compass search --- NEWUOA --- genetic algorithm --- particle swarm optimization --- additive manufacture --- Ti-6Al-4V --- temperature distribution --- distortion --- residual stress --- experimental validation --- cylindrical cup --- earing --- thermal modeling --- volumetric heat source --- computational efficiency

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Natural polymers are already used for a variety of biomedical applications, including drug delivery, wound healing, tissue engineering, biosensors, etc. However, they have also found other applications, for example, in the food industry, the pharmaceutical industry, as firefighting materials, water purification, etc. Different polysaccharide and protein-based systems have been developed. They each have their properties that render them useful for certain applications such as the water solubility of alginate, the thermo-sensitivity of chitosan, the abundance of cellulose and starch, or the cell adhesion and proliferation of gelatin and collagen. This Special Issue will explore the design, synthesis, processing, characterization, and applications of new functional natural-based polymers.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Biochemistry --- light conversion film --- cellulose acetate --- europium --- sensitization --- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy --- surface plasmon resonance --- thin film --- quantum dot --- 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol --- chitosan --- graphene oxide --- 3D printing --- carboxymethyl cellulose --- hydrogel --- lyophilization --- dissolution --- release model --- customization --- NO-donor --- topical release --- polymeric matrices --- microbial infections --- wound healing --- blood circulation --- semisynthetic polymers --- natural rubber --- rice husk ash --- alginate --- mechanical properties --- dielectric properties --- nanohydrogel --- food applications --- biopolymers --- polysaccharide --- neural network --- chicken feet --- sensorial quality --- food quality --- gelatine --- hyaluronic acid --- polyethylene oxide --- electrospinning --- nanofibers --- wound dressings --- pectin --- pectinase --- wheat bran --- banana peel --- Bacillus amyloliquefaciens --- prebiotics --- mucilage --- pectin polysaccharide --- Opuntia ficus-indica --- aloe vera --- acemannan --- Cactaceae --- Asphodelaceae --- porcine gastric mucin --- methacryloyl mucin --- double-cross-linked networks --- circular dichroism --- mechanical characterization --- date palm trunk mesh --- cellulose --- lignocellulosic waste --- alpha cellulose --- nanocellulose --- agro-byproduct --- Bacillus licheniformis --- bioconversion --- pomelo albedo --- sucrolytic --- lubricant --- tribology --- albumin deposition --- contact lens --- surface roughness --- bio-based polyurethanes --- prepolymers --- cellulose-derived polyol --- cellulose-citrate --- polyurethane composites --- poly(lactic acid) --- nanocomposites --- tannin --- lignin --- thermal degradation kinetics --- decomposition mechanism --- pyrolysis --- nanocomposite --- nanofertilizer --- slow release --- ammonia oxidase gene --- quantitative polymerase chain reaction --- microflora N cycle --- nutrient use efficiency --- soil N content --- aerogels --- cold plasma coating --- hydrophobization --- pore structure --- chitinous fishery wastes --- chitinase --- crab shells --- Paenibacillus --- N-acetyl-D-glucosamine --- phenol --- adhesive hydrogels --- nanomaterials --- surface modification --- latex --- lignocellulosic fibers --- conventional fillers --- CNC --- esterification reaction --- graft copolymerization --- hydrophobic modification --- flocculant --- crosslinking --- peptides --- glutaraldehyde --- specified risk materials --- laccase --- melanin --- decolorization --- natural mediators --- glycerol --- polymer electrolyte --- ionic conductivity --- biochemistry --- pH and rumen temperature --- protozoa --- zero valent iron --- nanoparticles --- ethylene glycol --- methylene blue --- polyhydroxyalkanoates --- poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate --- melt processing --- extrusion --- injection molding --- elongation at break --- crystallization --- DoE --- oil palm biomass waste --- anionic hydrogel --- swelling --- salt crosslinking agent --- CoNi nanocomposite --- cellulose paper --- antibacterial potential --- degradation --- annealing --- acetylation --- potato starch --- emulsion capacity --- FTIR --- Malva parviflora --- natural polymers --- physicochemical properties --- rheology --- birch wood --- pre-treatment --- process parameter --- lignocellulose --- 2-furaldehyde --- Komagataeibacter --- stretchable bacterial cellulose --- enhanced strain --- vitamin C --- collagen --- anisotropy --- electron irradiation --- tensile test --- activated carbon --- MnO2 --- Co NPs --- antibacterial activity --- hydrogels --- antimicrobial activities --- functionalized materials --- cellulose derivatives --- flexor tendon repair --- anti-inflammatory --- anti-adhesion --- antimicrobial --- polymer-based constructs --- biosorbent --- copper --- adsorption --- model studies --- aqueous medium --- biodegradable polymers --- chemical modification --- food packaging --- free radical polymerization --- superabsorbent --- water-retaining agent --- thermal properties --- Mimosa pudica mucilage --- extraction optimization --- Box-Behnken design --- response surface methodology --- pH-responsive on–off switching --- zero-order release --- antimicrobial activity --- bacterial cellulose --- cytotoxicity --- nisin --- stability

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• Reference Manager
• EndNote
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Natural polymers are already used for a variety of biomedical applications, including drug delivery, wound healing, tissue engineering, biosensors, etc. However, they have also found other applications, for example, in the food industry, the pharmaceutical industry, as firefighting materials, water purification, etc. Different polysaccharide and protein-based systems have been developed. They each have their properties that render them useful for certain applications such as the water solubility of alginate, the thermo-sensitivity of chitosan, the abundance of cellulose and starch, or the cell adhesion and proliferation of gelatin and collagen. This Special Issue will explore the design, synthesis, processing, characterization, and applications of new functional natural-based polymers.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Biochemistry --- light conversion film --- cellulose acetate --- europium --- sensitization --- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy --- surface plasmon resonance --- thin film --- quantum dot --- 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol --- chitosan --- graphene oxide --- 3D printing --- carboxymethyl cellulose --- hydrogel --- lyophilization --- dissolution --- release model --- customization --- NO-donor --- topical release --- polymeric matrices --- microbial infections --- wound healing --- blood circulation --- semisynthetic polymers --- natural rubber --- rice husk ash --- alginate --- mechanical properties --- dielectric properties --- nanohydrogel --- food applications --- biopolymers --- polysaccharide --- neural network --- chicken feet --- sensorial quality --- food quality --- gelatine --- hyaluronic acid --- polyethylene oxide --- electrospinning --- nanofibers --- wound dressings --- pectin --- pectinase --- wheat bran --- banana peel --- Bacillus amyloliquefaciens --- prebiotics --- mucilage --- pectin polysaccharide --- Opuntia ficus-indica --- aloe vera --- acemannan --- Cactaceae --- Asphodelaceae --- porcine gastric mucin --- methacryloyl mucin --- double-cross-linked networks --- circular dichroism --- mechanical characterization --- date palm trunk mesh --- cellulose --- lignocellulosic waste --- alpha cellulose --- nanocellulose --- agro-byproduct --- Bacillus licheniformis --- bioconversion --- pomelo albedo --- sucrolytic --- lubricant --- tribology --- albumin deposition --- contact lens --- surface roughness --- bio-based polyurethanes --- prepolymers --- cellulose-derived polyol --- cellulose-citrate --- polyurethane composites --- poly(lactic acid) --- nanocomposites --- tannin --- lignin --- thermal degradation kinetics --- decomposition mechanism --- pyrolysis --- nanocomposite --- nanofertilizer --- slow release --- ammonia oxidase gene --- quantitative polymerase chain reaction --- microflora N cycle --- nutrient use efficiency --- soil N content --- aerogels --- cold plasma coating --- hydrophobization --- pore structure --- chitinous fishery wastes --- chitinase --- crab shells --- Paenibacillus --- N-acetyl-D-glucosamine --- phenol --- adhesive hydrogels --- nanomaterials --- surface modification --- latex --- lignocellulosic fibers --- conventional fillers --- CNC --- esterification reaction --- graft copolymerization --- hydrophobic modification --- flocculant --- crosslinking --- peptides --- glutaraldehyde --- specified risk materials --- laccase --- melanin --- decolorization --- natural mediators --- glycerol --- polymer electrolyte --- ionic conductivity --- biochemistry --- pH and rumen temperature --- protozoa --- zero valent iron --- nanoparticles --- ethylene glycol --- methylene blue --- polyhydroxyalkanoates --- poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate --- melt processing --- extrusion --- injection molding --- elongation at break --- crystallization --- DoE --- oil palm biomass waste --- anionic hydrogel --- swelling --- salt crosslinking agent --- CoNi nanocomposite --- cellulose paper --- antibacterial potential --- degradation --- annealing --- acetylation --- potato starch --- emulsion capacity --- FTIR --- Malva parviflora --- natural polymers --- physicochemical properties --- rheology --- birch wood --- pre-treatment --- process parameter --- lignocellulose --- 2-furaldehyde --- Komagataeibacter --- stretchable bacterial cellulose --- enhanced strain --- vitamin C --- collagen --- anisotropy --- electron irradiation --- tensile test --- activated carbon --- MnO2 --- Co NPs --- antibacterial activity --- hydrogels --- antimicrobial activities --- functionalized materials --- cellulose derivatives --- flexor tendon repair --- anti-inflammatory --- anti-adhesion --- antimicrobial --- polymer-based constructs --- biosorbent --- copper --- adsorption --- model studies --- aqueous medium --- biodegradable polymers --- chemical modification --- food packaging --- free radical polymerization --- superabsorbent --- water-retaining agent --- thermal properties --- Mimosa pudica mucilage --- extraction optimization --- Box-Behnken design --- response surface methodology --- pH-responsive on–off switching --- zero-order release --- antimicrobial activity --- bacterial cellulose --- cytotoxicity --- nisin --- stability --- light conversion film --- cellulose acetate --- europium --- sensitization --- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy --- surface plasmon resonance --- thin film --- quantum dot --- 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol --- chitosan --- graphene oxide --- 3D printing --- carboxymethyl cellulose --- hydrogel --- lyophilization --- dissolution --- release model --- customization --- NO-donor --- topical release --- polymeric matrices --- microbial infections --- wound healing --- blood circulation --- semisynthetic polymers --- natural rubber --- rice husk ash --- alginate --- mechanical properties --- dielectric properties --- nanohydrogel --- food applications --- biopolymers --- polysaccharide --- neural network --- chicken feet --- sensorial quality --- food quality --- gelatine --- hyaluronic acid --- polyethylene oxide --- electrospinning --- nanofibers --- wound dressings --- pectin --- pectinase --- wheat bran --- banana peel --- Bacillus amyloliquefaciens --- prebiotics --- mucilage --- pectin polysaccharide --- Opuntia ficus-indica --- aloe vera --- acemannan --- Cactaceae --- Asphodelaceae --- porcine gastric mucin --- methacryloyl mucin --- double-cross-linked networks --- circular dichroism --- mechanical characterization --- date palm trunk mesh --- cellulose --- lignocellulosic waste --- alpha cellulose --- nanocellulose --- agro-byproduct --- Bacillus licheniformis --- bioconversion --- pomelo albedo --- sucrolytic --- lubricant --- tribology --- albumin deposition --- contact lens --- surface roughness --- bio-based polyurethanes --- prepolymers --- cellulose-derived polyol --- cellulose-citrate --- polyurethane composites --- poly(lactic acid) --- nanocomposites --- tannin --- lignin --- thermal degradation kinetics --- decomposition mechanism --- pyrolysis --- nanocomposite --- nanofertilizer --- slow release --- ammonia oxidase gene --- quantitative polymerase chain reaction --- microflora N cycle --- nutrient use efficiency --- soil N content --- aerogels --- cold plasma coating --- hydrophobization --- pore structure --- chitinous fishery wastes --- chitinase --- crab shells --- Paenibacillus --- N-acetyl-D-glucosamine --- phenol --- adhesive hydrogels --- nanomaterials --- surface modification --- latex --- lignocellulosic fibers --- conventional fillers --- CNC --- esterification reaction --- graft copolymerization --- hydrophobic modification --- flocculant --- crosslinking --- peptides --- glutaraldehyde --- specified risk materials --- laccase --- melanin --- decolorization --- natural mediators --- glycerol --- polymer electrolyte --- ionic conductivity --- biochemistry --- pH and rumen temperature --- protozoa --- zero valent iron --- nanoparticles --- ethylene glycol --- methylene blue --- polyhydroxyalkanoates --- poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate --- melt processing --- extrusion --- injection molding --- elongation at break --- crystallization --- DoE --- oil palm biomass waste --- anionic hydrogel --- swelling --- salt crosslinking agent --- CoNi nanocomposite --- cellulose paper --- antibacterial potential --- degradation --- annealing --- acetylation --- potato starch --- emulsion capacity --- FTIR --- Malva parviflora --- natural polymers --- physicochemical properties --- rheology --- birch wood --- pre-treatment --- process parameter --- lignocellulose --- 2-furaldehyde --- Komagataeibacter --- stretchable bacterial cellulose --- enhanced strain --- vitamin C --- collagen --- anisotropy --- electron irradiation --- tensile test --- activated carbon --- MnO2 --- Co NPs --- antibacterial activity --- hydrogels --- antimicrobial activities --- functionalized materials --- cellulose derivatives --- flexor tendon repair --- anti-inflammatory --- anti-adhesion --- antimicrobial --- polymer-based constructs --- biosorbent --- copper --- adsorption --- model studies --- aqueous medium --- biodegradable polymers --- chemical modification --- food packaging --- free radical polymerization --- superabsorbent --- water-retaining agent --- thermal properties --- Mimosa pudica mucilage --- extraction optimization --- Box-Behnken design --- response surface methodology --- pH-responsive on–off switching --- zero-order release --- antimicrobial activity --- bacterial cellulose --- cytotoxicity --- nisin --- stability