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Proanthocyanidins (PACs) or proanthocyanidols are polyphenols constituted of flavan-3-ol units. There aretwo categories: PACs of type A and those of type B. They are found in the form of dimers, trimers, oligomers and polymers also called condensed tannins.Their absorption and metabolisation depend on their molecular weight. These PACs possess many properties. The antibacterial effect was proved by in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies for three plants presented in this work: cranberry, blueberry and pelargonium.Studies on cranberries show an inhibition of adherence of Escherichia co/i to urinary epithelial cells and demonstrate its efficiency in the preventive treatment of urinary tract infections. PACs of Pelargoniumsidoides show an activity to inhibit the adhesion of germs to bronchial epithelial cells leading to respiratoryinfections, so justifying its use in the treatment of respiratory tract infections (cold, acute bronchitis,...).Studies also attribute to blueberry PACs an antidiarrheal activity (tannins) and an inhibition of bacterialadhesion to intestinal mucosa. When bacterial resistance becomes a real problem, PACs seem to be aninteresting alternative to antibiotics. Les prôanthocyanidines (PACs), ou proanthocyanidols, sont des polyphénols constitués d'unités de flavan-3- ol. Il en existe deux catégories: les PACs de type A et ceux de type B. On les retrouve sous forme de dimères, trimères, oligomères et polymères aussi appelés tanins condensés (ou catéchiques) . Leur absorption et métabolisation dépend de leur poids moléculaire. Ces PACs possèdent diverses propriétés dont un effet antibactérien mis en évidence dans des études in vitro, in vivo et cliniques et démontré pour trois plantes présentées dans cetravail : la canneberge, la myrtille et le pélargonium. Les études menées sur la canneberge mettent en évidence une inhibition par les PACs de l'adhérence d'Escherichia coli aux cellules épithéliales urinaires et prouvent son efficacité dans le traitement préventif des infections urinaires. Quant aux PACs de Pelargonium sidoides, c'est une capacité d'inhibition d'adhésion de germes responsables d'infections respiratoires aux cellules épithéliales bronchiques qui a été démontrée, justifiant ainsi leur utilisation dans de telles infections (rhume, bronchite aiguë,...). Les dimères et trimères de flavan-3-ol seraient les principaux responsables de ces activités. Enfin, on attribue également aux PACs de la myrtille, une activité antidiarrhéique (tanins) ainsi qu'une inhibition de l'adhérence de germes aux parois de la muqueuse intestinale. A l'heure où la résistance bactérienne devient un réel problème, ces PACs semblent être une alternative intéressante à l'usage d'antibiotiques.

Proanthocyanidins --- Plants, Medicinal

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Metabolomics has been a useful method for various study fields. However, its application in animal science does not seem to be sufficient. Metabolomics will be useful for various studies in animal science: Animal genetics and breeding, animal physiology, animal nutrition, animal products (milk, meat, eggs, and their by-products) and their processing, livestock environment, animal biotechnology, animal behavior, and animal welfare. More application examples and protocols for animal science will promote more motivation to use metabolomics effectively in the study field. Therefore, in this Special Issue, we introduced some research and review articles for “Metabolomic Applications in Anmal Science”. The main methods used were mass spectrometry or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Not only a non-targeted, but also a targeted, analysis of metabolites is shown. The topics include dietary and pharmacological interventions and protocols for metabolomic experiments.

albumen --- breed --- chicken --- feed --- metabolome --- yolk --- arachidonic acid --- omega-3 fatty acids --- lipidomics --- mass spectrometry --- dietary fat --- fatty acid metabolism --- pork --- meat --- skeletal muscle --- fiber type --- cooking --- beef --- Wagyu --- Holstein --- captive giraffes --- urine --- metabolomics --- 1H-NMR --- NMR --- metabotype --- transition --- ketosis --- cattle --- chemometrics --- spectral correction --- authentication --- biomarker --- feeding --- meat quality traits --- metabolite --- postmortem aging --- processing --- chickens --- heat stress --- lipid peroxidation --- orotic acid --- feed efficiency --- biomarkers --- SNPs --- GWAS --- RFI --- pigs --- pathways --- metabolic profile --- transition period --- livestock --- methyl donor --- one-carbon metabolism --- negative energy balance --- pasture legumes --- phytoestrogens --- flavonoids --- coumestans --- polyphenols --- proanthocyanidins --- metabolic profiling --- biosynthesis --- linear model --- transcriptomics --- horse --- metabolomic --- metabolism --- exercise --- saliva --- anabolic practices --- testosterone --- plasma --- CE-TOFMS --- intramuscular fat --- meat quality --- porcine

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Metabolomics has been a useful method for various study fields. However, its application in animal science does not seem to be sufficient. Metabolomics will be useful for various studies in animal science: Animal genetics and breeding, animal physiology, animal nutrition, animal products (milk, meat, eggs, and their by-products) and their processing, livestock environment, animal biotechnology, animal behavior, and animal welfare. More application examples and protocols for animal science will promote more motivation to use metabolomics effectively in the study field. Therefore, in this Special Issue, we introduced some research and review articles for “Metabolomic Applications in Anmal Science”. The main methods used were mass spectrometry or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Not only a non-targeted, but also a targeted, analysis of metabolites is shown. The topics include dietary and pharmacological interventions and protocols for metabolomic experiments.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Technology, engineering, agriculture --- albumen --- breed --- chicken --- feed --- metabolome --- yolk --- arachidonic acid --- omega-3 fatty acids --- lipidomics --- mass spectrometry --- dietary fat --- fatty acid metabolism --- pork --- meat --- skeletal muscle --- fiber type --- cooking --- beef --- Wagyu --- Holstein --- captive giraffes --- urine --- metabolomics --- 1H-NMR --- NMR --- metabotype --- transition --- ketosis --- cattle --- chemometrics --- spectral correction --- authentication --- biomarker --- feeding --- meat quality traits --- metabolite --- postmortem aging --- processing --- chickens --- heat stress --- lipid peroxidation --- orotic acid --- feed efficiency --- biomarkers --- SNPs --- GWAS --- RFI --- pigs --- pathways --- metabolic profile --- transition period --- livestock --- methyl donor --- one-carbon metabolism --- negative energy balance --- pasture legumes --- phytoestrogens --- flavonoids --- coumestans --- polyphenols --- proanthocyanidins --- metabolic profiling --- biosynthesis --- linear model --- transcriptomics --- horse --- metabolomic --- metabolism --- exercise --- saliva --- anabolic practices --- testosterone --- plasma --- CE-TOFMS --- intramuscular fat --- meat quality --- porcine --- albumen --- breed --- chicken --- feed --- metabolome --- yolk --- arachidonic acid --- omega-3 fatty acids --- lipidomics --- mass spectrometry --- dietary fat --- fatty acid metabolism --- pork --- meat --- skeletal muscle --- fiber type --- cooking --- beef --- Wagyu --- Holstein --- captive giraffes --- urine --- metabolomics --- 1H-NMR --- NMR --- metabotype --- transition --- ketosis --- cattle --- chemometrics --- spectral correction --- authentication --- biomarker --- feeding --- meat quality traits --- metabolite --- postmortem aging --- processing --- chickens --- heat stress --- lipid peroxidation --- orotic acid --- feed efficiency --- biomarkers --- SNPs --- GWAS --- RFI --- pigs --- pathways --- metabolic profile --- transition period --- livestock --- methyl donor --- one-carbon metabolism --- negative energy balance --- pasture legumes --- phytoestrogens --- flavonoids --- coumestans --- polyphenols --- proanthocyanidins --- metabolic profiling --- biosynthesis --- linear model --- transcriptomics --- horse --- metabolomic --- metabolism --- exercise --- saliva --- anabolic practices --- testosterone --- plasma --- CE-TOFMS --- intramuscular fat --- meat quality --- porcine

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Epidemiological evidence from the last fifty years has demonstrated that nutrition plays a decisive role in human health. Eating properly is not only necessary to meet energy demands. It also actively contributes, through both preventive actions and therapeutic effects, to improving human wellness. Nutrition owes its functional role in human health to the biological activity of specific, small dietary molecules. Plants are the most important source of bioactive molecules, and dietary phytochemicals are mainly responsible for the documented protective effects of diets which are rich in plant foods. Dietary phytochemicals have attracted increasing interest in human nutrition research over the past few years due to their ability to exert several biological effects that are potentially useful for human health, In this Special Issue, the biological activity of dietary phytochemicals, either purified or in extracts from plant foods, and their potential effects on human health are addressed and investigated.

Research & information: general --- resveratrol --- bioactivities --- anticancer --- anti-obesity --- antidiabetes --- molecular mechanisms --- durum wheat bread --- Portulaca oleracea L. --- essential fatty acids --- omega-6/omega-3 ratio --- antioxidants --- Bangladesh --- vegetables --- polyphenols --- amylase --- glucosidase --- renin --- angiotensin-converting enzyme --- lipase --- mass spectrometry --- yeast --- antioxidant --- cytotoxicity --- bioavailability --- viability --- Punica granatum --- hydrolysable tannins --- flavonoids --- Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Orbitrap-Mass Spectrometry --- tempura --- deep-fried product --- barley --- buckwheat --- Job's tears --- antioxidant capacity --- oil deterioration --- polyphenol --- oxidative stress --- necroptosis --- plant extract --- secondary metabolite --- γH2AX --- copper --- African food spices --- GC-MS (gas chromatography mass spectrometry) --- antimicrobial --- antibiofilm --- violacein inhibition --- swarming inhibition --- swimming inhibition --- anticholinesterase --- antiurease --- antityrosinase --- sensory analysis --- mineral content --- proanthocyanidins --- carotenoids --- antioxidant activity --- FRAP --- DPPH --- ABTS --- CAA --- resveratrol --- bioactivities --- anticancer --- anti-obesity --- antidiabetes --- molecular mechanisms --- durum wheat bread --- Portulaca oleracea L. --- essential fatty acids --- omega-6/omega-3 ratio --- antioxidants --- Bangladesh --- vegetables --- polyphenols --- amylase --- glucosidase --- renin --- angiotensin-converting enzyme --- lipase --- mass spectrometry --- yeast --- antioxidant --- cytotoxicity --- bioavailability --- viability --- Punica granatum --- hydrolysable tannins --- flavonoids --- Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Orbitrap-Mass Spectrometry --- tempura --- deep-fried product --- barley --- buckwheat --- Job's tears --- antioxidant capacity --- oil deterioration --- polyphenol --- oxidative stress --- necroptosis --- plant extract --- secondary metabolite --- γH2AX --- copper --- African food spices --- GC-MS (gas chromatography mass spectrometry) --- antimicrobial --- antibiofilm --- violacein inhibition --- swarming inhibition --- swimming inhibition --- anticholinesterase --- antiurease --- antityrosinase --- sensory analysis --- mineral content --- proanthocyanidins --- carotenoids --- antioxidant activity --- FRAP --- DPPH --- ABTS --- CAA

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The re-use of industrial food residues is essential in the general framework of rational waste handling and recycling, which aims at the minimizing environmental impact of food production and producing functional food ingredients. Agri-food processing waste has long been considered a valuable biomass with a significant polyphenol load and profile. Polyphenols, aside from being powerful antioxidants that confer inherent stability to a variety of foods, may possess versatile bioactivities including anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive properties. The valorization of agri-food waste as a prominent source of polyphenols stems from the enormous amount of food-related material discharged worldwide and the emerging eco-friendly technologies that allow high recovery, recycling, and sustainable use of these materials. This book addresses the concept of recovering natural polyphenolic antioxidants from waste biomass generated by agri-food and related industrial processes and presents state-of-the-art applications with prospect in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.

polyphenols --- n/a --- valorization --- ultrasound assisted extraction --- microwave assisted extraction --- Box–Behnken design --- HPLC-DAD-q-TOF-MS --- Dioscorea batatas --- green oleo-extraction --- grape marc --- quantitative analysis --- natural antioxidants and flavors --- antioxidant --- infrared-assisted extraction --- anti-ageing --- anthocyanins --- liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry --- Chinese yam --- functional food --- extraction --- olive mill wastewater --- adsorbents --- relative solubility simulation --- HPLC-fluorometric detector (FLD)–MS --- saffron --- antioxidants --- food-grade solvents --- Mango --- zero-waste biorefinery --- response surface methodology --- ophthalmic hydrogel --- olive leaves --- sonotrode ultrasonic-assisted extraction --- vegetable oils and derivatives --- anti-inflammatory --- skin whitening --- phenolics --- Brewers’ spent grains --- proanthocyanidins --- brewer’s spent grain --- anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity --- antimicrobial activity --- by-products --- antiplatelet activity --- phenanthrenes --- wine lees --- bioactive compounds --- deep eutectic solvents --- Box-Behnken design --- HPLC-fluorometric detector (FLD)-MS --- Brewers' spent grains --- brewer's spent grain