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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
ecological resilience --- natural resources management --- restoration --- conservation --- prioritization
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This paper proposes a methodology to prioritize interventions in Peru's road network. A network model is built, linking the country's economic and population centers through indicative corridors, which are defined as the least-cost routes to connect origins to destinations. The network's critical links are identified by systematically simulating disruptions and calculating the costs associated with them. The network is then overlaid with natural hazard layers. The average annual losses associated with the hazard disruptions of the critical links are calculated in many scenarios, including climate change uncertainty and different impacts and reconstruction times. A robust decision-making approach is then used to select interventions that decrease hazard disruption costs.
Climate Change Resilience --- Network Analysis --- Robust Decision Making --- Transport Prioritization
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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
Science: general issues --- Ecological science, the Biosphere --- ecological resilience --- natural resources management --- restoration --- conservation --- prioritization --- ecological resilience --- natural resources management --- restoration --- conservation --- prioritization
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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
Science: general issues --- Ecological science, the Biosphere --- ecological resilience --- natural resources management --- restoration --- conservation --- prioritization
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Durch medizinische Innovationen und den demografischen Wandel wird sich die Finanzsituation im deutschen Gesundheitswesen in den kommenden Jahren weiter verschärfen. Der evidenzbasierten Allokation der begrenzt verfügbaren Mittel wird damit eine immer größere Bedeutung zukommen. Aus ethischer Sicht sollten sich die Allokationsentscheidungen an klar definierten Verfahren und Kriterien orientieren. Bislang fehlen jedoch konkrete Ansätze, wie diese explizite Leistungssteuerung in der Praxis umgesetzt werden kann. Das Buch bietet einen Überblick über die Ergebnisse des interdisziplinären Forschungsverbunds "Allokation", der erstmals in zwei ausgewählten Praxisbereichen (Interventionelle Kardiologie und Intensivmedizin) die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen einer expliziten Leistungssteuerung untersucht hat. Es wurden zwei exemplarische Kostensensible Leitlinien entwickelt, die eine evidenzbasierte Balance zwischen Effizienz und Gerechtigkeit ermöglichen. Eingehend untersucht wurden die rechtlichen Voraussetzungen einer solchen expliziten Leistungssteuerung in der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung. Entscheidungsträger aus dem Gesundheitswesen und Patienten wurden nach ihren Einschätzungen zu Stärken und Schwächen der Kostensensiblen Leitlinien befragt.
Medical / Administration --- Medicine --- cost sensitivity --- assessment of benefit --- scarcity of capital --- evidence based medicine --- prioritization --- MBN
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Durch medizinische Innovationen und den demografischen Wandel wird sich die Finanzsituation im deutschen Gesundheitswesen in den kommenden Jahren weiter verschärfen. Der evidenzbasierten Allokation der begrenzt verfügbaren Mittel wird damit eine immer größere Bedeutung zukommen. Aus ethischer Sicht sollten sich die Allokationsentscheidungen an klar definierten Verfahren und Kriterien orientieren. Bislang fehlen jedoch konkrete Ansätze, wie diese explizite Leistungssteuerung in der Praxis umgesetzt werden kann. Das Buch bietet einen Überblick über die Ergebnisse des interdisziplinären Forschungsverbunds "Allokation", der erstmals in zwei ausgewählten Praxisbereichen (Interventionelle Kardiologie und Intensivmedizin) die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen einer expliziten Leistungssteuerung untersucht hat. Es wurden zwei exemplarische Kostensensible Leitlinien entwickelt, die eine evidenzbasierte Balance zwischen Effizienz und Gerechtigkeit ermöglichen. Eingehend untersucht wurden die rechtlichen Voraussetzungen einer solchen expliziten Leistungssteuerung in der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung. Entscheidungsträger aus dem Gesundheitswesen und Patienten wurden nach ihren Einschätzungen zu Stärken und Schwächen der Kostensensiblen Leitlinien befragt.
Medicine --- cost sensitivity --- assessment of benefit --- scarcity of capital --- evidence based medicine --- prioritization --- MBN
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Durch medizinische Innovationen und den demografischen Wandel wird sich die Finanzsituation im deutschen Gesundheitswesen in den kommenden Jahren weiter verschärfen. Der evidenzbasierten Allokation der begrenzt verfügbaren Mittel wird damit eine immer größere Bedeutung zukommen. Aus ethischer Sicht sollten sich die Allokationsentscheidungen an klar definierten Verfahren und Kriterien orientieren. Bislang fehlen jedoch konkrete Ansätze, wie diese explizite Leistungssteuerung in der Praxis umgesetzt werden kann. Das Buch bietet einen Überblick über die Ergebnisse des interdisziplinären Forschungsverbunds "Allokation", der erstmals in zwei ausgewählten Praxisbereichen (Interventionelle Kardiologie und Intensivmedizin) die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen einer expliziten Leistungssteuerung untersucht hat. Es wurden zwei exemplarische Kostensensible Leitlinien entwickelt, die eine evidenzbasierte Balance zwischen Effizienz und Gerechtigkeit ermöglichen. Eingehend untersucht wurden die rechtlichen Voraussetzungen einer solchen expliziten Leistungssteuerung in der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung. Entscheidungsträger aus dem Gesundheitswesen und Patienten wurden nach ihren Einschätzungen zu Stärken und Schwächen der Kostensensiblen Leitlinien befragt.
Medical / Administration --- Medicine --- cost sensitivity --- assessment of benefit --- scarcity of capital --- evidence based medicine --- prioritization --- MBN --- cost sensitivity --- assessment of benefit --- scarcity of capital --- evidence based medicine --- prioritization --- MBN
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Disruption of infrastructure services can cause significant social and economic losses, particularly in the event of a natural disaster. The World Bank Group and the Government of Japan established the Quality Infrastructure Investment Partnership to focus attention on the quality dimensions of infrastructure in developing countries, with a focus on promoting disaster resilience. Moreover, to support infrastructure investment decision making for sustainable and resilient development, the World Bank and Kyoto University have operationalized key resilience concepts at the project level and developed quantitative indicators capturing key aspects of infrastructure resilience related to the road transport sector. These indicators estimate resilience, expressed as functionality loss and recovery time across four dimensions: travel time, economic benefit, provision of life-saving services, and provision of relief goods. The paper applies indicator calculations to three case studies of proposed bypass roads in Japan and provides an example comparison of calculated indicators across the three projects for each resilience dimension. Further piloting of the approach will help refine the indicators, test their relative utility in decision making, and offer a better understanding of the data and analytical demands.
Climate Resilience --- Environment --- Infrastructure Prioritization --- Infrastructure Resilience --- Natural Disasters --- Quality Infrastructure --- Resilient Roads --- Roads and Highways Performance --- Transport
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This paper presents a methodology to identify key priority areas for transport investments. The methodology uses a geospatial data-driven approach and then proposes an innovative economic analysis for project appraisal. The two main steps involve (i) prioritization of road interventions based on a set of economic, social, and risk reduction criteria; and (ii) assessment of monetized and nonmonetized costs and benefits of road interventions under many scenarios covering the uncertainty on future risks and other factors. This methodology is used at different stages of project preparation for a rural roads lending operation to the Government of Mozambique. In the two regions of Mozambique considered, the analysis prioritizes regions along the coast when combining agriculture, fisheries, poverty, network criticality, and hazard risk criteria. With a limited budget of USD 15 million per district, the results show that investing in repairing and rehabilitating culverts and bridges is the intervention that performs better under most of the scenarios.
Climate Change --- Environment --- Flood Control --- Geospatial Analysis --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Robust Decision Making --- Rural Development --- Rural Roads Prioritization --- Transport Planning
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Governments are challenged to balance multiple policy goals and make difficult choices when selecting infrastructure projects for public investment, particularly since available funds are often insufficient to implement the full suite of proposals. This paper presents the application of the Infrastructure Prioritization Framework, a systematic, multi-criteria approach to infrastructure project prioritization, to inform the selection of water supply investments in Sri Lanka. A set of 28 proposed water supply projects was prioritized at the request of the National Planning Department of Sri Lanka, based on consideration of multiple goals, including improved water quality and service, network extension, service provision to poor communities, job creation, and sound financial performance. This paper reviews the Infrastructure Prioritization Framework methodology; presents the results of the prioritization exercise, including an expanded sensitivity analysis; and discusses the way forward to apply the Infrastructure Prioritization Framework to inform infrastructure investment decisions.
Composite Indices --- Infrastructure Economics and Finance --- Infrastructure Planning --- Infrastructure Prioritization --- Multi-Criteria Analysis --- Principal Component Analysis --- Public Investment --- Water --- Water Resources --- Water Supply --- Water Supply and Sanitation
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