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In this Special Issue of the journal, advancements in the treatment of liver diseases are illustrated by international experts in the field. New treatment options for primary biliary cirrhosis and, hopefully, primary sclerosing cholangitis are discussed. Up-to-date pharmacological therapy for preventing liver cirrhosis decompensation and treating acute-on-chronic liver failure is highlighted. Furthermore, new treatments for cholangiocarcinoma, based on biological and tissue markers, will be available in the near future, aiming to surpass the current unsatisfactory results of traditional therapies. Immunotherapy has been applied to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The new first-line treatment, combining atezolizumab plus bevacizumab for HCC in the intermediate and advanced stages, will allow for an increase in patient survival in the near future. Liver transplantation (LT) remains the preferred treatment for many patients with end-stage liver diseases and HCC. The selection criteria for LT in patients with HCC moved from morphological to dynamic criteria, such as those derived from the assessment of tumor responses to locoregional and/or systemic treatments before transplantation. This allowed many patients who would have been excluded from a transplantation with the old selection criteria to access one. Finally, a very interesting issue regarding new indications for liver transplantation is illustrated.

Public health & preventive medicine --- tolvaptan --- cirrhotic ascites --- survival rate --- furosemide --- primary biliary cholangitis --- autoantibodies --- ursodeoxycholic acid --- treatment response --- second line therapy --- primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) --- primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) --- clinical trials --- ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) --- Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) agonist --- Pan-Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) agonists --- liver cancer --- systemic treatment --- immunotherapy --- real-world --- unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma --- cirrhosis --- decompensation --- bleeding --- varices --- survival --- infection --- alcoholic hepatitis --- acute-on-chronic liver failure --- cholangiocarcinoma --- colorectal cancer metastases --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- liver transplantation --- Milan criteria --- alpha-fetoprotein --- solid organ transplantation --- liver injury --- immunosuppressant --- SARS-CoV-2 --- humoral response --- vaccination --- portal-systemic shunt --- ammonia --- vigilance --- HBV --- HDV --- antivirals --- functional cure --- pharmacology --- acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) --- liver transplantation (LT) --- decompensated cirrhosis --- portal hypertension --- ascites --- non-selective beta-blockers --- TIPS --- rifaximin --- human albumin --- statins --- targeted therapy --- effective hypovolemia --- anti-mineralocorticoids --- loop diuretics --- vaptans --- n/a

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

In this Special Issue of the journal, advancements in the treatment of liver diseases are illustrated by international experts in the field. New treatment options for primary biliary cirrhosis and, hopefully, primary sclerosing cholangitis are discussed. Up-to-date pharmacological therapy for preventing liver cirrhosis decompensation and treating acute-on-chronic liver failure is highlighted. Furthermore, new treatments for cholangiocarcinoma, based on biological and tissue markers, will be available in the near future, aiming to surpass the current unsatisfactory results of traditional therapies. Immunotherapy has been applied to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The new first-line treatment, combining atezolizumab plus bevacizumab for HCC in the intermediate and advanced stages, will allow for an increase in patient survival in the near future. Liver transplantation (LT) remains the preferred treatment for many patients with end-stage liver diseases and HCC. The selection criteria for LT in patients with HCC moved from morphological to dynamic criteria, such as those derived from the assessment of tumor responses to locoregional and/or systemic treatments before transplantation. This allowed many patients who would have been excluded from a transplantation with the old selection criteria to access one. Finally, a very interesting issue regarding new indications for liver transplantation is illustrated.

tolvaptan --- cirrhotic ascites --- survival rate --- furosemide --- primary biliary cholangitis --- autoantibodies --- ursodeoxycholic acid --- treatment response --- second line therapy --- primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) --- primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) --- clinical trials --- ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) --- Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) agonist --- Pan-Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) agonists --- liver cancer --- systemic treatment --- immunotherapy --- real-world --- unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma --- cirrhosis --- decompensation --- bleeding --- varices --- survival --- infection --- alcoholic hepatitis --- acute-on-chronic liver failure --- cholangiocarcinoma --- colorectal cancer metastases --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- liver transplantation --- Milan criteria --- alpha-fetoprotein --- solid organ transplantation --- liver injury --- immunosuppressant --- SARS-CoV-2 --- humoral response --- vaccination --- portal-systemic shunt --- ammonia --- vigilance --- HBV --- HDV --- antivirals --- functional cure --- pharmacology --- acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) --- liver transplantation (LT) --- decompensated cirrhosis --- portal hypertension --- ascites --- non-selective beta-blockers --- TIPS --- rifaximin --- human albumin --- statins --- targeted therapy --- effective hypovolemia --- anti-mineralocorticoids --- loop diuretics --- vaptans --- n/a

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Gastrointestinal tract disorders are a wide group of diseases involving both the gastrointestinal tube (esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine) and related organs (liver, pancreas, and gallbladder). These dysfunctions may differ by site, etiology, and severity, going from simple malfunctions to mere diseases. Because of their variety and heterogeneity, gastrointestinal disorders can affect many people and are widespread throughout the population. Therefore, scientific research in this area is facing a great challenge. Better knowledge of gastrointestinal disorders in terms of their pathophysiology, clinical features, and possible complications is necessary for the development of new diagnostic methods and therapeutic strategies. During the last several decades, some scientific developments have already been made, giving more opportunities to these patients. However, much remains to be discovered and to be done to help physicians in their everyday work and to give patients a better prognosis. The present Special Issue aims to highlight recent advances in gastrointestinal tract disorders, focusing on their diagnostic and therapeutic path, evolution, and complications.

Crohn’s disease --- ulcerative colitis --- biologics --- anemia --- gastroesophageal reflux --- cough --- asthma --- laryngo-pharyngeal reflux --- chest pain --- tooth erosions --- inflammatory bowel diseases --- sleep disorders --- sleep medicine --- PPI --- diverticulosis --- diverticulitis --- risk factors --- Marfan’s syndrome --- diverticula --- abdominal symptoms --- ultrasound --- infant --- food allergy --- fecal biomarkers --- tumor necrosis factor α --- eosinophil derived neurotoxin --- calprotectin --- Emorsan®Gel --- hemorrhoidal disease --- hemorrhoidectomy --- pain --- wound healing --- chronic idiopathic constipation --- constipation --- irritable bowel syndrome --- pathophysiology --- primary care --- medical students --- public health --- social media --- dietary habit --- pandemic --- dyspepsia --- diabetes --- gastroparesis --- inflammatory bowel disease --- SCORE --- carotid plaques --- cardiovascular risk --- dyssynergic defecation --- slow transit constipation --- motility --- colonic transit --- anorectal manometry --- gastrointestinal disorders --- endoscopic vacuum therapy --- etiology --- transmural defect --- upper gastrointestinal tract --- Helicobacter pylori --- eradication --- antibiotic resistance --- tailored --- empirical --- gastrointestinal bleeding --- new oral anticoagulants --- vitamin K antagonist --- rebleeding --- chronic gastritis --- peptic ulcer disease --- gastric cancer --- MALT-lymphoma --- therapy --- vaccines --- DA-9701 --- diabetic mouse model --- functional dyspepsia --- diabetic gastroparesis --- STZ --- gastrointestinal motility --- human leukocyte antigen --- celiac disease --- autoimmune hepatitis --- primary sclerosing cholangitis --- primary biliary cholangitis --- autoimmune pancreatitis --- IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis --- IgG4-related hepatopathy --- n/a --- Crohn's disease --- Marfan's syndrome