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Energy metabolism at whole-body, cellular, and even organelle, i.e., mitochondrial, levels requires adequate regulation in order to maintain or improve (metabolic) health. In eukaryotic cells, mitochondria are key players in energy (ATP) production via oxidative phosphorylation. Both macro- and micronutrients potentially influence energy metabolism and mitochondrial functioning, either as substrates for (oxidative) catabolism or as essential constituents of enzymes or protein complexes involved in (mitochondrial) energy metabolism. This book contains a valuable collection of empirical preclinical and human studies to assist in the development of understanding and progress this area of research on improving health and, more specifically, metabolic health.

Medicine --- insulin --- lipogenesis --- obesity --- glucose homeostasis --- adipocytes --- cortisol --- ketones --- s-IgA --- exercise --- low carbohydrate diet --- NAFLD --- omega-3 --- krill oil --- phospholipids --- high-fat diet --- C57BL/6N mice --- thermoneutral temperature --- iron deficiency --- striated skeletal muscle --- physical capacity --- fatigue --- mitochondrial metabolism --- complex I --- resting metabolic rate --- prediction equation --- ageing adults --- overweight --- adiposity-based chronic disease --- energy balance --- metabolism --- n/a

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This book creates a balance between the theory, practical applications, and computer implementation behind Regression--one of the most widely used techniques in analyzing and solving real world problems. The book begins with a thorough explanation of prerequisite knowledge with a discussion of Simple Regression Analysis including the computer applications. This is followed by Multiple Regression--a widely used tool to predict a response variable using two or more predictors. Since the analyses of regression models involve tedious and complex computations, complete computer analysis including the interpretation of multiple regression problems along with the model adequacy tests and residual analysis using widely used computer software are presented. The use of computers relieves the analyst of tedious, repetitive calculations, and allows one to focus on creating and interpreting successful models. Finally, the book extends the concepts to Regression and Modeling. Different models that provide a good fit to a set of data and provide a good prediction of the response variable are discussed. Among models discussed are the nonlinear, higher order, and interaction models, including models with qualitative variables. Computer analysis and interpretation of computer results are presented with real world applications. We also discuss all subset regression and stepwise regression with applications. Several flow charts are presented to illustrate the concepts. The statistical concepts for regression, computer instructions for the software-- Excel and MINITAB--used in the book and all of the data files used can be downloaded from the website link provided.

Regression analysis --- Data processing. --- coefficient of correlation --- correlation --- dependent variable --- dummy variable --- independent variable --- interaction model --- least squares estimates --- least squares prediction equation --- linear regression --- multiple coefficient of determination --- multiple regression and modeling --- nonlinear models --- regression line --- residual analysis --- scatterplot --- second-order model --- stepwise regression

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Ruminants contribute significantly to human food security. However, the production of ruminants contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that are responsible for climate change. GHGs such as methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide are produced from different processes of ruminant production. Ruminant enteric methane is a substantial component of methane produced by agriculture. This book presents novel and established methods in quantifying and reducing enteric methane emission from ruminants in different production systems. The book covers different types of ruminants including cattle, sheep, and goats. The chapters are contributed by scientists and authors from different parts of the world, demonstrating the importance of this problem and the universal drive for immediate and sustainable solutions. Although, biologically speaking, the production of enteric methane cannot be reduced to zero, high emissions are an indicator of inefficient digestion of feed in the rumen and low utilisation of feed energy. By presenting research that could lead to robust and yet practical quantification methods and mitigation strategies, this book not only contributes to the discourse and new knowledge on the magnitude of the problem but also brings forward potential solutions in different livestock production systems.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Technology, engineering, agriculture --- environmental modelling --- pasture systems --- nitrous oxide --- methane emissions --- nitrate leaching --- climate change --- heat stress --- goat --- immunization --- methane --- volatile fatty acids --- backgrounded cattle --- encapsulated nitrate --- essential oil --- nitrogen balance --- reduction strategy --- rumen fermentation --- microbial flora --- tea saponins --- Moringa oleifera --- fecal methanogenic community --- dairy cows --- mcrA gene sequencing technique --- methane emission --- tropical beef cattle --- Desmanthus --- supplementation --- growth performance --- ruminant nutrition --- legumes --- NDIR --- laser --- agreement --- enteric emissions --- interchangeability --- heifer --- forage-to-concentrate ratio --- prediction equation --- sulphur hexafluoride tracer technique --- genetic evaluation --- greenhouse gases --- environment --- dairy goat farming --- linear programming --- GHG emissions --- abatement cost --- mitigation options --- carbon footprint --- environmental modelling --- pasture systems --- nitrous oxide --- methane emissions --- nitrate leaching --- climate change --- heat stress --- goat --- immunization --- methane --- volatile fatty acids --- backgrounded cattle --- encapsulated nitrate --- essential oil --- nitrogen balance --- reduction strategy --- rumen fermentation --- microbial flora --- tea saponins --- Moringa oleifera --- fecal methanogenic community --- dairy cows --- mcrA gene sequencing technique --- methane emission --- tropical beef cattle --- Desmanthus --- supplementation --- growth performance --- ruminant nutrition --- legumes --- NDIR --- laser --- agreement --- enteric emissions --- interchangeability --- heifer --- forage-to-concentrate ratio --- prediction equation --- sulphur hexafluoride tracer technique --- genetic evaluation --- greenhouse gases --- environment --- dairy goat farming --- linear programming --- GHG emissions --- abatement cost --- mitigation options --- carbon footprint