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The rapid proliferation of the Internet has been driving communication networks closer and closer to their limits, while available bandwidth is disappearing due to an ever-increasing network load. Over the past decade, optical fiber communication technology has increased per fiber data rate from 10 Tb/s to exceeding 10 Pb/s. The major explosion came after the maturity of coherent detection and advanced digital signal processing (DSP). DSP has played a critical role in accommodating channel impairments mitigation, enabling advanced modulation formats for spectral efficiency transmission and realizing flexible bandwidth. This book aims to explore novel, advanced DSP techniques to enable multi-Tb/s/channel optical transmission to address pressing bandwidth and power-efficiency demands. It provides state-of-the-art advances and future perspectives of DSP as well.

equalization --- n/a --- space division multiplexing --- multi-input multi-output --- mode-division multiplexing --- mode-dependent loss --- caching --- neural network --- mitigation of optical transceiver impairments --- four-level pulse amplitude modulation --- least mean squares --- frequency-domain equalization --- nonlinearity compensation --- optical fiber communication --- optical communication --- modulators --- digital signal processing --- quadrature phase-shift keying --- space–time block-coding --- pointing error --- Device to Device --- fiber optics communications --- cycle-slip --- coherent communications --- coherent communication --- pluggable module --- recursive least squares --- data center interconnect --- average symbol length --- pulse position modulation–binary phase shift keying–subcarrier intensity modulation (PPM–BPSK–SIM) --- 400 Gigabit Ethernet --- direct detection --- QSFP-DD transceiver --- low-density parity-check (LDPC) --- coherent detection --- free space optical (FSO) --- carrier phase estimation --- optical communications --- bit error rate (BER) --- machine learning --- fiber optics links and subsystems --- short-reach optical links --- Indian Buffet Process --- pilot-aided-phase-unwrap --- space-time block-coding --- pulse position modulation-binary phase shift keying-subcarrier intensity modulation (PPM-BPSK-SIM)

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The interaction of metal with its environment that results in its chemical alteration is called metallic corrosion. According to the literature, corrosion is classified to two types: uniform and localized corrosion. Intervention in either in the alloy environment or in the alloy structure can provide the corrosion protection of metallic materials. Furthermore, the interference in the metal alloy environment can be conducted with the utilization of cathodic or anodic protection via the corresponding inhibitors. Therefore, the most common categorization is cathodic, anodic, and mixed-type inhibitors, taking into account which half-reaction they suppress during corrosion phenomena. The majority of the organic inhibitors are of mixed type and perform through chemisorption. In order to update the field of the corrosion protection of metal and metal alloys with the use of organic inhibitors, a Special Issue entitled "Advances in Organic Corrosion Inhibitors and Protective Coatings" is introduced. This book gathers and reviews a collection of ten contributions (nine articles and one review), from authors from Europe, Asia, and Africa, that were accepted for publication in this Special Issue of Applied Sciences.

corrosion --- reinforcements --- concrete --- slag --- LFS --- grounding grid --- metal corrosion --- topology detection --- corrosion detection --- nondestructive testing --- coating --- metallic bipolar plate --- PEMFC --- TiNb --- TiNbN --- brass --- chloride --- triazole derivatives --- poly(phenylene methylene) coatings --- PPM-related copolymer --- rheological additive-free polymer formulation --- AA2024 --- corrosion protection --- electrochemistry --- aluminum 7075 --- anodizing --- oil-impregnation --- corrosion resistance --- salt spray test --- Cerium oxide nanoparticles --- anti-reflection --- self-assembly --- microfluidics --- convective self-assembly --- corrosion inhibitor --- corrosion mechanism --- cysteine --- thin film --- C-Mnsteel --- corrosion inhibitors --- bio-copolymer --- starch --- glycerin --- mild steel --- EIS --- SEM --- Raman spectroscopy --- pitting corrosion --- synergistic effect --- n/a

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A smart city is a modern technology-driven urban area which uses sensing devices, information, and communication technology connected to the internet of things (IoTs) for the optimum and efficient utilization of infrastructures and services with the goal of improving the living conditions of citizens. Increasing populations, lower budgets, limited resources, and compatibility of the upgraded technologies are some of the few problems affecting the implementation of smart cities. Hence, there is continuous advancement regarding technologies for the implementation of smart cities. The aim of this Special Issue is to report on the design and development of integrated/smart sensors, a universal interfacing platform, along with the IoT framework, extending it to next-generation communication networks for monitoring parameters of interest with the goal of achieving smart cities. The proposed universal interfacing platform with the IoT framework will solve many challenging issues and significantly boost the growth of IoT-related applications, not just in the environmental monitoring domain but in the other key areas, such as smart home, assistive technology for the elderly care, smart city with smart waste management, smart E-metering, smart water supply, intelligent traffic control, smart grid, remote healthcare applications, etc., signifying benefits for all countries.

n/a --- data mining algorithms --- pressure sensors --- proactive content delivery --- Elman neural network --- cockroaches --- capacitive sensor --- renewable energy --- indoor comfort --- impedance measurement --- Internet of things (IoT) --- context awareness --- redundant capacity --- city behavior --- secondary traffic --- SDN --- ontology --- bi-reflector solar PV system (BRPVS) --- air quality --- ontology development --- assistive living --- sol-gel technique --- decision support system --- ambient assisted living --- LCC converter --- insect surveillance --- sensitivity --- wireless sensor node (WSN) --- unpowered --- load balancing --- wireless sensor network --- dynamic range --- solar --- anomaly detection --- location-based social networks --- real-time assessment --- porous alumina --- IoT --- building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) --- carbon nanotubes --- six-port structure --- domestic environment reconfiguration --- half bridge --- smart mat --- cloud computing --- differentiated services --- reflection-based --- nanocomposite sensor --- ppm --- chemical sensors --- sensor systems and applications --- tensile testing --- WSN --- smart traps --- ontology-based application --- hotel room comfort

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Nondestructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E) is one of the most important techniques for determining the quality and safety of materials, components, devices, and structures. NDT&E technologies include ultrasonic testing (UT), magnetic particle testing (MT), magnetic flux leakage testing (MFLT), eddy current testing (ECT), radiation testing (RT), penetrant testing (PT), and visual testing (VT), and these are widely used throughout the modern industry. However, some NDT processes, such as those for cleaning specimens and removing paint, cause environmental pollution and must only be considered in limited environments (time, space, and sensor selection). Thus, NDT&E is classified as a typical 3D (dirty, dangerous, and difficult) job. In addition, NDT operators judge the presence of damage based on experience and subjective judgment, so in some cases, a flaw may not be detected during the test. Therefore, to obtain clearer test results, a means for the operator to determine flaws more easily should be provided. In addition, the test results should be organized systemically in order to identify the cause of the abnormality in the test specimen and to identify the progress of the damage quantitatively.

composites --- multi-scale --- embedded damage --- non-destructive testing --- photoacoustic --- ultrasonic representation --- terahertz --- coded-aperture imaging --- convolution neural network (CNN) --- fast image reconstruction --- nondestructive evaluation --- acoustic nonlinearity parameter --- indirect method --- laser ultrasound --- fully non-contact --- surface acoustic wave --- UWB-PPM --- UWB-OOK --- buried objects --- nondestructive environment --- Levenberg–Marquardt method --- textured surface anomaly detection --- computer vision --- deep learning --- attention mechanism --- adaptive fusion --- power quality disturbances --- long short term memory --- convolutional neural network --- short time Fourier transform --- leaky Lamb wave --- semi-analytical finite element (SAFE) --- waveguide sensor --- finite-width plate --- waveguide plate --- width modes --- spatial beating --- Rayleigh–Sommerfeld integral (RSI) --- weld cracks --- eddy current nondestructive testing --- gradiently relative magnetic permeability --- heat affected zone --- austenitic stainless steel --- circulating fluidized bed combustion boiler --- water-cooled wall tube --- magnetic sensor array --- magnetic flux density --- flexible ultrasonic probe --- neutron irradiation embrittlement --- reactor pressure vessel --- magnetic nondestructive evaluation --- micromagnetic multiparameter microstructure and stress analysis 3MA --- magnetic adaptive testing --- 3D imaging of metal grains --- non-destructive testing methods --- stacking images --- SA106 carbon steel --- terahertz waves --- refractive index --- thickness measurement --- Shim stock films --- composite materials --- reflection mode --- neutron radiography --- Bragg-edge imaging --- gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) --- low transformation temperature (LTT) steel --- austenite-to-martensite transformation --- Debye–Waller factor --- n/a --- Levenberg-Marquardt method --- Rayleigh-Sommerfeld integral (RSI) --- Debye-Waller factor

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The aim of this Printed Edition of Special Issue entitled "Recent Advancements in Radar Imaging and Sensing Technology” was to gather the latest research results in the area of modern radar technology using active and/or radar imaging sensing techniques in different applications, including both military use and a broad spectrum of civilian applications. As a result, the 19 papers that have been published highlighted a variety of topics related to modern radar imaging and microwave sensing technology. The sequence of articles included in the Printed Edition of Special Issue dealt with wide aspects of different applications of radar imaging and sensing technology in the area of topics including high-resolution radar imaging, novel Synthetic Apertura Radar (SAR) and Inverse SAR (ISAR) imaging techniques, passive radar imaging technology, modern civilian applications of using radar technology for sensing, multiply-input multiply-output (MIMO) SAR imaging, tomography imaging, among others.

Technology: general issues --- microwave staring correlated imaging (MSCI) --- gain–phase errors --- strip --- self-calibration --- distributed MIMO radar --- target localization --- double-sided bistatic range (BR) --- microwave staring correlated imaging --- unsteady aerostat platform --- motion parameter fitting --- position error --- radar imaging --- synthetic aperture radar --- compressed sensing --- sparse reconstruction --- regularization --- passive forward scattering radar --- chirp rate estimation --- passive radar --- forward scattering radar --- radar measurements --- time-frequency analysis --- bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) --- hyperbolic approximation --- phase compensation --- modified omega-K --- ground-penetrating radar --- noise suppression --- singular value decomposition --- Hankel matrix --- window length optimization --- synthetic aperture radar (SAR) --- high resolution wide swath (HRWS) --- azimuth multichannel reconstruction --- phase center adaptation --- false targets suppression --- damped exponential (DE) model --- inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) --- radar signatures --- state–space approach (SSA) --- sparse representation --- polarimetric --- SAR tomography --- MIMO radar --- noise radar --- radar signal processing techniques --- analogue correlation --- modern radar applications --- delay line --- high pulse repetition frequency (HPRF) --- random frequency hopping (RFH) --- hypersonic aircraft --- SAR --- Synthetic Aperture Radar --- ASIFT --- Despeckling Filter --- Navigation --- Structure from Motion --- Iterative Closest Point --- radar tomography --- compressive sensing --- bistatic radar --- parameter-refined orthogonal matching pursuit (PROMP) --- orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) --- k-space tomography --- narrowband radar --- off-grid compressive sensing --- slow-time k-space --- spatial frequency --- Doppler radar tomography --- k-space augmentation --- high-resolution narrowband radar --- multiband processing --- bandwidth stitching --- multi-scale representation learning (MSRL) --- pyramid pooling module (PPM) --- compact depth-wise separable convolution (CSeConv) --- convolution auto-encoder (CAE) --- object classification --- CARABAS II --- ground scene prediction --- image stack --- multi-pass --- SAR images --- moving targets --- inverse SAR (ISAR) --- motion compensation --- hybrid SAR/ISAR --- improved rank-one phase estimation (IROPE) --- Gaofen-3 (GF-3) --- assive radar --- time-frequency reassignment