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This paper analyzes poverty in rural and semi-urban areas of Mexico (localities with less than 2,500 and 15,000 inhabitants, respectively) and it provides guidance on a social agenda and poverty alleviation strategy for rural Mexico. The analyses are based on INIGH and ENE datasets for 1992-2002. Monetary extreme poverty affected 42 percent of the rural population in dispersed rural areas and 21 percent in semi-urban areas in 2002, slightly less than one decade earlier. Most of the rural poor live in dispersed rural areas and 13.2 million people live in poverty in rural Mexico with less than 15,000 inhabitants. It is disproportionately a feature of households whose heads main job is in the agricultural sector, as self-employed farmers or rural laborers, and that have at most a primary education. However, the incidence of extreme rural poverty has declined since 1996 but at a slower pace than the decline in urban poverty. Hence, the rural-urban poverty gap increased in recent years and in some places extreme poverty is at least four times higher in rural than urban areas. Moreover, not only is the income gap in urban areas increasing, but also the gap between richer and poorer segments of the population.

Agricultural Sector --- Extreme Poverty --- Farmers --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Household Surveys --- Income --- Income Gap --- Population Policies --- Poverty --- Poverty Alleviation --- Poverty Alleviation Strategy --- Poverty Gap --- Poverty Line --- Poverty Lines --- Poverty Profile --- Poverty Reduction --- Rural --- Rural Areas --- Rural Development --- Rural Laborers --- Rural People --- Rural Poor --- Rural Population --- Rural Poverty --- Rural Poverty Reduction

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This book is a thorough and engaging examination of an institution and its young charges, set in the wider social, cultural, demographic and medical context of the eighteenth century. By examining the often short lives of abandoned babies, the book illustrates the variety of pathways to health, ill-health and death taken by the young and how it intersected with local epidemiology, institutional life and experiences of abandonment, feeding and child-care. For the first time, the characteristics of the babies abandoned to the London Foundling Hospital have been examined, highlighting the reasons parents and guardians had for giving up their charges. Clearly presented statistical analysis shows how these characteristics interacted with poverty and welfare to influence heath and survivorship across infancy and early childhood. The book builds up sources from Foundling Hospital records, medical tracts and parish registers to illustrate how the hospital managed the care of its children, and how it reflected wider medical ideas on feeding and child health. Child fostering, paid nursing and family formation in different parts of England are also examined, showing how this metropolitan institution called on a network of contacts to try to raise its charges to good health. This book will be of considerable significance to scholars working in economic and social history, medical and institutional history and histories of childhood and childcare in the early modern period. It will also be of interest to anthropologists interested in child-rearing and feeding practices, and inter-family relationships

Foundlings --- Abandoned children --- Health and hygiene --- History --- Services for --- Foundling Hospital (London, England) --- Thomas Coram Foundation --- Hospital for the Maintenance and Education of Exposed and Deserted Young Children (London, England) --- Hospital for the Reception of Exposed and Deserted Young Children (London, England) --- Thomas Coram Foundling Hospital --- London (England). --- England. --- London Foundling Hospital. --- abandonment. --- charity. --- childcare. --- ill-health. --- infant death. --- motherhood. --- nursing network. --- parish officials. --- patronage. --- poverty alleviation strategy. --- survival prospects. --- welfare.