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Climate change is anthropogenic - the product of billions of acts of daily consumption. That solutions need to be anthropogenic too is well accepted. Yet, suggested solutions are normally cast in the realms of finance and technology, often neglecting the primal root of the problem: individual behavior. An emerging body of social-psychology scholarship has examined the barriers and drivers of individual behavior in relation to both adaptation and mitigation. This paper reviews some of its conclusions, and suggests policy areas that should be considered in devising appropriate interventions.

Carbon dioxide --- Climate --- Climate Change --- Climate change --- Climatic change --- CO2 --- CO2 emissions --- Emissions --- Energy --- Energy and Environment --- Energy efficiency --- Energy efficient technologies --- Energy Production and Transportation --- Environment --- Environment and Energy Efficiency --- Flooding --- GHGs --- Global climate change --- Global warming --- Greenhouse gas --- Greenhouse gas emissions --- Negative feedback --- Positive feedback --- Reforestation --- Transaction costs --- Transport --- Transport and Environment --- Water use

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“Symmetry Breaking in Cells and Tissues” presents a collection of seventeen reviews, opinions and original research papers contributed by theoreticians, physicists and mathematicians, as well as experimental biologists, united by a common interest in biological pattern formation and morphogenesis. The contributors discuss diverse manifestations of symmetry breaking in biology and showcase recent developments in experimental and theoretical approaches to biological morphogenesis and pattern formation on multiple scales.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- actin waves --- curved proteins --- dynamic instability --- podosomes --- diffusion --- cell polarity --- Cdc42 --- stress --- cellular memory --- phase separation --- prions --- apoptotic extrusion --- oncogenic extrusion --- contractility --- actomyosin --- bottom-up synthetic biology --- motor proteins --- pattern formation --- self-organization --- cell motility --- signal transduction --- actin dynamics --- intracellular waves --- polarization --- direction sensing --- symmetry-breaking --- biphasic responses --- reaction-diffusion --- membrane and cortical tension --- cell fusion --- cortexillin --- cytokinesis --- Dictyostelium --- myosin --- symmetry breaking --- cytoplasmic flow --- phase-space analysis --- nonlinear waves --- actin polymerization --- bifurcation theory --- mass conservation --- spatial localization --- activator–inhibitor models --- developmental transitions --- cell polarization --- mathematical model --- fission yeast --- reaction–diffusion model --- small GTPases --- Cdc42 oscillations --- pseudopod --- Ras activation --- cytoskeleton --- chemotaxis --- neutrophils --- natural variation --- modelling --- activator-substrate mechanism --- mass-conserved models --- intracellular polarization --- partial differential equations --- sensitivity analysis --- GTPase activating protein (GAP) --- fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe --- CRY2-CIBN --- optogenetics --- clustering --- positive feedback --- network evolution --- Saccharomyces cerevisiae --- polarity --- modularity --- neutrality --- n/a

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The scientific study of complex systems has transformed a wide range of disciplines in recent years, enabling researchers in both the natural and social sciences to model and predict phenomena as diverse as earthquakes, global warming, demographic patterns, financial crises, and the failure of materials. In this book, Didier Sornette boldly applies his varied experience in these areas to propose a simple, powerful, and general theory of how, why, and when stock markets crash. Most attempts to explain market failures seek to pinpoint triggering mechanisms that occur hours, days, or weeks before the collapse. Sornette proposes a radically different view: the underlying cause can be sought months and even years before the abrupt, catastrophic event in the build-up of cooperative speculation, which often translates into an accelerating rise of the market price, otherwise known as a "bubble." Anchoring his sophisticated, step-by-step analysis in leading-edge physical and statistical modeling techniques, he unearths remarkable insights and some predictions--among them, that the "end of the growth era" will occur around 2050. Sornette probes major historical precedents, from the decades-long "tulip mania" in the Netherlands that wilted suddenly in 1637 to the South Sea Bubble that ended with the first huge market crash in England in 1720, to the Great Crash of October 1929 and Black Monday in 1987, to cite just a few. He concludes that most explanations other than cooperative self-organization fail to account for the subtle bubbles by which the markets lay the groundwork for catastrophe. Any investor or investment professional who seeks a genuine understanding of looming financial disasters should read this book. Physicists, geologists, biologists, economists, and others will welcome Why Stock Markets Crash as a highly original "scientific tale," as Sornette aptly puts it, of the exciting and sometimes fearsome--but no longer quite so unfathomable--world of stock markets.

Stocks --- Financial crises --- Prices --- History. --- United States. --- Asia. --- Black Monday. --- Dow Jones Industrial Average. --- Hong Kong. --- Latin America. --- Louis Bachelier. --- Nasdaq index. --- Nasdaq. --- Nikkei. --- Russia. --- South Sea bubble. --- anti-imitation. --- antibubble. --- arbitrage opportunities. --- bubble. --- collapse. --- complex systems. --- computational methods. --- cooperative behavior. --- cooperative speculation. --- crash hazard. --- currency crash. --- derivatives. --- discrete scale invariance. --- drawdown. --- efficient market. --- emergent markets. --- extreme events. --- financial crashes. --- finite-time singularity. --- forward prediction. --- fractals. --- free lunch. --- gold. --- hazard rate. --- hedging. --- herding. --- imitation. --- insurance portfolio. --- log-periodicity. --- market failure. --- natural scientists. --- outlier. --- population dynamics. --- positive feedback. --- power law. --- prediction. --- price-driven model. --- random walk. --- rational agent. --- renormalization group. --- returns. --- risk-driven model. --- risk. --- self-organization. --- self-similarity. --- social network. --- social scientists. --- speculative bubble. --- stock market crash. --- stock market indices. --- stock market prices. --- stock market. --- superhumans. --- sustainability. --- tronics boom. --- tulip mania. --- world economy.

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"We all recognize that climate change is a supremely important issue of our time, which requires both trans-national and trans-generational collaboration and shared responsibility. What we haven't yet fully appreciated, argues political philosopher Henry Shue, are the ethical considerations surrounding the fact that the next one or two decades will determine whether climate change, which already has led us to dangerous effects, will surge into inescapably disastrous effects. The people alive today thus represent a pivotal generation in human history. For the past two centuries humans have undermined our climate at an increasing rate, in ways that the present generations are the first to fully understand, and the last to be able to reverse. But our responsibility for decisive and immediate action rests on three special features of the relation of our present to the future, that many have failed to realize (1) future generations face dangers greater than ours even if we act robustly, (2) the worsening dangers for future generations are currently without limit, and (3) a less robust effort by us is likely to allow climate change to pass critical tipping points for severely worse and potentially unavoidable future dangers. Shue, a renowned scholar of ethics, politics and international relations who has been studying the ethics of climate change for the last two decades, guides us through what our ethical responsibilities to others are, both across the world but especially over time, and what those commitments require us to do in addressing the climate change crisis, now and forcefully"--

Climate change mitigation --- Environmental policy - United States --- Environmental ethics --- Climatic changes - Forecasting --- Climate change mitigation. --- Climate mitigation --- Climatic changes --- Climatic mitigation --- Mitigation of climate change --- Environmental protection --- Mitigation --- Acid rain. --- Alternative energy. --- American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. --- Analogy. --- Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. --- BNP Paribas. --- Bank. --- Behalf. --- Biofuel. --- Bribery. --- Business plan. --- Carbon Energy. --- Carbon capture and storage. --- Chesapeake Energy. --- China Construction Bank. --- Climate change. --- Climate risk. --- Climate. --- Combustion. --- Competitiveness. --- Contempt. --- Core business. --- Criticism. --- Customer. --- Deep sea. --- Deforestation. --- Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. --- Economic cost. --- Economy and Society. --- Electricity generation. --- Energy development. --- Environmental impact of the coal industry. --- Ethane (data page). --- Every Nation. --- Externality. --- Filing (legal). --- Filing (metalworking). --- Financial Regulator. --- Fossil fuel. --- Frustration. --- Future generation. --- Geological formation. --- Global warming. --- Government. --- Gradualism. --- Grandparent. --- Greenhouse gas. --- Greenland ice sheet. --- Heat flux. --- Hedge fund. --- High-voltage direct current. --- Incentive. --- Infrastructure. --- Intermittency. --- International Energy Agency. --- Low-carbon economy. --- Market mechanism. --- Melting. --- Methane. --- Misinformation. --- National wealth. --- Natural gas. --- Norm (social). --- Occidental Petroleum. --- Occupational safety and health. --- Oil well. --- Ownership (psychology). --- Payment. --- Petroleum industry. --- Pipeline transport. --- Plastic pollution. --- Plastic. --- Political corruption. --- Pollution. --- Positive feedback. --- Requirement. --- Responsiveness. --- Saudi Arabia. --- Saving. --- Scale In. --- Scientist. --- Sea level rise. --- Sea level. --- Shorthand. --- Social disruption. --- Sociotechnical system. --- Soil. --- Sovereign state. --- Standard of living. --- Suggestion. --- Technology. --- Too big to fail. --- Useful Life. --- Vegetation. --- Water supply. --- Wealth. --- Window function. --- World economy. --- Year. --- ethylene. --- Environmental policy --- Environmental ethics. --- Forecasting.

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At the heart of human intelligence rests a fundamental puzzle: How are we incredibly smart and stupid at the same time? No existing machine can match the power and flexibility of human perception, language, and reasoning. Yet, we routinely commit errors that reveal the failures of our thought processes. 'What Makes Us Smart' makes sense of this paradox by arguing that our cognitive errors are not haphazard. Rather, they are the inevitable consequences of a brain optimized for efficient inference and decision making within the constraints of time, energy, and memory - in other words, data and resource limitations. Framing human intelligence in terms of these constraints, Samuel Gershman shows how a deeper computational logic underpins the 'stupid' errors of human cognition.

Cognition --- Cognitive psychology. --- Age factors. --- Psychology, Cognitive --- Cognitive science --- Psychology --- Age factors in cognition --- Ability, Influence of age on --- Cognition. --- Intellect. --- Human intelligence --- Intelligence --- Mind --- Ability --- Thought and thinking --- Accuracy and precision. --- Action potential. --- Ad hoc hypothesis. --- Ad hominem. --- Adaptive bias. --- Almost surely. --- Alternative hypothesis. --- Altruism. --- Ambiguity. --- Analogy. --- Anecdote. --- Approximation. --- Attractiveness. --- Bayes' theorem. --- Bayesian inference. --- Bayesian probability. --- Bayesian. --- Behavior. --- Circular reasoning. --- Cognitive flexibility. --- Cognitive style. --- Commitment device. --- Confidence. --- Confirmation bias. --- Conspiracy theory. --- Controllability. --- Counterintuitive. --- Credibility. --- Decision-making. --- Effectiveness. --- Efficacy. --- Efficiency. --- Efficient coding hypothesis. --- Efficient frontier. --- Estimation. --- Expected value. --- Explanation. --- Fair coin. --- Fair market value. --- Gimmick. --- Guessing. --- Heuristic. --- Hot Hand. --- Human intelligence. --- Hypothesis. --- Illusion of control. --- Inductive bias. --- Inference. --- Intelligent design. --- Learnability. --- Lightness (philosophy). --- Likelihood function. --- Logical extreme. --- Logical reasoning. --- Moral hazard. --- Motivated reasoning. --- Mutual exclusivity. --- Natural approach. --- Normative. --- Observation. --- Observational learning. --- Of Miracles. --- Opportunity cost. --- Optimism bias. --- Optimism. --- Our Choice. --- Pairwise comparison. --- Perfect rationality. --- Physical attractiveness. --- Point estimation. --- Politeness. --- Positive feedback. --- Predictability. --- Prediction. --- Predictive coding. --- Predictive power. --- Principle of rationality. --- Prior probability. --- Probability. --- Prosocial behavior. --- Quantity. --- Rational agent. --- Rational choice theory. --- Rationality. --- Reason. --- Reinforcement learning. --- Result. --- Self-control. --- Sophistication. --- Spontaneous recovery. --- Strong inference. --- Suggestion. --- Theory. --- Thought. --- Truth value. --- Uncertainty. --- Utility. --- Value of information. --- With high probability. --- PSYCHOLOGY / Cognitive Psychology & Cognition --- COMPUTERS / Logic Design