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The use of ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) has accelerated over the past two decades in a wide variety of industrial processes (electrodialysis, electro-electrodialysis, electrolysis, dialysis, etc.) for applications related to chemical, pharmaceutical and food industries, energy production, water treatments, etc. Organic and mineral fouling (or scaling) phenomena are two major factors limiting the efficiencies of IEMs processes and performances (reduction of the IEMs selectivity and stability, increase of their electrical resistance, deduction of the energy efficiency of the process, etc.) leading to significant economic losses. The current washing, cleaning and sterilization processes (anti-fouling treatments) make it possible to recover some of the IEMs performances, but frequently induce degradation on the membrane material. Another essential point in the fouling studies is the choice of the best and appropriate analysis and diagnostic technique to evaluate this or that magnitude, or observe this or that object on the surface or in the mass of the membrane. This book is focused on recent advancements in techniques for diagnosing and characterizing the fouling effects on membranes, in mechanisms governing this complex phenomenon, and in the various innovative and economically viable solutions for reducing fouling.

Technology: general issues --- ion-exchange membrane --- tartaric stabilization of wine --- enzymatic cleaning --- organic fouling --- reactive electrochemical membrane --- porous electrode --- anodic oxidation --- hydroxyl radicals --- fouling --- surface modification --- electroconvection --- voltammetry --- chronopotentiometry --- impedance spectroscopy --- electrodialysis --- deaerator --- herring milt hydrolysate --- deodorization --- off-flavors --- trimethylamine --- water dissociation --- polyaniline --- mineral scaling --- electrochemical acidification --- casein --- concentration polarization --- Reynolds number --- mode of current --- flow flush --- electrochemical impedance spectroscopy --- anion-exchange membrane --- wine --- anthocyanins --- biofouling --- food industry --- foulant identification --- fouling mechanisms --- transport --- mechanical and electrochemical properties --- modelling and experiment --- cleaning --- n/a

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Catalysts are widely used in a great variety of technologies, providing remarkable efficiency in order to address sustainable energy production, climate change challenges, and to reduce industrial emissions. In the framework of the Environmental Catalysis section promoted by the Catalysts Editorial Office, this Special Issue, entitled “Environmental Friendly Catalysts for Energy and Pollution Control Applications”, comprises novel studies representing the state-of-the-art research for efficient energy generation and industrial emission control based on new environmentally friendly catalyst materials (EFCs). In particular, in this Special Issue (SI), different kinds of catalysts are presented for catalytic solutions, including the reduction of NOx emissions (new zeolite catalyst modified with Pt), the elimination of volatile organic compounds (Co3O4@SiO2 and acidic surface transformed natural zeolite) and the removal of SO2 emissions (through adsorption processes with sodium citrate). Moreover, novel biocatalysts for bioanodes and new functional nanostructured catalysts based on metal–organic framework (MOFs) for different applications are also included. Additionally, articles compiled in this SI are also focused on the improvement of catalytic processes. Thus, selected processes based on activated carbons (modified with titanium dioxide) and optimized Fenton processes for the removal of aqueous organic pollutants or for the inactivation of bacteria are also presented.

Technology: general issues --- Environmental science, engineering & technology --- photocatalysis --- organic wastewater --- preparation method --- degradation --- characterizations --- hybridization --- exoelectrogen --- biocatalyst --- microenvironment --- porous electrode --- anaerobic --- recalcitrant compounds --- E. coli K12 --- methylene blue --- optimization --- Pareto chart --- perturbation graph --- Pt-based promoter --- CO oxidation --- environmental catalysis --- refinery compliance --- fluid catalytic cracking --- FCC --- sodium citrate --- sodium humate --- SO2 --- absorption --- BaQD --- carbamazepine --- ferric coordination complex --- photo-Fenton --- turbidity --- cyanide --- activated carbon --- titanium dioxide --- composites --- continuous flow --- adsorption --- catalytic ozonation --- Lewis and Brønsted acid sites --- natural zeolite --- reaction mechanism --- toluene --- three-phase modelling --- fixed-bed reactor --- wastewater treatment --- phenol --- granular activated carbon --- Ad/Ox --- volatile organic compounds --- core–shell structures --- spherical polymer templates --- Co3O4 --- Pd-based promoter --- NOx emission --- metal–organic frameworks --- heterogeneous catalysis --- carbon dioxide --- biomass --- hydrogenation --- oxidation --- Fisher-Tropsch --- photocatalysis --- organic wastewater --- preparation method --- degradation --- characterizations --- hybridization --- exoelectrogen --- biocatalyst --- microenvironment --- porous electrode --- anaerobic --- recalcitrant compounds --- E. coli K12 --- methylene blue --- optimization --- Pareto chart --- perturbation graph --- Pt-based promoter --- CO oxidation --- environmental catalysis --- refinery compliance --- fluid catalytic cracking --- FCC --- sodium citrate --- sodium humate --- SO2 --- absorption --- BaQD --- carbamazepine --- ferric coordination complex --- photo-Fenton --- turbidity --- cyanide --- activated carbon --- titanium dioxide --- composites --- continuous flow --- adsorption --- catalytic ozonation --- Lewis and Brønsted acid sites --- natural zeolite --- reaction mechanism --- toluene --- three-phase modelling --- fixed-bed reactor --- wastewater treatment --- phenol --- granular activated carbon --- Ad/Ox --- volatile organic compounds --- core–shell structures --- spherical polymer templates --- Co3O4 --- Pd-based promoter --- NOx emission --- metal–organic frameworks --- heterogeneous catalysis --- carbon dioxide --- biomass --- hydrogenation --- oxidation --- Fisher-Tropsch

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Catalysts are widely used in a great variety of technologies, providing remarkable efficiency in order to address sustainable energy production, climate change challenges, and to reduce industrial emissions. In the framework of the Environmental Catalysis section promoted by the Catalysts Editorial Office, this Special Issue, entitled “Environmental Friendly Catalysts for Energy and Pollution Control Applications”, comprises novel studies representing the state-of-the-art research for efficient energy generation and industrial emission control based on new environmentally friendly catalyst materials (EFCs). In particular, in this Special Issue (SI), different kinds of catalysts are presented for catalytic solutions, including the reduction of NOx emissions (new zeolite catalyst modified with Pt), the elimination of volatile organic compounds (Co3O4@SiO2 and acidic surface transformed natural zeolite) and the removal of SO2 emissions (through adsorption processes with sodium citrate). Moreover, novel biocatalysts for bioanodes and new functional nanostructured catalysts based on metal–organic framework (MOFs) for different applications are also included. Additionally, articles compiled in this SI are also focused on the improvement of catalytic processes. Thus, selected processes based on activated carbons (modified with titanium dioxide) and optimized Fenton processes for the removal of aqueous organic pollutants or for the inactivation of bacteria are also presented.

photocatalysis --- organic wastewater --- preparation method --- degradation --- characterizations --- hybridization --- exoelectrogen --- biocatalyst --- microenvironment --- porous electrode --- anaerobic --- recalcitrant compounds --- E. coli K12 --- methylene blue --- optimization --- Pareto chart --- perturbation graph --- Pt-based promoter --- CO oxidation --- environmental catalysis --- refinery compliance --- fluid catalytic cracking --- FCC --- sodium citrate --- sodium humate --- SO2 --- absorption --- BaQD --- carbamazepine --- ferric coordination complex --- photo-Fenton --- turbidity --- cyanide --- activated carbon --- titanium dioxide --- composites --- continuous flow --- adsorption --- catalytic ozonation --- Lewis and Brønsted acid sites --- natural zeolite --- reaction mechanism --- toluene --- three-phase modelling --- fixed-bed reactor --- wastewater treatment --- phenol --- granular activated carbon --- Ad/Ox --- volatile organic compounds --- core–shell structures --- spherical polymer templates --- Co3O4 --- Pd-based promoter --- NOx emission --- metal–organic frameworks --- heterogeneous catalysis --- carbon dioxide --- biomass --- hydrogenation --- oxidation --- Fisher-Tropsch