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Mechanical processing is just one step in the value chain of metal production, but to some exten,t it determines an effectiveness of separation through suitable preparation of the raw material for beneficiation processes through production of required particle sze composition and useful mineral liberation. The issue is mostly related to techniques of comminution and size classification, but it also concerns methods of gravity separation, as well as modeling and optimization. Technological and economic assessment supplements the issue.

belt ore measurement --- convolutional neural network --- image processing --- contour detection --- OpenCV --- brittle materials --- uniaxial compression --- comminution --- particle size --- movement characteristics --- particle velocity --- kinetic energy --- spatial distribution --- flotation --- copper ore --- lithology --- flotation agents --- particle size distribution --- taxonomic methods --- Dual-Energy X-ray Transmission (DE-XRT) --- sulphide --- polymetallic --- vibrating flip-flow screen --- DEM --- wet stick material --- JKR model --- separation performance --- aggregates --- jig beneficiation --- mineral processing --- raw materials --- separation --- enrichment --- HPGR --- approximation of particle size --- sieving screen --- diagnostics --- predictive maintenance --- wavelet transformation --- n/a

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This Special Issue contains ten papers which focus on emerging geophysical techniques for mineral exploration, novel modeling, and interpretation methods, including joint inversions of multi physics data, and challenging case studies. The papers cover a wide range of mineral deposits, including banded iron formations, epithermal gold–silver–copper–iron–molybdenum deposits, iron-oxide–copper–gold deposits, and prospecting forgroundwater resources.

Research & information: general --- geophysical electromagnetic modelling --- CSAMT --- CSRMT --- CSEM --- linear slip model --- grid-characteristic method --- elastic waves --- modeling and inversion --- seismic methods --- Zhuxi ore deposit --- control source --- dense array --- body wave tomography --- 3D focusing migration --- regularization --- conjugate migration direction --- fast imaging --- skarn-type iron deposits --- Gadarwara --- central India --- mineralization --- IOCG --- Narmada-Son-Lineament --- Magnetic anomaly --- preconditioned jacobian-free Newton-Krylov (JFNK) method --- undulating terrain --- gravity focusing density inversion --- adaptive equivalent-dimension --- polymetallic minerals --- unstructured mesh and structured mesh --- inversion --- induced polarization --- electromagnetics --- three-dimensional --- effective medium --- discovery --- phosphate mines --- geophysical exploration --- hydrogeology --- phosphate extraction --- gantour Basin --- Ouled Abdoun Basin --- Morocco --- iron deposit --- mineral exploration --- transient electromagnetic method --- magnetotelluric method --- single point continuous motion detection --- gravity --- magnetics --- magnetization vector --- remanent magnetization --- joint inversion --- geophysical electromagnetic modelling --- CSAMT --- CSRMT --- CSEM --- linear slip model --- grid-characteristic method --- elastic waves --- modeling and inversion --- seismic methods --- Zhuxi ore deposit --- control source --- dense array --- body wave tomography --- 3D focusing migration --- regularization --- conjugate migration direction --- fast imaging --- skarn-type iron deposits --- Gadarwara --- central India --- mineralization --- IOCG --- Narmada-Son-Lineament --- Magnetic anomaly --- preconditioned jacobian-free Newton-Krylov (JFNK) method --- undulating terrain --- gravity focusing density inversion --- adaptive equivalent-dimension --- polymetallic minerals --- unstructured mesh and structured mesh --- inversion --- induced polarization --- electromagnetics --- three-dimensional --- effective medium --- discovery --- phosphate mines --- geophysical exploration --- hydrogeology --- phosphate extraction --- gantour Basin --- Ouled Abdoun Basin --- Morocco --- iron deposit --- mineral exploration --- transient electromagnetic method --- magnetotelluric method --- single point continuous motion detection --- gravity --- magnetics --- magnetization vector --- remanent magnetization --- joint inversion

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Within the last decade, the high and continuing demand for precious and base metals, as well as critical elements, has prompted a global rush on a scale never before seen. This eventually resulted in the demand for considerable innovation and improvement in mineral deposit genetic modelling and ore formation regimes for the many different types of gold deposits, now recognized, and paralleled by the wide employment of exploration techniques and a rapid expansion of geological databases. This Special Issue will show case studies of porphyry polymetal systems, orogenic gold formations, water–rock reaction, ore-forming structure evolution, mineralogy and petrology of ore deposit, ore formation regime, geochronology and geochemistry of ore deposit, ore-forming evolution, mineral exploration and cutting-edge technology in ore deposit study.

n/a --- syenite --- petrogenesis --- North China Craton --- Hongyan deposit --- Yangshan gold belt --- mineral geo-thermometry --- water–rock interaction --- Pinglidian gold deposit --- lithospheric architecture --- Liaodong Peninsula --- visible gold --- Zhengchong gold deposit --- stable isotopes --- geochemistry --- ore shoots --- high fugacity --- Huangshaping --- zircon U-Pb dating --- orogenic gold deposit --- high-silica adakitic rocks (HSA) --- zircon U–Pb dating --- zircon geochronology --- middle–late Jurassic --- Rare-Earth Elements --- Tiantangshan tin polymetallic deposit --- whole-rock geochemistry --- fluid inclusions --- low Sr and high Yb A2-type granite --- W–Sn skarn --- Jiaodong area --- hydrous melts --- quartz vein --- hydrothermal alteration halo --- fluid inclusion --- archean basement --- H–O isotope --- Sizhuang gold deposit --- South China --- invisible gold --- granite petrogenesis --- Zaorendao gold deposit --- geostatistics --- SE China --- physicochemical condition of mineralization --- metallogenesis --- structural control --- constraints on mineralization --- Northwestern Yunnan Province --- ore-forming processes --- zircon Hf isotopes --- metallogenic rule --- rock geochemistry --- Shizhuyuan --- Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf isotopes --- immiscibility --- Jiaodong Peninsula --- Mo-polymetallic deposit --- Permian A-type granite --- precipitation mechanism --- Jiangnan orogenic belt --- Chishan alkaline complex --- A-type granite --- in situ study --- magmatic oxygen fugacity --- Jiaodong --- Liaoning Province --- oxidation state --- Re–Os dating --- Saima deposit --- C–H–O isotopes --- sericite --- gold deposition --- post-collisional slab break-off --- Hf-Nd isotopic mapping --- geochronology --- Sr–Nd isotopes --- Inner Mongolia --- Zaozigou deposit --- Pulang porphyry Cu (–Mo–Au) deposit --- Haoyaoerhudong gabbro --- trace element --- Cu-Au hydrothermal mineralization --- molybdenite Re-Os dating --- Hegenshan-Heihe suture zone --- Late Cretaceous --- Great Xing’an Range --- SW China --- Hongshan skarn deposit --- tin mineralization --- Xianghualing --- Hf isotopes --- post-collisional --- hydrothermal calcite --- molybdenite Re–Os dating --- LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb dating --- Sanshandao gold deposit --- China --- Lu–Hf isotopes --- orogenic-gold deposit --- garnet Sm–Nd dating --- paleo-Tethyan ocean closure --- Weilasituo Sn-polymetallic deposit --- West Qinling --- mantle branch --- formation temperature --- ore prospecting target --- Dongbulage --- niobium mineralization --- LA-ICP-MS --- quartz --- C–O isotopes --- acidity --- Beiya Au deposit --- ore-controlling structures --- U–Pb zircon age --- Koka deposit --- zircon U–Pb geochronology --- skarn mineralogy --- Phapon gold deposit --- water-rock interaction --- middle-late Jurassic --- W-Sn skarn --- H-O isotope --- Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopes --- Re-Os dating --- C-H-O isotopes --- Sr-Nd isotopes --- Pulang porphyry Cu (-Mo-Au) deposit --- Great Xing'an Range --- LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating --- Lu-Hf isotopes --- garnet Sm-Nd dating --- C-O isotopes --- U-Pb zircon age --- zircon U-Pb geochronology

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The development of sustainable supplies of critical minerals and metals is required if society is to succeed in the decarbonisation of the global economy. While the discovery of critical metal deposits is urgent, of equal importance is understanding the life cycle of critical metals that are already in the economy. This book includes ten empirical studies on both the discovery and investigations of the life cycle of critical metals. A wide range of critical metals in the hydrothermal system, including Co, Ga, Ge, Re, REEs, In, Sb, Sn and W, were investigated by researchers from China, Australia, North America and Europe. These studies present an advanced understanding of the genesis of global critical metal resources, by utilising traditional and non-traditional analytical approaches. This book also promotes the green mining concept. Innovative technological development that allows extracting additional critical metals from current production and from historic mine wastes is reported. Academics and practitioners will find, in this book, very recent case studies of geochemistry, mineralogy, geometallurgy and the exploration of critical metals in various hydrothermal systems, as well as the major challenges and opportunities facing academic research and industrial mineral exploration.

Research & information: general --- REE precipitation --- thermodynamic modelling --- Bayan Obo REE-Nb-Fe deposit --- cobalt supply --- rhenium --- gold --- by-products --- pyrite processing --- geo-metallurgy --- porphyry-type mining --- green mining --- Re-Os dating --- fluid inclusions --- H-O isotope --- quartz-vein tungsten deposit --- eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt --- pXRF --- antimony --- mineral exploration --- Vendean antimony district --- sphalerite --- trace elements --- Hilton Zn-Pb (Ag) --- sulphides --- Mount Isa --- critical metals --- hydrometallurgy --- leachate --- ICP-MS --- polymetallic sulphides --- granite --- copper --- mining waste --- waste rock --- recovery rate --- sustainability --- ore genesis --- fluid evolution --- REE enrichment --- carbonatite-related REE deposit --- Qianjiadian uranium deposit --- Songliao Basin --- mafic rocks --- tectonic inversion --- reducing barrier --- U mineralization --- LA-ICPMS --- Jiangnan tungsten ore belt --- Zhuxiling W (Mo) deposit --- reduced skarn --- Mn-rich garnet --- deep-sea sediment --- eastern South Pacific --- bioapatite --- hydrothermal fluids --- LA-(MC)-ICP-MS --- n/a

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This Special Issue contains ten papers which focus on emerging geophysical techniques for mineral exploration, novel modeling, and interpretation methods, including joint inversions of multi physics data, and challenging case studies. The papers cover a wide range of mineral deposits, including banded iron formations, epithermal gold–silver–copper–iron–molybdenum deposits, iron-oxide–copper–gold deposits, and prospecting forgroundwater resources.

geophysical electromagnetic modelling --- CSAMT --- CSRMT --- CSEM --- linear slip model --- grid-characteristic method --- elastic waves --- modeling and inversion --- seismic methods --- Zhuxi ore deposit --- control source --- dense array --- body wave tomography --- 3D focusing migration --- regularization --- conjugate migration direction --- fast imaging --- skarn-type iron deposits --- Gadarwara --- central India --- mineralization --- IOCG --- Narmada-Son-Lineament --- Magnetic anomaly --- preconditioned jacobian-free Newton-Krylov (JFNK) method --- undulating terrain --- gravity focusing density inversion --- adaptive equivalent-dimension --- polymetallic minerals --- unstructured mesh and structured mesh --- inversion --- induced polarization --- electromagnetics --- three-dimensional --- effective medium --- discovery --- phosphate mines --- geophysical exploration --- hydrogeology --- phosphate extraction --- gantour Basin --- Ouled Abdoun Basin --- Morocco --- iron deposit --- mineral exploration --- transient electromagnetic method --- magnetotelluric method --- single point continuous motion detection --- gravity --- magnetics --- magnetization vector --- remanent magnetization --- joint inversion --- n/a