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Three-dimensional (3D) printing has evolved massively during the last years. The 3D printing technologies offer various advantages, including: i) tailor-made design, ii) rapid prototyping, and iii) manufacturing of complex structures. Importantly, 3D printing is currently finding its potential in tissue engineering, wound dressings, tissue models for drug testing, prosthesis, and biosensors, to name a few. One important factor is the optimized composition of inks that can facilitate the deposition of cells, fabrication of vascularized tissue and the structuring of complex constructs that are similar to functional organs. Biocomposite inks can include synthetic and natural polymers, such as poly (ε-caprolactone), polylactic acid, collagen, hyaluronic acid, alginate, nanocellulose, and may be complemented with cross-linkers to stabilize the constructs and with bioactive molecules to add functionality. Inks that contain living cells are referred to as bioinks and the process as 3D bioprinting. Some of the key aspects of the formulation of bioinks are, e.g., the tailoring of mechanical properties, biocompatibility and the rheological behavior of the ink which may affect the cell viability, proliferation, and cell differentiation.The current Special Issue emphasizes the bio-technological engineering of novel biocomposite inks for various 3D printing technologies, also considering important aspects in the production and use of bioinks.

Information technology industries --- bacteria biofabrication --- 3D printing --- tissue engineering --- probiotic food --- pine sawdust --- soda ethanol pulping --- nanocellulose --- cytotoxicity --- absorption --- wound dressings --- bioprinting --- cellulose --- hydrogel --- physical cross-linking --- 3D bioprinting --- biocomposite ink --- tubular tissue --- tubular organ --- bacterial nanocellulose --- cellulose nanofibrils --- cellulose nanocrystals --- bioink --- collagen --- ECM --- extracellular matrix --- bioinks --- biomanufacturing --- biocomposite --- forest-based MFC --- fibrils --- additive manufacturing --- artificial limb --- fused deposition modeling (FDM) --- biofabrication --- hydrogels --- growth factor cocktail --- bioactive scaffold --- printability --- carboxylated agarose --- free-standing --- human nasal chondrocytes --- clinical translational --- polyhydroxyalkanoates --- scaffolds --- biomedicine --- drug delivery --- vessel stenting --- cancer --- 3D cell culture --- CNF --- cancer stemness --- n/a

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This Special Issue aims to highlight the dual potential of novel biocatalytic processes, where the first part is dedicated to waste valorization for the production of high value products, while the second part is focused on the detoxification of pollutants. Several examples of microbial systems employed for the valorization of waste streams derived by the forest, agricultural, and food industries or the use of whole-cell or enzyme approaches for the removal of nitrogen or dyes from industrial wastewaters are provided. Last but not least, an example of the utilization of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) was highlighted for the production of fatty acids, which were used for the enzymatic synthesis of sugar esters with antimicrobial properties.

Technology: general issues --- mixotrophic --- heterotrophic --- lipids --- fatty acid methyl esters --- dairy wastewater --- birch hydrolysate --- green algae --- Coelastrella --- Chlorella --- DyP peroxidase --- oxidoreductase --- reactive dye --- decolorization --- biopolymers --- medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) --- hydrolysed waste cooking oil --- Pseudomonas putida KT2440 --- biocatalysis --- bioprocess --- polyhydroxyalkanoate --- (R)-3-hydroxyacids --- sugar esters --- antimicrobial --- anammox --- immobilization --- wastewater treatment --- polyvinyl alcohol --- olive mill waste --- lignocellulosic residues --- Ganoderma lucidum --- Pleurotus ostreatus --- medicinal mushrooms --- glucan --- prebiotic --- Lactobacillus --- Bifidobacterium --- waste valorization --- laccase --- genome-mining --- heterologous expression --- Pseudomonas --- non-digestible oligosaccharides --- Celluclast® --- cellobiose --- conduritol-B-epoxide --- lignocellulose enzyme hydrolysis --- n/a

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Three-dimensional (3D) printing has evolved massively during the last years. The 3D printing technologies offer various advantages, including: i) tailor-made design, ii) rapid prototyping, and iii) manufacturing of complex structures. Importantly, 3D printing is currently finding its potential in tissue engineering, wound dressings, tissue models for drug testing, prosthesis, and biosensors, to name a few. One important factor is the optimized composition of inks that can facilitate the deposition of cells, fabrication of vascularized tissue and the structuring of complex constructs that are similar to functional organs. Biocomposite inks can include synthetic and natural polymers, such as poly (ε-caprolactone), polylactic acid, collagen, hyaluronic acid, alginate, nanocellulose, and may be complemented with cross-linkers to stabilize the constructs and with bioactive molecules to add functionality. Inks that contain living cells are referred to as bioinks and the process as 3D bioprinting. Some of the key aspects of the formulation of bioinks are, e.g., the tailoring of mechanical properties, biocompatibility and the rheological behavior of the ink which may affect the cell viability, proliferation, and cell differentiation.The current Special Issue emphasizes the bio-technological engineering of novel biocomposite inks for various 3D printing technologies, also considering important aspects in the production and use of bioinks.

bacteria biofabrication --- 3D printing --- tissue engineering --- probiotic food --- pine sawdust --- soda ethanol pulping --- nanocellulose --- cytotoxicity --- absorption --- wound dressings --- bioprinting --- cellulose --- hydrogel --- physical cross-linking --- 3D bioprinting --- biocomposite ink --- tubular tissue --- tubular organ --- bacterial nanocellulose --- cellulose nanofibrils --- cellulose nanocrystals --- bioink --- collagen --- ECM --- extracellular matrix --- bioinks --- biomanufacturing --- biocomposite --- forest-based MFC --- fibrils --- additive manufacturing --- artificial limb --- fused deposition modeling (FDM) --- biofabrication --- hydrogels --- growth factor cocktail --- bioactive scaffold --- printability --- carboxylated agarose --- free-standing --- human nasal chondrocytes --- clinical translational --- polyhydroxyalkanoates --- scaffolds --- biomedicine --- drug delivery --- vessel stenting --- cancer --- 3D cell culture --- CNF --- cancer stemness --- n/a

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This book deals with the latest developments regarding urban and industrial wastewaters’ adapted treatment with various technologies. It focuses, through valuable publications, on the shifting of the wastewater management paradigm from “treatment and disposal” to “the 4Rs principle: Reduce, Recycle, Reuse, and Recover”. The adapted wastewater treatment step will allow (i) the disposal of supplementary water amounts that could be safely reused in order to tackle the water-scarcity problem, and (ii) the preservation of the environment against pollution. Finally, this book will contribute to the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and other international related initiatives.

OMWW --- drying --- water recovery --- water characterization --- sustainable development --- alternating current --- coupling --- hybrid material --- biosorption --- wastewater reuse --- protein adsorption --- neutral solute --- ultrafiltration --- selectivity modelling --- pore size distribution --- raw poultry manure --- pyrolysis --- biochar --- characterization --- leaching --- phosphorus --- potassium --- grey water --- SBR --- fouling --- zeta potential --- norovirus --- water reuse --- water quality --- mineral processing --- wastewater treatment --- flotation --- electrocoagulation (EC) --- chemical oxygen demand (COD) --- polyhydroxyalkanoates --- PHA --- PHBV --- mixed microbial culture --- green extraction --- dimethyl carbonate --- purification --- 1-butanol --- wastewater valorization --- reclaimed water --- circular economy --- anaerobic digestion --- biogas --- reuse --- water pricing --- water depletion --- industrial sector --- lignite --- heavy metals --- adsorption --- batch --- isotherm --- mechanism --- n/a

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Three-dimensional (3D) printing has evolved massively during the last years. The 3D printing technologies offer various advantages, including: i) tailor-made design, ii) rapid prototyping, and iii) manufacturing of complex structures. Importantly, 3D printing is currently finding its potential in tissue engineering, wound dressings, tissue models for drug testing, prosthesis, and biosensors, to name a few. One important factor is the optimized composition of inks that can facilitate the deposition of cells, fabrication of vascularized tissue and the structuring of complex constructs that are similar to functional organs. Biocomposite inks can include synthetic and natural polymers, such as poly (ε-caprolactone), polylactic acid, collagen, hyaluronic acid, alginate, nanocellulose, and may be complemented with cross-linkers to stabilize the constructs and with bioactive molecules to add functionality. Inks that contain living cells are referred to as bioinks and the process as 3D bioprinting. Some of the key aspects of the formulation of bioinks are, e.g., the tailoring of mechanical properties, biocompatibility and the rheological behavior of the ink which may affect the cell viability, proliferation, and cell differentiation.The current Special Issue emphasizes the bio-technological engineering of novel biocomposite inks for various 3D printing technologies, also considering important aspects in the production and use of bioinks.

Information technology industries --- bacteria biofabrication --- 3D printing --- tissue engineering --- probiotic food --- pine sawdust --- soda ethanol pulping --- nanocellulose --- cytotoxicity --- absorption --- wound dressings --- bioprinting --- cellulose --- hydrogel --- physical cross-linking --- 3D bioprinting --- biocomposite ink --- tubular tissue --- tubular organ --- bacterial nanocellulose --- cellulose nanofibrils --- cellulose nanocrystals --- bioink --- collagen --- ECM --- extracellular matrix --- bioinks --- biomanufacturing --- biocomposite --- forest-based MFC --- fibrils --- additive manufacturing --- artificial limb --- fused deposition modeling (FDM) --- biofabrication --- hydrogels --- growth factor cocktail --- bioactive scaffold --- printability --- carboxylated agarose --- free-standing --- human nasal chondrocytes --- clinical translational --- polyhydroxyalkanoates --- scaffolds --- biomedicine --- drug delivery --- vessel stenting --- cancer --- 3D cell culture --- CNF --- cancer stemness