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This work covers all aspects related to the obtainment, production, design, and processing of biopolymers obtained from natural resources. Moreover, it studies characteristics related to the improvement of their performance to increase their potential application at an industrial level, in line with the concept of a global circular economy. Thus, this work firstly classifies biopolymers obtained from natural resources (e.g., biobased building blocks and biopolymers extracted directly from plants and biomass), and then summarizes several cutting-edge research works focused on enhancing the performance of biopolymers from natural resources to extend their application in the industrial sector, and contribute to the transition to more sustainable plastics.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- PHBH --- almond shell flour --- mechanical properties --- thermal characterization --- WPCs --- bacterial polyesters --- poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3hydroxyhexanoate)—PHBH --- poly(ε-caprolactone)—PCL --- binary blends --- improved toughness --- mechanical and thermal characterization --- Cucumis metuliferus --- extraction --- antioxidant activity --- coating --- cellulose acetate --- LDPE --- bilayer packaging --- active packaging --- poly(lactic acid) --- mechanical recycling --- yerba mate --- bionanocomposites --- polysulfide-derived polymers --- cottonseed oil --- fatty acid of cottonseed oil --- sodium soap of cottonseed oil --- PLA --- nanocomposites --- functional properties --- thymol --- migration --- films --- cutin --- cuticles --- bioplastics --- biopolymers --- solanum: CPMAS 13C NMR --- softgels --- mucilage --- in vitro digestion --- bioaccessibility --- bran content --- plasticized wheat flour --- citric acid --- biobased blends --- biopolymer --- carboxymethyl cellulose --- solid polymer electrolyte --- ionic transport --- chitosan --- potato starch --- microwave --- foam --- orthogonal experiments --- empty fruit bunch --- regenerated cellulose --- ionic liquid --- methyl methacrylate --- 3D printing --- syringe extrusion 3D printing --- hydroxypropyl methylcellulose --- orodispersible film --- phenytoin --- PA610 --- halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) --- flame retardant --- cone calorimeter --- agricultural waste --- asparagus --- CMC --- degree of substitution --- DS --- cellulose extraction --- thermoplastic starch --- dolomite --- biocomposite --- sonication --- bacterial cellulose --- nata de coco --- sodium hydroxide --- lignin --- nanoparticles --- biorefinery --- organosolv pretreatment --- polyelectrolyte multi-layers --- sodium alginate --- k-carrageenan --- cellulosic nonwoven textile --- surface functionalization --- characterization --- bio-sorption --- isotherms --- natural fibers --- soy protein --- chitin --- coir --- comfort --- functional textiles --- Circular Bioeconomy --- carbonation reaction --- selectivity optimization --- carbonated epoxidized linseed oil --- non-isocyanate polyurethane --- argan shell particles --- wood plastic composite --- polyethylene --- compatibilization --- air permeability --- fungal fibers --- hemp fibers --- microstructure --- mycocel --- softwood fibers --- virus membrane filtration --- allotropic transition --- choline chloride --- plasticizer --- starch dissolution --- n/a --- poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3hydroxyhexanoate)-PHBH --- poly(ε-caprolactone)-PCL

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Essential oils extracted by the distillation or hydrodistillation of aromatic plants are a complex mixture of volatile compounds with several biological activities. Their efficacy as antimicrobial agents is related to the activity of several natural compounds belonging to different chemical families that can act both in synergy with each other and with other antibiotics. The antibiotic resistance detected among pathogens has been quickly increasing in recent years, and the control of some of these microorganisms is becoming a planetary emergency for human and animal health. The control of the microbial growth is a problem of great importance also for the food industry (food deterioration and shelf life extension) and for the world of cultural heritage (indoor and outdoor phenomena of biodeterioration). Essential oils can play an important role in this scenario, due their recognized broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Therefore, the main subject of this Special Issue includes an essential oil-based approach to control microrganisms in areas such as human and veterinary medicine, entomology, food industry and agriculture. In addition, the chemical composition of essential oils from endemic and rare medicinal/aromatic plants, nanoformulations of essential oils, applications in human and veterinary medicine and its use as animal feeding supplements are topics covered in this Special Issue

Technology: general issues --- extracellular polymeric substance matrix --- cellulose synthesis --- enzyme inhibition --- essential oils --- Boswellia sacra --- frankincense essential oil --- GC/MS analysis --- antimicrobial activity --- Staphylococcus aureus --- Pseudomonas aeruginosa --- Propionibacterium acnes --- Candida albicans --- Malassezia furfur --- lamb --- carvacrol --- monensin --- meat tenderness --- TBARS --- essential oil --- genetic --- RAPD --- thyme --- Thymus quinquecostatus --- Thymus vulgaris --- Penicillium rubens --- growth inhibition --- RNA microarray --- gene expression --- metabolic pathway analysis --- Ferula --- GC --- chemometrics --- antioxidant activity --- Acinetobacter baumannii --- MDR --- biofilm --- antimicrobial --- Pimenta --- Myrtaceae --- wound infection --- eugenol --- 1,8-cineole --- GC/MS --- Salmonella --- Origanum vulgare --- ciprofloxacin --- poultry farms --- pig farms --- Staphylococcus spp. --- human semen --- antimicrobial resistance --- rosewood --- linalool --- marine bacteria --- ABTS --- Trypanosoma cruzi --- cytotoxicity --- nitrite --- nitric oxide --- antifungal activity --- nanoencapsulation --- poly(ε-caprolactone) --- Thymus capitatus --- Satureja montana --- Lavandula angustifolia --- Lavandula intermedia --- Origanum hirtum --- Monarda didyma --- Monarda fistulosa --- Alternaria alternata --- cucurbits --- Cymbopogon citratus --- GC-MS --- Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum --- n/a

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Essential oils extracted by the distillation or hydrodistillation of aromatic plants are a complex mixture of volatile compounds with several biological activities. Their efficacy as antimicrobial agents is related to the activity of several natural compounds belonging to different chemical families that can act both in synergy with each other and with other antibiotics. The antibiotic resistance detected among pathogens has been quickly increasing in recent years, and the control of some of these microorganisms is becoming a planetary emergency for human and animal health. The control of the microbial growth is a problem of great importance also for the food industry (food deterioration and shelf life extension) and for the world of cultural heritage (indoor and outdoor phenomena of biodeterioration). Essential oils can play an important role in this scenario, due their recognized broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Therefore, the main subject of this Special Issue includes an essential oil-based approach to control microrganisms in areas such as human and veterinary medicine, entomology, food industry and agriculture. In addition, the chemical composition of essential oils from endemic and rare medicinal/aromatic plants, nanoformulations of essential oils, applications in human and veterinary medicine and its use as animal feeding supplements are topics covered in this Special Issue

Technology: general issues --- extracellular polymeric substance matrix --- cellulose synthesis --- enzyme inhibition --- essential oils --- Boswellia sacra --- frankincense essential oil --- GC/MS analysis --- antimicrobial activity --- Staphylococcus aureus --- Pseudomonas aeruginosa --- Propionibacterium acnes --- Candida albicans --- Malassezia furfur --- lamb --- carvacrol --- monensin --- meat tenderness --- TBARS --- essential oil --- genetic --- RAPD --- thyme --- Thymus quinquecostatus --- Thymus vulgaris --- Penicillium rubens --- growth inhibition --- RNA microarray --- gene expression --- metabolic pathway analysis --- Ferula --- GC --- chemometrics --- antioxidant activity --- Acinetobacter baumannii --- MDR --- biofilm --- antimicrobial --- Pimenta --- Myrtaceae --- wound infection --- eugenol --- 1,8-cineole --- GC/MS --- Salmonella --- Origanum vulgare --- ciprofloxacin --- poultry farms --- pig farms --- Staphylococcus spp. --- human semen --- antimicrobial resistance --- rosewood --- linalool --- marine bacteria --- ABTS --- Trypanosoma cruzi --- cytotoxicity --- nitrite --- nitric oxide --- antifungal activity --- nanoencapsulation --- poly(ε-caprolactone) --- Thymus capitatus --- Satureja montana --- Lavandula angustifolia --- Lavandula intermedia --- Origanum hirtum --- Monarda didyma --- Monarda fistulosa --- Alternaria alternata --- cucurbits --- Cymbopogon citratus --- GC-MS --- Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum --- extracellular polymeric substance matrix --- cellulose synthesis --- enzyme inhibition --- essential oils --- Boswellia sacra --- frankincense essential oil --- GC/MS analysis --- antimicrobial activity --- Staphylococcus aureus --- Pseudomonas aeruginosa --- Propionibacterium acnes --- Candida albicans --- Malassezia furfur --- lamb --- carvacrol --- monensin --- meat tenderness --- TBARS --- essential oil --- genetic --- RAPD --- thyme --- Thymus quinquecostatus --- Thymus vulgaris --- Penicillium rubens --- growth inhibition --- RNA microarray --- gene expression --- metabolic pathway analysis --- Ferula --- GC --- chemometrics --- antioxidant activity --- Acinetobacter baumannii --- MDR --- biofilm --- antimicrobial --- Pimenta --- Myrtaceae --- wound infection --- eugenol --- 1,8-cineole --- GC/MS --- Salmonella --- Origanum vulgare --- ciprofloxacin --- poultry farms --- pig farms --- Staphylococcus spp. --- human semen --- antimicrobial resistance --- rosewood --- linalool --- marine bacteria --- ABTS --- Trypanosoma cruzi --- cytotoxicity --- nitrite --- nitric oxide --- antifungal activity --- nanoencapsulation --- poly(ε-caprolactone) --- Thymus capitatus --- Satureja montana --- Lavandula angustifolia --- Lavandula intermedia --- Origanum hirtum --- Monarda didyma --- Monarda fistulosa --- Alternaria alternata --- cucurbits --- Cymbopogon citratus --- GC-MS --- Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum

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This book covers the latest developments in the field of rheology and polymer processing, highlighting cutting-edge research focusing on the processing of advanced polymers and their composites. It demonstrates that the field of rheology and polymer processing is still gaining increased attention. Presented within are cutting-edge research results and the latest developments in the field of polymer science and engineering, innovations in the processing and characterization of biopolymers and polymer-based products, polymer physics, composites, modeling and simulations, and rheology.

Technology: general issues --- Chemical engineering --- polypropylene --- foam-extrusion --- morphology --- foaming --- crystallization kinetics --- side chain liquid crystal polymer --- magnesium hydroxide --- low density polyethylene --- toughness --- processability --- thermoplastic vulcanizates --- compression set --- carbon fiber reinforced polycarbonate composites --- hydrothermal aging --- solid particle erosion --- mechanical property --- micro-/nano-layer coextrusion --- multilayer films --- multiscale structure --- dielectric properties --- thermoforming --- PMSQ–HDPE --- viscoelastic --- experimental --- bubble inflation test --- DMA --- Christensen’s model --- FEM --- biopolymer --- Solanyl®, wood flour --- Lignocel®, lignocellulosic particles --- fuller method --- mechanical properties --- rheological characterization --- viscoelastic spinning --- draw resonance --- kinematic waves --- extensional deformation --- stability indicator --- Giesekus fluid --- polycaprolactone --- nano-hydroxylapatite --- 3D printing --- solution extrusion --- process optimization --- drug release --- recycling --- eco-design --- coextrusion --- multilayers --- micro-/nanolayered polymers --- interfacial phenomena --- multilayer coextrusion --- reactive melt processing --- water-assisted --- radical crosslinking --- peroxide initiators --- biopolymers --- poly(ε-caprolactone) --- rheology --- molecular architecture --- long-chain branching --- polybutylene succinate --- biodegradable --- size-exclusion chromatography --- shear rheology --- extensional rheology --- Cox-Merz rule --- high-viscosity HDPE materials --- extrusion --- modelling and simulation --- spray process --- FEP coating --- scratch behavior --- friction and wear resistance --- circular economy --- n/a --- PMSQ-HDPE --- Christensen's model

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Demand for advanced X-ray scattering techniques has increased tremendously in recent years with the development of new functional materials. These characterizations have a huge impact on evaluating the microstructure and structure–property relation in functional materials. Thanks to its non-destructive character and adaptability to various environments, the X-ray is a powerful tool, being irreplaceable for novel in situ and operando studies. This book is dedicated to the latest advances in X-ray diffraction using both synchrotron radiation as well as laboratory sources for analyzing the microstructure and morphology in a broad range (organic, inorganic, hybrid, etc.) of functional materials.

lead-free ceramic --- sol–gel process --- barium zirconate titanate --- dielectric property --- conjugated polymer and blends --- in situ GIXD --- additive --- structure --- strain --- X-ray diffraction --- piezoelectric properties --- lanthanum-modified lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) --- zeolite-W --- cation form --- synchrotron X-ray diffraction --- Rietveld refinement --- high-pressure --- smectite --- bulk moduli --- anhydrous and hydrous environments --- synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction --- pressure-transmitting media --- metallic composites --- Ni --- Ni-W alloys --- silver-exchanged natrolite --- pressure-induced insertion --- high energy-density materials --- high pressure and temperature --- Raman spectroscopy --- ammonium azide --- polynitrogen compounds --- superalloys --- low-angle boundaries --- X-ray topography --- turbine blades --- crystal growth --- nano-perovskite (CaTiO3) --- Young’s modulus --- ultrasonic-pulse echo --- planar density --- residual stress --- laser cavitation peening --- pulse laser --- wedge-shaped amphiphile --- double gyroid phase --- grazing-incidence X-ray scattering --- environmental atomic force microscopy --- vapor annealing --- Williamson-Hall (W-H) --- uniform stress deformation model (USDM) --- hydroxyapatite --- ultrasonic pulse-echo --- thermoplastic polyurethane ureas --- shape memory materials --- synchrotron SAXS/WAXS --- polymer deformation --- lamellar morphology --- poly-ε-caprolactone --- poly(1,4-butylene adipate)