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Over the few coming decades, bio-based and biodegradable plastics produced from sustainable bioresources should essentially substitute the prevalent synthetic plastics produced from exhaustible hydrocarbon fossils. To the greatest extend, this innovative trend has to apply to the packaging manufacturing area and especially to food packaging implementation. To supply the rapid production increment of biodegradable plastics, there must be provided the effective development of scientific-technical potential that promotes the comprehensive exploration of their structural, functional, and dynamic characteristics. In this regard, the transition from passive barrier materials preventing water and oxygen transport as well as bacteria infiltration to active functional packaging that ensures gas diffusion selectivity, antiseptics' and other modifiers' release should be based on the thorough study of biopolymer crystallinity, morphology, diffusivity, controlled biodegradability and life cycle assessment. This Special Issue accumulates the papers of international teams that devoted to scientific and industrial bases providing the biodegradable material development in the barrier and active packaging as well as in agricultural applications. We hope that book will bring great interest to the experts in the area of sustainable biopolymers.

bio-HDPE --- GA --- natural additives --- thermal resistance --- UV stability --- food packaging --- antimicrobial properties --- polyethylene --- birch bark extract --- ultrasound --- thermoplastic starch --- biodegradation --- permeability --- diffusion --- sorption --- porous membranes --- hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers --- PLA bottle --- bio-based and biodegradable polymers --- life cycle assessment --- environmental impact --- ReCiPe2016 method --- packaging material --- bio-based polymer composite --- natural rubber --- water absorption --- mycological test --- biodegradability --- mechanical properties --- poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) --- polylactic acid (PLA) --- biomaterials --- gas permeability --- gas diffusion --- segmental dynamics --- electron spin resonance (ESR) --- scanning electron microscopy (SEM) --- differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) --- poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) --- poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) --- poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-methyl-3-hydroxyvalerate) --- hydrolysis --- pancreatic lipase --- mechanical behavior --- chitosan --- polymeric films --- crosslinking --- genipin --- sorption isotherm --- degree of crosslinking --- polylactide --- poly(ethyleneglycol) --- blending under shear deformations --- electrospinning --- oil absorption --- Monte Carlo --- bio-based polymers --- biodegradable packaging --- biopolymer structure --- encapsulation --- life cycle analysis

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Nowadays, we are witnessing highly dynamic research activities related to the intriguing field of biodegradable materials with plastic-like properties. These activities are stimulated by the strengthened public awareness of prevailing ecological issues connected to growing piles of plastic waste and increasing greenhouse gas emissions; this goes hand-in-hand with the ongoing depletion of fossil feedstocks, which are traditionally used to produce full carbon backbone polymers. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biopolyesters, a family of plastic-like materials with versatile material properties, are increasing considered to be a future-oriented solution for diminishing these concerns. PHA production is based on renewable resources and occurs in a bio-mediated fashion through the action of living organisms. If accomplished in an optimized way, PHA production and the entire PHA lifecycle are embedded into nature´s closed cycles of carbon. Sustainable and efficient PHA production requires understanding and improvement of all the individual process steps. Holistic improvement of PHA production, applicable on an industrially relevant scale, calls for, inter alia, consolidated knowledge about the enzymatic and genetic particularities of PHA-accumulating organisms, an in-depth understanding of the kinetics of the bioprocess, the selection of appropriate inexpensive fermentation feedstocks, tailoring of PHA composition at the level of its monomeric constituents, optimized biotechnological engineering, and novel strategies for PHA recovery from biomass characterized by low energy and chemical requirements. This Special Issue represents a comprehensive compilation of articles in which these individual aspects have been addressed by globally recognized experts.

Cupriavidus necator --- alginate --- tissue engineering --- PAT --- simulation --- terpolyester --- high cell density cultivation --- process simulation --- selective laser sintering --- gaseous substrates --- microaerophilic --- in-line monitoring --- Pseudomonas sp. --- additive manufacturing --- fed-batch --- terpolymer --- on-line --- bubble column bioreactor --- biopolymer --- fused deposition modeling --- biomaterials --- polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) --- Pseudomonas putida --- fed-batch fermentation --- blends --- upstream processing --- wound healing --- activated charcoal --- downstream processing --- Archaea --- polyhydroxyalkanoates processing --- film --- bioreactor --- medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoate (mcl-PHA) --- poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) --- Ralstonia eutropha --- hydrolysate detoxification --- extremophiles --- Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) --- process analytical technologies --- PHA composition --- COMSOL --- non-Newtonian fluid --- tequila bagasse --- biopolyester --- biosurfactants --- Haloferax --- PHA --- phenolic compounds --- polyhydroxybutyrate --- PHB --- in-line --- Pseudomonas --- haloarchaea --- plant oil --- PHA processing --- bioeconomy --- delivery system --- P(3HB-co-3HV-co-4HB) --- productivity --- electrospinning --- cyanobacteria --- waste streams --- polyhydroxyalkanoates --- oxygen transfer --- polyhydroxyalkanoate --- biomedical application --- photon density wave spectroscopy --- carbon dioxide --- salinity --- PDW --- rheology --- halophiles --- feedstocks --- high-cell-density fed-batch --- biomedicine --- process engineering --- bioprocess design --- viscosity --- computer-aided wet-spinning --- microorganism --- Cupriavidus malaysiensis --- poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHVB)

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Environmental challenges posed by wrong end of lifeplastic management drive the plastics recycling schemes for energy recovery and cutting emissions, penalties, energy consumption, non-renewable resources, and manufacturing costs. Plastic recycling has the lowest environmental impact on global warming potential and total energy use. However, under-utilised plastic wastes due to low value issues with sorting/contamination pose major challenges. Novel technologies drive innovation in a circular economy model for plastics and employ reuse, recycling and responsible manufacture solutions, support the development of new industries and jobs, reduce emissions and increase efficient use of natural resources (including energy, water and materials). Many economies are working towards achieving a zero plastic waste economy. This Special Issue covers the applications of recycled plastics in the areas of energy recovery/alternative fuels, economic analyses, bitumen additives, flame retardants, recycled polymer nanocomposites to enhance the mechanical property, thermomechanical recycling to improve physical properties, mechano-chemical treatment, cryogenic waste tyre recycling, application in decarbonizing technology, e.g., cement industry, waste characterization, improving agricultural soil quality, as smart fertilizers. The Editors express their appreciation to all the contributors across the world in the development of this reprint. This reprint gives different perspectives and technical ideas for the transformation of plastic wastes into value-added products and to achieve higher recycling rates in the coming years.

Research & information: general --- Environmental economics --- Pollution control --- lignin --- bituminous modifier --- lignin modified bitumen --- chemical analysis --- rheological behavior --- mechanical properties --- road engineering --- open graded friction course --- viscoelastic properties --- creep compliance --- relaxation modulus --- dynamic modulus --- linear correlation --- polymer-modified asphalt --- Hamburg wheel-tracking --- indirect tensile strength --- co-pyrolysis --- synergy --- kinetics --- plastic waste --- animal manure --- cement decarbonization --- waste utilization --- co-pyro-gasification --- carbon conversions --- non-soot catalysts --- clean energy --- polymer --- rubber --- recycling --- cryoagent --- liquid nitrogen --- waste tire --- thermal conductivity --- post-consumer waste --- mechanical recycling --- polyethylene --- polypropylene --- contamination --- composition --- tensile properties --- impact properties --- compatibilisation --- polymer based post-consumer waste --- mechano-chemical treatment --- ball milling --- thiol-ene --- carbon nanotubes --- polysilicone --- functionalization --- flame retardancy --- dispersion --- epoxy resin --- silicone --- thermal degradation --- activation energy --- poly (l-lactic acid) --- poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) --- non-isothermal crystallisation kinetics --- circular economy --- circo-economics --- material circularity indicator --- packaging --- recycled opaque PET --- reactive extrusion --- chain extension --- long-chain branching --- polyethylene-modified bitumen --- wax-based additives --- rutting --- linear viscoelastic properties --- combustion --- automotive shredder residue --- solid recovered fuel --- alternative fuels --- sustainable energy --- waste-to-energy