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From the moment of its inception, the East German state sought to cast itself as a clean break from the horrors of National Socialism. Nonetheless, the precipitous rise of xenophobic, far-right parties across the present-day German East is only the latest evidence that the GDR’s legacy cannot be understood in isolation from the Nazi era nor the political upheavals of today. This provocative collection reflects on the heretofore ignored or repressed aspects of German mainstream society—including right-wing extremism, anti-Semitism and racism—to call for an ambitious renewal of historical research and political education to place East Germany in its proper historical context.
Rechtsradikalismus. --- Germany. --- 20th century. --- antisemitism. --- berlin. --- civic. --- clean break. --- east german state. --- engaging. --- european history. --- fascism and totalitarianism. --- gdr. --- german history. --- germany. --- good and evil. --- historical context. --- historical research. --- historical. --- history. --- lively. --- national socialism. --- nazi germany. --- page turner. --- political education. --- political ideologies. --- political science. --- political upheavals. --- racism. --- realistic. --- revolution. --- revolutionaries. --- right wing extremism. --- world war ii. --- ww ii.
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We know that a revolution's success largely depends on the army's response to it. But can we predict the military's reaction to an uprising? How Armies Respond to Revolutions and Why argues that it is possible to make a highly educated guess-and in some cases even a confident prediction-about the generals' response to a domestic revolt if we know enough about the army, the state it is supposed to serve, the society in which it exists, and the external environment that affects its actions. Through concise case studies of modern uprisings in Iran, China, Eastern Europe, Burma, and the Arab world, Zoltan Barany looks at the reasons for and the logic behind the variety of choices soldiers ultimately make.Barany offers tools-in the form of questions to be asked and answered-that enable analysts to provide the most informed assessment possible regarding an army's likely response to a revolution and, ultimately, the probable fate of the revolution itself. He examines such factors as the military's internal cohesion, the regime's treatment of its armed forces, and the size, composition, and nature of the demonstrations.How Armies Respond to Revolutions and Why explains how generals decide to support or suppress domestic uprisings.
Comparative government. --- World politics --- Revolutions --- Military policy --- History --- Decision making --- Arab republics. --- Arab-majority states. --- Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. --- Burma. --- China. --- Communism. --- Eastern Europe. --- Four Eight Uprising. --- IAF. --- Imperial Armed Forces. --- Iran. --- Iranian military. --- Islamic Revolution. --- Middle East. --- Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi. --- Ne Win. --- North Africa. --- People Power Uprising. --- Romania. --- Saffron Revolution. --- Warsaw Pact. --- armed forces. --- army response. --- civil-military relations. --- civilЭilitary relations. --- conscript army. --- controlling unrest. --- democratization. --- domestic revolt. --- domestic uprising. --- empirical analysis. --- explanatory factors. --- external environment. --- foreign intervention. --- military cohesion. --- military decision-making. --- military establishment. --- military regimes. --- military response. --- military. --- political dynamics. --- political upheavals. --- popular uprisings. --- protests. --- regime change. --- regime coercion. --- regime legitimacy. --- regular army. --- revolution. --- revolutions. --- society. --- state. --- volunteer army.
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Most classical authors and modern historians depict the ancient Greek world as essentially stable and even static, once the so-called colonization movement came to an end. But Robert Garland argues that the Greeks were highly mobile, that their movement was essential to the survival, success, and sheer sustainability of their society, and that this wandering became a defining characteristic of their culture. Addressing a neglected but essential subject, Wandering Greeks focuses on the diaspora of tens of thousands of people between about 700 and 325 BCE, demonstrating the degree to which Greeks were liable to be forced to leave their homes due to political upheaval, oppression, poverty, warfare, or simply a desire to better themselves. Attempting to enter into the mind-set of these wanderers, the book provides an insightful and sympathetic account of what it meant for ancient Greeks to part from everyone and everything they held dear, to start a new life elsewhere-or even to become homeless, living on the open road or on the high seas with no end to their journey in sight. Each chapter identifies a specific kind of "wanderer," including the overseas settler, the deportee, the evacuee, the asylum-seeker, the fugitive, the economic migrant, and the itinerant, and the book also addresses repatriation and the idea of the "portable polis." The result is a vivid and unique portrait of ancient Greece as a culture of displaced persons.
Greeks --- Grecs --- Migrations --- History --- Histoire --- Greece --- Grèce --- Social conditions --- Civilization --- Conditions sociales --- Civilisation --- Ancient --- Greece. --- General. --- Greece -- Civilization -- To 146 B.C. --- Greece -- Social conditions -- To 146 B.C. --- Greeks -- Migrations -- History -- To 1500. --- Regions & Countries - Europe --- History & Archaeology --- Grèce --- HISTORY / Ancient / General. --- HISTORY / Ancient / Greece. --- Ethnology --- Mediterranean race --- Archaic Greece. --- Athenian law. --- Greek antiquity. --- Greek citizenship. --- Greek civilization. --- Greek identity. --- Greek-speaking world. --- Ionian migration. --- L'esprit de retour. --- Mediterranean world. --- adaptability. --- ancient Greece. --- anestios. --- aphrtr. --- apolis. --- asulia. --- asylum-seeker. --- asylum. --- civic identity. --- criminals. --- cultural homogeneity. --- democracy. --- deportation. --- deportee. --- deportees. --- diaspora. --- displaced persons. --- economic migrant. --- economic migrants. --- economic migration. --- entrepreneurship. --- ethnic cleansing. --- evacuation. --- evacuee. --- exile. --- exiles. --- familial identity. --- financial destitution. --- fugitives. --- hostilities. --- human resource. --- humanitarian agencies. --- itinerants. --- land hunger. --- legal battles. --- local sanctuary. --- long-distance travelers. --- mass deportation. --- migrants. --- migration. --- mobility. --- oikos. --- oligarch persuasion. --- overpopulation. --- overseas settler. --- ownership. --- panhellenic institutions. --- phratry. --- phug. --- pioneers. --- polis. --- political identity. --- political opponents. --- political pressure. --- political upheavals. --- portable polis. --- prosecution. --- radical upheaval. --- refuge. --- refugees. --- relocation. --- repatriation. --- resource fluctuations. --- returnees. --- sanctuary. --- servile labor. --- settlements. --- settlers. --- social identity. --- starvation. --- stasis. --- tyranny. --- voluntary flight. --- wanderer. --- wartime evacuations.
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