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The study of the origins and early years of the Fourth International acquires a special relevance when considering them as part of the process of construction and criticism of the organizational and political tools of the working class that continues to this day. From its origins, the Fourth International was marked by political disputes within the Communist International, by the first positions as the Left Opposition, by the persecution of Trotskyist sympathizers and by the assassination of Leon Trotsky. Thus, this book is based on the need and the importance of investigating the history of Socialist Internationals in the key of an international history of socialism, insofar as the local and regional expressions of this current can be comprehensively understood through comparative and transnational analysis.Trotskyists under Nazi terror. A history of the Fourth International during World War II, develops a historical analysis of the political perspective carried out by the Fourth International in Europe during World War II through the comparative study of the French, North American, Belgian and British sections. Taking as one of the central axes the resurgence of the discussion on the national question in Europe, it is observed how the crisis of the Fourth International did not begin with the debate on entryism in 1953 but ten years before, due to the difficulties of the organization to adapt to the new European scenario inaugurated in mid-1943 with the deposition of Benito Mussolini and the beginning of the "bourgeois-democratic counterrevolution" from the intervention of the United States during the last years of the war.

IV International, Second World War, Trotskyism, Political Struggle

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The study of the origins and early years of the Fourth International acquires a special relevance when considering them as part of the process of construction and criticism of the organizational and political tools of the working class that continues to this day. From its origins, the Fourth International was marked by political disputes within the Communist International, by the first positions as the Left Opposition, by the persecution of Trotskyist sympathizers and by the assassination of Leon Trotsky. Thus, this book is based on the need and the importance of investigating the history of Socialist Internationals in the key of an international history of socialism, insofar as the local and regional expressions of this current can be comprehensively understood through comparative and transnational analysis.Trotskyists under Nazi terror. A history of the Fourth International during World War II, develops a historical analysis of the political perspective carried out by the Fourth International in Europe during World War II through the comparative study of the French, North American, Belgian and British sections. Taking as one of the central axes the resurgence of the discussion on the national question in Europe, it is observed how the crisis of the Fourth International did not begin with the debate on entryism in 1953 but ten years before, due to the difficulties of the organization to adapt to the new European scenario inaugurated in mid-1943 with the deposition of Benito Mussolini and the beginning of the "bourgeois-democratic counterrevolution" from the intervention of the United States during the last years of the war.

General & world history --- IV International, Second World War, Trotskyism, Political Struggle

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Education --- Labor --- Socialism --- Communism --- Marxian thought --- Marx --- political struggle --- society of goods --- human development --- Communism. --- Education. --- Labor. --- Socialism. --- Marxism --- Social democracy --- Socialist movements --- Collectivism --- Anarchism --- Critical theory --- Manpower --- Work --- Working class --- Children --- Education of children --- Education, Primitive --- Human resource development --- Instruction --- Pedagogy --- Schooling --- Students --- Youth --- Civilization --- Learning and scholarship --- Mental discipline --- Schools --- Teaching --- Training --- Bolshevism --- Communist movements --- Leninism --- Maoism --- Trotskyism --- Totalitarianism --- Post-communism --- Village communities --- education --- professional education --- work and social movements --- labor --- Labor and laboring classes

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The advice given to Cicero by his astute, campaign-conscious brother to prepare him for the consular elections of 64 B.C., has a curiously modern ring: "Avoid taking a definite stand on great public issues either in the Senate or before the people. Bend your energies towards making friends of key-men in all classes of voters." Party Politics in the Age of Caesar is a shrewd commentary on this text, designed to clarify the true meaning in Roman political life of such terms as "party" and "faction." Taylor brilliantly explains the mechanics of Roman politics as she discusses the relations of nobles and their clients, the manipulation of the state religion for political expedience, and the practical means of delivering the vote.

NON-CLASSIFIABLE. --- Political parties. --- Rome --- Politics and government --- 64 bc. --- ancient history. --- ancient rome. --- caesar. --- cicero. --- classical studies. --- consular elections. --- easy to read. --- late republic. --- law courts. --- nonfiction. --- party politics. --- political commentary. --- political families. --- political history. --- political issues. --- political parties. --- political science. --- political struggle. --- politicians. --- public issues. --- republican. --- roman history. --- roman noblemen. --- roman politics. --- roman republic. --- roman senate. --- rome scholars. --- rome. --- state religion. --- voters. --- voting factions. --- voting mechanics.

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Suburbanization is often blamed for a loss of civic engagement in contemporary America. How justified is this claim? Just what is a suburb? How do social environments shape civic life? Looking beyond popular stereotypes, Democracy in Suburbia answers these questions by examining how suburbs influence citizen participation in community and public affairs. Eric Oliver offers a rich, engaging account of what suburbia means for American democracy and, in doing so, speaks to the heart of widespread debate on the health of our civil society. Applying an innovative, unusually rigorous mode of statistical analysis to a wealth of unique survey and census data, Oliver argues that suburbs, by institutionalizing class and racial differences with municipal boundaries, transform social conflicts between citizens into ones between political institutions. In reducing the incentives for individual political participation, suburbanization has negated the benefits of ''small town'' government and deprived metropolitan areas of valuable civic capacity. This ultimately increases prospects of serious social conflict. Oliver concludes that we must reconfigure suburban governments to allow seemingly intractable issues of common metropolitan concern to surface in local politics rather than be ignored as cross-jurisdictional. And he believes this is possible without sacrifice of local government's advantages. Scholars and students of political science, sociology, and urban affairs will prize this book for its striking findings, its revealing scrutiny of the commonplace, and its insights into how the pursuit of the American dream may be imperiling American democracy.

Suburbs --- Democracy --- USA. --- USA --- United States. --- Aristotle. --- Atlanta (Georgia). --- Black Panthers. --- Bobo, Lawrence. --- Brehm, John. --- Camden (New Jersey). --- Celebration (Florida). --- Census of Governments (1987). --- Cisneros, Henry. --- Danielson, Michael. --- Dixmoor (Illinois). --- Downs, Anthony. --- Duany, Andres. --- Ehrenhalt, Alan. --- FIPS codes (Census Bureau). --- Fair Housing Act (1968). --- Frantz, Douglas. --- Garreau, Joel. --- Green Guerillas (NYC). --- Guterbock, Thomas. --- Huckfeldt, Robert. --- Insight Meditation Society (Boston). --- Jackson, Kenneth. --- Kerner Commission (1968). --- Langdon, Philip. --- Levitt, Abraham. --- London, Bruce. --- Mansbridge, Jane. --- Mount Vernon (New York). --- Organization Man (Whyte). --- Pateman, Carole. --- Plater-Zyberk, Elizabeth. --- Rusk, David. --- Russo, Anthony. --- Rybczynski, Witold. --- Stone, Clarence. --- Taylor, Marylee. --- Tufte, Edward. --- altruistic behavior. --- city manager government. --- civic capacity perspective. --- civic voluntarism model. --- classical liberal assessment. --- edge cities. --- ethnic identity. --- growth machine model. --- mayor-council governments. --- political party patronage. --- political struggle. --- public works. --- rational choice theory. --- urban political machines. --- voluntary organizations. --- Local government --- Political participation --- Segregation --- Social stratification --- Suburban life