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This book, available in paperback for the first time, offers a new and innovative way of looking at Irish foreign policy, linking its development with changes in Irish national identity. Many debates within contemporary International Relations focus on the relative benefits of taking a traditional interest-based approach to the study of foreign policy as opposed to the more recently developed identity-based approach. Uniquely, this book takes the latter and, instead of looking at Irish foreign policy through the lens of individual, geo-strategic or political interest, it is linked to deeper id.

Ireland --- Foreign relations. --- National characteristics, Irish. --- Political culture --- POLITICAL SCIENCE / General. --- Culture --- Political science --- Irish national characteristics --- Iraq War. --- Irish foreign policy. --- Irish national identity. --- geo-strategic interests. --- identity changes. --- individual interests. --- international relations. --- neutrality. --- political interests. --- self-definition.

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Why did the Soviet system fail? How is it that a political order, born of revolution, perished from stagnation? What caused a seemingly stable polity to collapse? Philip Roeder finds the answer to these questions in the Bolshevik "constitution"--the fundamental rules of the Soviet system that evolved from revolutionary times into the post-Stalin era. These rules increasingly prevented the Communist party from responding to the immense social changes that it had itself set in motion: although the Soviet political system initially had vast resources for transforming society, its ability to transform itself became severely limited.In Roeder's view, the problem was not that Soviet leaders did not attempt to change, but that their attempts were so often defeated by institutional resistance to reform. The leaders' successful efforts to stabilize the political system reduced its adaptability, and as the need for reform continued to mount, stability became a fatal flaw. Roeder's analysis of institutional constraints on political behavior represents a striking departure from the biographical approach common to other analyses of Soviet leadership, and provides a strong basis for comparison of the Soviet experience with constitutional transformation in other authoritarian polities.

Authoritarianism --- Constitutional history --- Soviet Union --- Politics and government. --- Administrative Organs Department. --- Bunce, Valerie. --- Cabinet of Ministers. --- Central Asian republics. --- Central Control Commission. --- Council of the Federation. --- Hosking, Geoffrey. --- Jones, Ellen. --- Kommunist. --- Komsomol. --- Ministry of State Farms. --- Organization Party Work Department. --- Orgburo. --- Politburo. --- Procuracy. --- Rush, Myron. --- Savinkin, Nikolai I. --- Socialist Revolutionary party. --- United Opposition. --- Willerton, John P. --- Zemtsov, Ilya. --- Zimyatin, Leonid. --- accountability. --- armed forces. --- balancing. --- clientelism. --- constitution. --- democratic centralism. --- disqualification of leaders. --- economic priorities. --- forced departicipation. --- generalist and specialist roles. --- great man theories. --- institutionalization. --- integrated electoral machine. --- learning theory. --- logrolling. --- loose coupling. --- military thought. --- normal politics. --- partisan analysis. --- political interests model. --- power and authority. --- regimes. --- revenue-seeking state. --- selectoral motivation. --- selectorate. --- sovnarkhozy. --- stagnation. --- unenfranchised participants. --- vice-president of the USSR.