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The essays here consider a broad range of topics drawn from the early to central Middle Ages. These include a fascinating glimpse of the controversy surrounding Theodoric of Ostrogoth's identity as a builder king; evidence of Byzantine slavery that emerges from a ninth-century Frankish exegetical tract; conciliar prohibitions against interfaith dining; and a fresh look at the doomed Danish marriage of Philip II of France. The Journal's commitment to source analysis is continued with chapters examining female authority on the coins of Henry the Lion; the use and meaning of monastic depredation lists; and the relationship between Henry of Huntingdon and Robert of Torigni. Finally, the volume offers a truly rich set of explorations of the political and historiographical dynamics between England and Wales from the tenth century through the late Middle Ages. This volume also contains the Henry Loyn Memorial Lecture for 2008. Contributors: Shane Bobrycki, Gregory I. Halfond, Thomas Heeboll-Holm, Georgia Henley, Jitske Jasperse, Simon Keynes, Maria Cristina La Rocca, Corinna Matlis, Benjamin Pohl, Thomas Roche, Owain Wyn Jones
Europe --- Great Britain --- History --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- HISTORY / Medieval. --- Angevin. --- Anglo-Norman. --- Anglo-Saxon. --- Byzantine slavery. --- Danish marriage. --- England. --- Wales. --- controversy. --- historiography. --- interfaith dining. --- medieval history. --- political dynamics.
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To sustain its positive trajectory, Somalia needs to break out of its dual development trap, where inadequate resources and minimal trust in government are preventing the state from providing the public goods and services necessary to consolidate its legitimacy, while large periodic shocks (such as drought) reverse the gains made and endanger the welfare of the most vulnerable. To break out of this cycle and launch itself on a durable development trajectory, Somalia will need both improved institutions and predictable development financing. To take advantage of the opportunity provided by the current relative political stability, this systematic country diagnostic (SCD) applies a modified version of the changing wealth of nations framework. This framework is focused on building up sustainable national wealth rather than maximizing short-term consumption, and is based upon an assessment of the stocks of various forms of capital -natural assets like land, forests, fish, and minerals; productive assets like buildings, machinery, and infrastructure (such as highways, ports, and electricity generation); human assets (population, education, and health); as well as the intangibles (such as the quality of institutions, the vitality of the private sector, and the functioning of the society) that govern the functioning of the economy. In this framework, development is defined as the process of accumulating a diversified and growing portfolio of national wealth. Among other approaches, by differentiating intangible capital in terms of its social, institutional, and entrepreneurial aspects this SCD more explicitly captures the quality and capacity of public institutions and governance, the functioning of social safety nets, inclusion and the strength of dispute resolution systems, and entrepreneurship. It also makes it possible to identify such obstacles to development as constraints on the accumulation of capital or drivers of capital depletion.
Agriculture --- Climate Change --- Climate Change Impacts --- Conflict And Development --- Energy Production --- Enterprise Development And Reform --- Environment --- Equity --- Financial Sector --- Fiscal Policy --- Gender --- Governance --- Health --- Inequality --- Labor Market --- National Governance --- Political Dynamics --- Poverty --- Poverty Reduction --- Private Sector Development --- Public Sector Development --- Public-Private Partnerships --- Social Capital --- Trade --- Urbanization
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This report examines the theoretical and practical synergies between three intervention models that are currently being employed to improve local governance in developing countries: 1) democratic decentralization or devolution; 2) community participatory approaches, and; 3) rights-based approaches. The aim is to identify the possibilities and challenges of an 'integrative approach' to local governance that combines the strengths of each of the three intervention models. It is assumed that an integrative approach can help enhance efforts to improve the downward accountability of local governments, enhance equity in the distribution of services and in various citizens' access to influence, and increase citizen participation in local governance processes. This is supported by a number of empirical cases from Africa, Latin America, Asia and Bosnia-Herzegovina, which are presented in the report. Each case also highlights a number of context-specific challenges to using an integrative approach, such as available financial resources, national policy environments and local conflicts. The report fills this gap by both identifying theoretical synergies and by drawing on the few empirical cases that exist.
Access to Information --- Accountability --- Advocacy --- Capacity Building --- Child Labor --- Citizen Participation --- Civil Rights --- Civil Society --- Civil Society Organizations --- Community Empowerment --- Constituencies --- Constitutions --- Corruption & anticorruption Law --- Decentralization --- Democratization --- Discrimination --- Domestic Violence --- Empowerment --- Food Security --- Good Governance --- Governance --- Governance Indicators --- Human Rights --- Inequality --- International Development Agencies --- Law and Development --- Legislation --- Mobilization --- Multilateral Donors --- National Governance --- Participatory Governance --- Political Dynamics --- Political Parties --- Public Policy --- Public Sector --- Public Service Delivery --- Social Accountability --- Social Development --- Social Justice --- Socialism --- Transparency
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Local government is the hidden leviathan of American politics: it accounts for nearly a tenth of gross domestic product, it collects nearly as much in taxes as the federal government, and its decisions have an enormous impact on Americans' daily lives. Yet political scientists have few explanations for how people vote in local elections, particularly in the smaller cities, towns, and suburbs where most Americans live. Drawing on a wide variety of data sources and case studies, this book offers the first comprehensive analysis of electoral politics in America's municipalities. Arguing that current explanations of voting behavior are ill suited for most local contests, Eric Oliver puts forward a new theory that highlights the crucial differences between local, state, and national democracies. Being small in size, limited in power, and largely unbiased in distributing their resources, local governments are "managerial democracies" with a distinct style of electoral politics. Instead of hinging on the partisanship, ideology, and group appeals that define national and state elections, local elections are based on the custodial performance of civic-oriented leaders and on their personal connections to voters with similarly deep community ties. Explaining not only the dynamics of local elections, Oliver's findings also upend many long-held assumptions about community power and local governance, including the importance of voter turnout and the possibilities for grassroots political change.
Democracy --- Local elections --- County elections --- Elections, County --- Elections, Local --- Elections, Municipal --- Municipal elections --- Election law --- Elections --- Law and legislation --- #SBIB:324H42 --- Politieke structuren: verkiezingen --- Ha, Shang E. --- Callen, Zachary. --- American 1 : --- General & Multiperiod. --- America. --- American government. --- American municipalities. --- American politics. --- bias. --- city council members. --- classical democratic theory. --- constitutive power. --- custodial performance. --- election results. --- electoral politics. --- grassroots politics. --- homevoters. --- incumbent. --- intermunicipal political exclusion. --- local community. --- local democracy. --- local elections. --- local governance. --- local government. --- local politicians. --- local politics. --- managerial democracy. --- municipal government. --- municipal governments. --- municipalities. --- national elections. --- national politics. --- political candidates. --- political dynamics. --- political engagement. --- political participation. --- population size. --- resource distribution. --- state elections. --- voter choice. --- voter turnout. --- voting behavior.
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Established in 221 BCE, the Chinese empire lasted for 2,132 years before being replaced by the Republic of China in 1912. During its two millennia, the empire endured internal wars, foreign incursions, alien occupations, and devastating rebellions--yet fundamental institutional, sociopolitical, and cultural features of the empire remained intact. The Everlasting Empire traces the roots of the Chinese empire's exceptional longevity and unparalleled political durability, and shows how lessons from the imperial past are relevant for China today. Yuri Pines demonstrates that the empire survived and adjusted to a variety of domestic and external challenges through a peculiar combination of rigid ideological premises and their flexible implementation. The empire's major political actors and neighbors shared its fundamental ideological principles, such as unity under a single monarch--hence, even the empire's strongest domestic and foreign foes adopted the system of imperial rule. Yet details of this rule were constantly negotiated and adjusted. Pines shows how deep tensions between political actors including the emperor, the literati, local elites, and rebellious commoners actually enabled the empire's basic institutional framework to remain critically vital and adaptable to ever-changing sociopolitical circumstances. As contemporary China moves toward a new period of prosperity and power in the twenty-first century, Pines argues that the legacy of the empire may become an increasingly important force in shaping the nation's future trajectory.
Political culture --- Political science --- Imperialism --- Ideology --- History --- Philosophy --- China --- Politics and government --- History. --- Politics and government. --- S06/0200 --- China: Politics and government--Government and political institutions: general and before 1911 --- Colonialism --- Empires --- Expansion (United States politics) --- Neocolonialism --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Psychology --- Thought and thinking --- Anti-imperialist movements --- Caesarism --- Chauvinism and jingoism --- Militarism --- Social sciences --- State, The --- Philosophy&delete& --- All-under-Heaven. --- Chinese emperor. --- Chinese emperorship. --- Chinese empire. --- Chinese history. --- Chinese imperial experience. --- Chinese intellectuals. --- Chinese political culture. --- Chinese political system. --- Republic of China. --- administrative power. --- balances. --- bureaucracy. --- checks. --- commoners. --- contemporary China. --- cultural foundations. --- depersonalization. --- educated elite. --- flawed morality. --- fragmentation. --- government apparatus. --- historical changes. --- imperial history. --- imperial ideology. --- imperial political culture. --- imperial political structure. --- imperial unification. --- institution. --- intellectual elitism. --- large-scale uprisings. --- local elites. --- modern China. --- modernity. --- monarch. --- monarchism. --- monarchy. --- omnipotent. --- political actors. --- political durability. --- political dynamics. --- political unity. --- popular uprisings. --- power. --- prosperity. --- rebellion. --- scholar-officials. --- shi. --- social power. --- stateХlite interactions. --- tianxia. --- unified empire. --- unity. --- voluntary attachment. --- Political culture - China - History --- Political science - China - Philosophy - History --- Imperialism - China - History --- Ideology - China - History --- China - Politics and government
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