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This open access book provides an overview and analysis of the causes and consequences of the massive and highly consequential transition in reproductive behaviour that occurred in Asia, Latin America, and Africa since the mid-20th century. In the 1950s contraceptive use was rare and women typically spend most of their reproductive years bearing and rearing children. By 2020 fertility and contraceptive use in Asia and Latin America reached levels commonly observed in the developed world. Africa’s fertility is still high, but transitions have started in all countries. This monograph is the first to provide a comprehensive analysis of these trends and their determinants, covering changes in reproductive behaviour (e.g., use of contraception and abortion), preferences (e.g., desire to limit and space births) and the role of socioeconomic development (e.g., education). The role of government policies and in particular family planning programs is discussed in depth. Particular attention is given to provide a balanced assessment of several political and scientific controversies that have beset the field. As such this book provides an interesting read for a wide audience of undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, and public health policy makers.

Population & demography --- Political economy --- Public health & preventive medicine --- Fertility transition --- Developing world --- Determinants of fertility --- Family planning programs --- Population policies --- Fertility policies --- Fertility trends --- Fertility decline --- Fertility preferences --- Socio-economic determinants in fertility decline --- Demographic transition --- Impact of population policies --- Political controversy over population policy --- Reproductive behaviour transition

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The American National Election Studies (ANES) is the premier social science survey program devoted to voting and elections. Conducted during the presidential election years and midterm Congressional elections, the survey is based on interviews with voters and delves into why they make certain choices. In this edited volume, John Aldrich and Kathleen McGraw bring together a group of leading social scientists that developed and tested new measures that might be added to the ANES, with the ultimate goal of extending scholarly understanding of the causes and consequences of electoral outcomes. The contributors--leading experts from several disciplines in the fields of polling, public opinion, survey methodology, and elections and voting behavior--illuminate some of the most important questions and results from the ANES 2006 pilot study. They look at such varied topics as self-monitoring in the expression of political attitudes, personal values and political orientations, alternate measures of political trust, perceptions of similarity and disagreement in partisan groups, measuring ambivalence about government, gender preferences in politics, and the political issues of abortion, crime, and taxes. Testing new ideas in the study of politics and the political psychology of voting choices and turnout, this collection is an invaluable resource for all students and scholars working to understand the American electorate.

Public opinion --- Elections --- Public opinion polls --- Election forecasting --- Electoral politics --- Franchise --- Polls --- Political science --- Politics, Practical --- Plebiscite --- Political campaigns --- Representative government and representation --- Opinion polls --- Polls, Public opinion --- Public opinion research --- Straw votes --- Social surveys --- Market surveys --- Public opinion. --- Research --- 2006 ANES Pilot Study. --- ANES update. --- ANES. --- American National Election Studies. --- Online Commons. --- abortion. --- crime. --- elections. --- gold standard. --- personality characteristics. --- pilot studies. --- political attitudes. --- political controversy. --- political orientation. --- political topics. --- political trust. --- public opinion surveys. --- public opinion. --- question battery. --- questionnaire design. --- self-monitoring. --- social science survey. --- social science. --- survey design. --- survey research. --- taxes. --- voting behavior. --- voting. --- United States