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This paper investigates the empirical relationship between citizens' perceptions of economic and political conditions and the incidence of nonviolent uprisings. Perceptions are measured by aggregating individual-level data from regional barometer surveys. The main results show that negative perceptions of political conditions - proxied by the share of the population that is generally dissatisfied with the way democracy works - have a significant positive effect on the number of protests and strikes. Negative perceptions of economic conditions do not seem to be significantly related to the latter. This generally holds across a large sample of countries and is particularly the case for Western and Central European countries as well as high-income countries. In developing economies, however, social protests appear to be driven by dissatisfaction with economic and political conditions. The heterogeneous effects of perceptions on uprisings across geography and income groups, however, are not robust and susceptible to changes in estimators and model specification. In particular, the international contagion of protests eliminates this international heterogeneity, implying that the incidence of uprisings in nearby countries tends to generate protests at home through its effect on perceptions related to political conditions in high-income countries. Overall, the effect of perceptions about political conditions, along with protest contagion, is robust to the inclusion of numerous control variables that capture actual economic conditions and the quality of governance across countries. The results are also robust to the use of seemingly valid instrumental variables, alternative count-data estimators, and sample composition.

Citizen Perceptions --- Civil Resistance --- Conflict --- Democracy --- Democratic Government --- National Governance --- Nonviolent Uprising --- Political Conflict --- Politics and Government --- Protest Contagion --- Social Conflict and Violence

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This study analyzes whether subjective well-being measures can explain variation in peaceful uprisings, in addition to the objective measures typically used in analyses of this type of events. Using data on uprisings and subjective well-being for 118 countries from 2007 to 2014-a period during which nonviolent conflict became increasingly prevalent-the study finds evidence of a positive effect of life dissatisfaction on the incidence of peaceful uprising, but not its violent counterpart. This effect does not depend on the type of political regime, nor the stage of development, and, to a large extent, it reflects changes in perceived satisfaction with living standards and the ability to have a purposeful and meaningful life.

Armed conflict --- Civil resistance --- Civil uprisings --- Conflict and development --- Economic growth --- Economic theory and research --- Grievances --- Happiness --- Industrial economics --- Inequality --- Inflation --- Political conflict --- Political economy --- Poverty reduction --- Social conflict and violence --- Social development --- Subjective well-being

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"La novela venezolana del siglo XXI se ha erigido como un observatorio creativo de la inmediatez política. Las intervenciones críticas que recoge este libro revelan un amplio abanico de corrientes temáticas y estrategias estéticas a través de la cuales se articula el tratamiento ficcional de la crisis del proyecto revolucionario y su impacto social. A través de la lectura de novelas publicadas entre 2002 y 2015, la autora examina cómo el conflicto político ha permeado la actual narrativa venezolana para trazar los orígenes y consecuencias de una contemporaneidad turbulenta. Estos dispositivos creativos de resistencia desafían los discursos oficiales, al tiempo que denuncian los antecedentes y consecuencias de la fractura del orden institucional y contribuyen al balance histórico de uno de los periodos más convulsos de la nación"--Publisher's description.

Venezuelan fiction --- Politics and literature --- Social change in literature. --- Politics in literature. --- Political science in literature --- Literature --- Literature and politics --- Venezuelan literature --- History and criticism. --- Political aspects --- Venezuela. --- 21st Century. --- Contemporary Literature. --- Crisis. --- Fiction. --- Novela Venezolana. --- Political Change. --- Political Conflict. --- Revolution. --- Venezuelan Culture. --- Venezuelan Literature.

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The period between the French Revolution and World War II was a time of tremendous growth in both mapmaking and map reading throughout Europe. There is no better place to witness this rise of popular cartography than in Alsace-Lorraine, a disputed borderland that the French and Germans both claimed as their national territory. Desired for its prime geographical position and abundant natural resources, Alsace-Lorraine endured devastating wars from 1870 to 1945 that altered its borders four times, transforming its physical landscape and the political allegiances of its citizens. For the border population whose lives were turned upside down by the French-German conflict, maps became essential tools for finding a new sense of place and a new sense of identity in their changing national and regional communities. Turning to a previously undiscovered archive of popular maps, Cartophilia reveals Alsace-Lorraine's lively world of citizen mapmakers that included linguists, ethnographers, schoolteachers, hikers, and priests. Together, this fresh group of mapmakers invented new genres of maps that framed French and German territory in original ways through experimental surveying techniques, orientations, scales, colors, and iconography. In focusing on the power of "bottom-up" maps to transform modern European identities, Cartophilia argues that the history of cartography must expand beyond the study of elite maps and shift its emphasis to the democratization of cartography in the modern world.

Cartography --- Political aspects --- Alsace (France) --- Lorraine (France) --- France --- Germany --- Maps --- History --- Boundaries --- History. --- maps, identity, europe, european, international, global, western world, borders, france, germany, history, historical, professor, academic, scholarly, college, university, cartography, map making, wwii, postwar, popular culture, surveying, iconography, politics, political, conflict, boundaries, states, immigration, language, social studies, strasbourg, geography, geographical, textbook, research.

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In this powerful book, David B. Edwards traces the lives of three recent Afghan leaders in Afghanistan's history--Nur Muhammad Taraki, Samiullah Safi, and Qazi Amin Waqad--to explain how the promise of progress and prosperity that animated Afghanistan in the 1960's crumbled and became the present tragedy of discord, destruction, and despair. Before Taliban builds on the foundation that Edwards laid in his previous book, Heroes of the Age, in which he examines the lives of three significant figures of the late nineteenth century--a tribal khan, a Muslim saint, and a prince who became king of the newly created state. In the mid twentieth century, Afghans believed their nation could be a model of economic and social development that would inspire the world. Instead, political conflict, foreign invasion, and civil war have left the country impoverished and politically dysfunctional. Each of the men Edwards profiles were engaged in the political struggles of the country's recent history. They hoped to see Afghanistan become a more just and democratic nation. But their visions for their country were radically different, and in the end, all three failed and were killed or exiled. Now, Afghanistan is associated with international terrorism, drug trafficking, and repression. Before Taliban tells these men's stories and provides a thorough analysis of why their dreams for a progressive nation lie in ruins while the Taliban has succeeded. In Edwards's able hands, this culturally informed biography provides a mesmerizing and revealing look into the social and cultural contexts of political change.

Heads of state --- Islam and politics --- Chefs d'Etat --- Islam et politique --- Biography --- Biographies --- Tarah'kåi, Nåur Muòhammad --- Safi, Samiullah --- Waqad, Qazi Amin --- Afghanistan --- Politics and government --- Politique et gouvernement --- Afghanistan-- History-- Saur Revolution, 1978. --- Safi, Samiullah. --- Amin, Qazi Muhammad. --- History --- Tarahʹkåi, Nåur Muòhammad --- Qazi Muhammad Amin --- Samiullah Safi --- Soviet Union --- SOCIAL SCIENCE / Anthropology / Cultural & Social. --- 1960s. --- 20th century. --- afghanistan. --- biographical. --- civil war. --- cultural studies. --- drug trafficking. --- economics. --- economy. --- history. --- international terrorism. --- islam. --- life story. --- middle east. --- middle eastern history. --- middle eastern. --- muslim. --- nur muhammad taraki. --- political conflict. --- politics. --- progress. --- qazi amin waqad. --- repression. --- samiullah safi. --- social change. --- social development. --- social progress. --- social studies. --- taliban. --- terrorism. --- true story. --- world history.