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In this provocative examination of collective identity in Jordan, Linda Layne challenges long-held Western assumptions that Arabs belong to easily recognizable corporate social groups. Who is a "true" Jordanian? Who is a "true" Bedouin? These questions, according to Layne, are examples of a kind of pigeonholing that has distorted the reality of Jordanian national politics. In developing an alternate approach, she shows that the fluid social identities of Jordan emerge from an ongoing dialogue among tribespeople, members of the intelligentsia, Hashemite rulers, and Western social scientists. Many commentators on social identity in the Middle East limit their studies to the village level, but Layne's goal is to discover how the identity-building processes of the locality and of the nation condition each other. She finds that the tribes create their own cultural "homes" through a dialogue with official nationalist rhetoric and Jordanian urbanites, while King Hussein, in turn, maintains the idea of the "homeland" in ways that are powerfully influenced by the tribespeople. The identities so formed resemble the shifting, irregular shapes of postmodernist land-scapes--but Hussein and the Jordanian people are also beginning to use a classically modernist linear narrative to describe themselves. Layne maintains, however, that even with this change Jordanian identities will remain resistant to all-or-nothing descriptions.

Bedouins --- Beduins --- Arabs --- Ethnology --- Nomads --- North Africans --- Ethnic identity. --- Jordan --- Giordania --- Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan --- Hashimite Kingdom of the Jordan --- Jordania --- Jordanien --- Mamlaka al-Urduniya al-Hashemiyah --- Mamlakah al-Urdunīyah al-Hāshimīyah --- Urdun --- Urdunn --- Yarden --- Transjordan --- Social life and customs. --- 1948 Arab–Israeli War. --- A Girl Like Her. --- Adoption. --- Adultery. --- Al-Aqsa Mosque. --- Algerian Civil War. --- American Enterprise Institute. --- Amman. --- Arab Cooperation Council. --- Arab Revolt. --- Arab nationalism. --- Arabs. --- Ariel Sharon. --- Bahá'í Faith. --- Ballot box. --- Barracks. --- Basseri. --- Bedouin. --- Capitalism. --- Circassians. --- Citizens (Spanish political party). --- Civil service. --- Clifford Geertz. --- Cultural Revolution. --- Dichotomy. --- Eastern world. --- Family honor. --- Fawaz. --- Feudalism. --- French Colonial. --- Green Revolution. --- Hashemites. --- Holism. --- Household. --- Human migration. --- Intelligentsia. --- John Bagot Glubb. --- Jordan Valley (Middle East). --- Jordan. --- Julian Jaynes. --- King of Syria. --- Kuwait. --- Legal practice. --- Majlis. --- Marshall Sahlins. --- Mattress. --- Middle East. --- Model village. --- Modernity. --- Mrs. --- Muslim world. --- National security. --- New Laws. --- Nuclear family. --- Of Education. --- One Unit. --- Palestinian refugee camps. --- Palestinian refugees. --- Palestinians. --- Political Man. --- Political alliance. --- Postmodernism. --- Prayer rug. --- Rashid Khalidi. --- Reasonable person. --- Refugee. --- Regency Council (Poland). --- Residence. --- Ritualization. --- Sally Falk Moore. --- Saudi Arabia. --- Sedentism. --- Segmentary lineage. --- Six-Day War. --- Slavery. --- Social anthropology. --- Social transformation. --- Sodomy. --- Sovereignty. --- Special Relationship. --- State formation. --- Suffrage. --- Surname. --- T. E. Lawrence. --- The Other Hand. --- Traditional society. --- Tribal Leadership. --- Tribal sovereignty in the United States. --- Tribalism. --- Tribe. --- United Arab Emirates. --- United States. --- V. --- Vegetable. --- Vernacular architecture. --- Voting age. --- Voting. --- Wadi Rum. --- Widad Kawar. --- Zionism.

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Applying an original theoretical framework, an international group of historians and social scientists here explores how class, rather than other social bonds, became central to the ideologies, dispositions, and actions of working people, and how this process was translated into diverse institutional legacies and political outcomes. Focusing principally on France. Germany, and the United States, the contributors examine the historically contingent connections between class, as objectively structured and experienced, and collective perceptions and responses as they develop in work, community, and politics. Following Ira Katznelson's introduction of the analytical concepts, William H. Sewell, Jr., Michelle Perrot, and Alain Cottereau discuss France; Amy Bridges and Martin Shefter, the United States; and Jargen Kocka and Mary Nolan, Germany. The conclusion by Aristide R. Zolberg comments on working-class formation up to World War I, including developments in Great Britain, and challenges conventional wisdom about class and politics in the industrializing West.

Working class --- Working class --- Working class --- History --- History --- History --- United States. --- Germany. --- France. --- Activism. --- Agriculture. --- Anti-Socialist Laws. --- Apprenticeship. --- Aristocracy. --- Artisan. --- Bourgeoisie. --- Capitalism. --- Class conflict. --- Class consciousness. --- Collective action. --- Collective bargaining. --- Decentralization. --- Division of labour. --- Domestic worker. --- E. P. Thompson. --- Economic development. --- Economic growth. --- Eight-hour day. --- Emigration. --- Employment. --- Factory system. --- Factory. --- Government. --- Handicraft. --- Household. --- Ideology. --- Immigration. --- Industrial Revolution. --- Industrial Worker. --- Industrial production. --- Industrial relations. --- Industrial society. --- Industrialisation. --- Industry. --- Institution. --- Journeyman. --- Labor aristocracy. --- Labor history of the United States. --- Labor relations. --- Laborer. --- Labour movement. --- Legislation. --- Local government. --- Major party. --- Manual labour. --- Manufacturing. --- Martin Shefter. --- Marxism. --- Mass movement. --- Mass production. --- Mechanization. --- Middle class. --- Militant (Trotskyist group). --- Party leader. --- Peasant. --- Political alliance. --- Political machine. --- Political party. --- Political science. --- Political spectrum. --- Politician. --- Politics. --- Proletarianization. --- Protest. --- Prussia. --- Putting-out system. --- Radicalism (historical). --- Reformism. --- Republicanism. --- Salary. --- Skilled worker. --- Social class. --- Social democracy. --- Social history. --- Social movement. --- Social structure. --- Strike action. --- Suffrage. --- Sweatshop. --- Syndicalism. --- Tariff. --- Tax. --- Textile industry. --- The Making of the English Working Class. --- Trade association. --- Trade union. --- Tradesman. --- Unemployment. --- Union Movement. --- Universal suffrage. --- Urbanization. --- Voting. --- Wage slavery. --- Wage. --- Welfare. --- Workforce. --- Working class. --- Workplace. --- World War I.

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"Americans claim a strong attachment to the work ethic and regularly profess support for government policies to promote employment. Why, then, have employment policies gained only a tenuous foothold in the United States? To answer this question, Margaret Weir highlights two related elements: the power of ideas in policymaking and the politics of interest formation. Rather than seeing policy as a straightforward outcome of public preferences, she shows how ideas frame the problems and how interests form around possibilities created by the interplay of ideas and politics." "By examining Keynesian macroeconomic policy in the 1930s and 1940s, labor market policies in the 1960s and 1970s, and efforts to develop new planning mechanisms in the late 1970s, Weir shows how early decisions restricted the scope for later initiatives. As a result, policies in the 1960s emphasized racial differences and thus drew opposition for creating special interest measures for African-Americans. Highlighting the limited capacities of the American national state, employment policy also attracted charges of waste, fraud, and corruption. By the 1970s, antipathy to the federal government and racial antagonism dominated the politics in this field, and any ideas for new programs quickly became entangled with preexisting problems."--Jacket

Labour market --- United States --- Politique de plein emploi --- Création d'emplois (Programmes gouvernementaux) --- Création d'emplois (Programmes gouvernementaux) --- Full employment policies --- Manpower policy --- Public service employment --- Emploi --- Politique gouvernementale --- Public service employment. --- Manpower policy. --- Full employment policies. --- Marche du travail --- Plein emploi --- Creation d'emplois --- United States. --- États-Unis --- Politique sociale. --- Activism. --- Adam Przeworski. --- Adviser. --- Advocacy group. --- Affirmative action. --- Alvin Hansen. --- American Economic Association. --- Americans. --- Apprenticeship. --- Black capitalism. --- Bureaucracy. --- Civil Works Administration. --- Civil service. --- Congressional Quarterly. --- Council of Economic Advisers. --- Daniel Patrick Moynihan. --- Demand For Labor. --- Domestic policy. --- E. Wight Bakke. --- Economic Report of the President. --- Economic interventionism. --- Economic planning. --- Economic policy. --- Economic problem. --- Economics. --- Economist. --- Employment agency. --- Employment. --- Equal opportunity. --- Executive agency. --- Fiscal policy. --- Foray. --- Full employment. --- Funding. --- Government spending. --- Government. --- Hostility. --- Human resources. --- Incentive program. --- Individualism. --- Institution. --- Jimmy Carter. --- Keynesian economics. --- Labour supply. --- Legislation. --- Lobbying. --- Lyndon B. Johnson. --- Macroeconomics. --- Milton Friedman. --- National Policy. --- Natural rate of unemployment. --- Obstacle. --- Office of Economic Opportunity. --- Office of Management and Budget. --- Policy Network. --- Policy. --- Political alliance. --- Political economy. --- Political party. --- Political science. --- Political strategy. --- Political system. --- Politician. --- Politics. --- Private sector. --- Program evaluation. --- Public interest. --- Public opinion. --- Public philosophy. --- Public policy. --- Public sphere. --- Ray Marshall. --- Richard Cloward. --- Richard Nathan. --- Richard Nixon. --- Social movement. --- Social policy. --- Supply-side economics. --- Tax cut. --- Tax policy. --- Tax reform. --- Tax. --- Theda Skocpol. --- Trade union. --- Trade-off. --- Underclass. --- Unemployment benefits. --- Unemployment. --- United States Department of Labor. --- Urban Institute. --- Voting. --- Walter Heller. --- War on Poverty. --- Welfare state. --- Welfare. --- Work ethic. --- Workfare. --- Workforce. --- Works Progress Administration. --- World War II. --- Economic policy --- Employment stabilization --- Unemployment --- Employment policy --- Human resource development --- Labor market --- Labor market policy --- Manpower utilization --- Labor policy --- Labor supply --- Trade adjustment assistance --- Employment, Public service --- Work relief --- Economic assistance, Domestic --- Civil service --- Government policy --- ABŞ --- ABSh --- Ameerika Ühendriigid --- America (Republic) --- Amerika Birlăshmish Shtatlary --- Amerika Birlăşmi Ştatları --- Amerika Birlăşmiş Ştatları --- Amerika ka Kelenyalen Jamanaw --- Amerika Qūrama Shtattary --- Amerika Qŭshma Shtatlari --- Amerika Qushma Shtattary --- Amerika (Republic) --- Amerikai Egyesült Államok --- Amerikanʹ Veĭtʹsėndi︠a︡vks Shtattnė --- Amerikări Pĕrleshu̇llĕ Shtatsem --- Amerikas Forenede Stater --- Amerikayi Miatsʻyal Nahangner --- Ameriketako Estatu Batuak --- Amirika Carékat --- AQSh --- Ar. ha-B. --- Arhab --- Artsot ha-Berit --- Artzois Ha'bris --- Bí-kok --- Ē.P.A. --- EE.UU. --- Egyesült Államok --- ĒPA --- Estados Unidos --- Estados Unidos da América do Norte --- Estados Unidos de América --- Estaos Xuníos --- Estaos Xuníos d'América --- Estatos Unitos --- Estatos Unitos d'America --- Estats Units d'Amèrica --- Ètats-Unis d'Amèrica --- États-Unis d'Amérique --- Fareyniḳṭe Shṭaṭn --- Feriene Steaten --- Feriene Steaten fan Amearika --- Forente stater --- FS --- Hēnomenai Politeiai Amerikēs --- Hēnōmenes Politeies tēs Amerikēs --- Hiwsisayin Amerikayi Miatsʻeal Tērutʻiwnkʻ --- Istadus Unidus --- Jungtinės Amerikos valstybės --- Mei guo --- Mei-kuo --- Meiguo --- Mî-koet --- Miatsʻyal Nahangner --- Miguk --- Na Stàitean Aonaichte --- NSA --- S.U.A. --- SAD --- Saharat ʻAmērikā --- SASht --- Severo-Amerikanskie Shtaty --- Severo-Amerikanskie Soedinennye Shtaty --- Si︠e︡vero-Amerikanskīe Soedinennye Shtaty --- Sjedinjene Američke Države --- Soedinennye Shtaty Ameriki --- Soedinennye Shtaty Severnoĭ Ameriki --- Soedinennye Shtaty Si︠e︡vernoĭ Ameriki --- Spojené obce severoamerické --- Spojené staty americké --- SShA --- Stadoù-Unanet Amerika --- Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá --- Stany Zjednoczone --- Stati Uniti --- Stati Uniti d'America --- Stâts Unîts --- Stâts Unîts di Americhe --- Steatyn Unnaneysit --- Steatyn Unnaneysit America --- SUA (Stati Uniti d'America) --- Sŭedineni amerikanski shtati --- Sŭedinenite shtati --- Tetã peteĩ reko Amérikagua --- U.S. --- U.S.A. --- United States of America --- Unol Daleithiau --- Unol Daleithiau America --- Unuiĝintaj Ŝtatoj de Ameriko --- US --- USA --- Usono --- Vaeinigte Staatn --- Vaeinigte Staatn vo Amerika --- Vereinigte Staaten --- Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika --- Verenigde State van Amerika --- Verenigde Staten --- VS --- VSA --- Wááshindoon Bikéyah Ałhidadiidzooígíí --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah al-Amirīkīyah --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah al-Amrīkīyah --- Yhdysvallat --- Yunaeted Stet --- Yunaeted Stet blong Amerika --- ZDA --- Združene države Amerike --- Zʹi︠e︡dnani Derz︠h︡avy Ameryky --- Zjadnośone staty Ameriki --- Zluchanyi︠a︡ Shtaty Ameryki --- Zlucheni Derz︠h︡avy --- ZSA --- Η.Π.Α. --- Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες της Αμερικής --- Америка (Republic) --- Американь Вейтьсэндявкс Штаттнэ --- Америкӑри Пӗрлешӳллӗ Штатсем --- САЩ --- Съединените щати --- Злучаныя Штаты Амерыкі --- ولايات المتحدة --- ولايات المتّحدة الأمريكيّة --- ولايات المتحدة الامريكية --- 미국 --- É.-U. --- ÉU --- Law and legislation --- Amerikanʹ Veĭtʹsėndi͡avks Shtattnė --- Si͡evero-Amerikanskīe Soedinennye Shtaty --- Soedinennye Shtaty Si͡evernoĭ Ameriki --- SUA --- Zʹi͡ednani Derz͡havy Ameryky --- Zluchanyi͡a Shtaty Ameryki --- Zlucheni Derz͡havy --- Amerik --- Америк --- Amerikiĭn Nėgdsėn Uls --- Америкийн Нэгдсэн Улс --- ANU --- АНУ --- Северо-Американские Штаты --- Северо-Американские Соединенные Штаты --- Сѣверо-Американскіе Соединенные Штаты --- Соединенные Штаты Америки --- Соединенные Штаты Северной Америки --- Соединенные Штаты Сѣверной Америки --- США --- ЗДА --- Зьєднані Держави Америки