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Food price volatility is one of the major challenges facing current and future global food systems. This book analyses how and why governments responded as they did to the global food crisis of 2007-09 and what their decisions can teach us about policy interventions.

Food prices --- Food industry and trade --- Food supply --- Government policy. --- History --- Food control --- Produce trade --- Agriculture --- Food security --- Single cell proteins --- Food --- Food preparation industry --- Food processing --- Food processing industry --- Food technology --- Food trade --- Agricultural processing industries --- Processed foods --- Agricultural prices --- Processing --- Prices --- food price volatility --- staple food commodities --- global agricultural system --- developing countries --- policy intervention --- 2007–08 world food price crisis --- Maize --- Wheat

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Policy recommendations for infrastructure provision usually build on a well-established understanding of best practice for sector governance. Too rarely are they adapted to the country-specific political environment even if this is an area where policy choices are likely to be subject to private agendas in politics. The fact that such private agendas are often ignored goes a long way toward explaining why infrastructure policies fail and why best practice can be counterproductive. While non-benevolence and rent-seeking are well described in the literature and anecdotes abound, there is only limited consideration of how the different incentive problems in politics impede policy improvements in infrastructure. This paper addresses why politics in infrastructure cannot be ignored, drawing on theoretical results and a systematic review of experiences. It reviews how different private agendas in politics will have different impacts for sector-governance decisions - and hence service delivery. The concept of best practice in policy recommendations should be reconsidered in a wide perspective and allow for tailored solutions based on an understanding of the given incentive problems. Policy recommendations should take into account how coordination trade-offs may complicate efforts to reduce the possible impact of private agendas on infrastructure policy decisions. Although more transparency linked to service delivery indicators is a "safe" recommendation, it is also clear that the demand for good governance will not be sufficient to secure political accountability in a sector with huge vested interests combined with complicated funding schemes and complex contracts.

Accountability --- Economic development --- Environment --- Environmental Economics & Policies --- Good governance --- Governance --- Governance Indicators --- Governance performance --- Infrastructure policies --- National Governance --- Policy decisions --- Policy intervention --- Political accountability --- Political power --- Public Sector Corruption & Anticorruption Measures --- Public Sector Development --- Service delivery --- Transport --- Transport Economics Policy & Planning

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This book focuses on case studies and theoretical concepts on sustainable land-use management in agroforestry systems. Special attention is given to farmland management in the contexts of farmers’ investments, farmers’ economic and behavioral factors, and farmers’ perceptions of irrigation systems. Urban agriculture and its extensions (e.g., urban gardening and urban beekeeping) are also featured in this book, in addition to the ways in which these practices can contribute to biodiversity conservation goals. Additionally, a case study on the use of the ecosystem evaluation index is featured and provides scientific and practical bases for land protection. Lastly, a state-of-the-art review on land-use policy is included, providing insights into how agroforestry systems can be converted to other land uses to meet the current demands. Scientists, practitioners, and policymakers can make use of this book in designing sustainable agroforestry systems.

Research & information: general --- Environmental economics --- urban beekeeping --- regulations --- barrier --- setback --- 3D laser scanner --- remote sensing --- fence location --- organic agriculture --- environment-friendly agriculture --- regression tree --- attitude --- motivation --- satisfaction --- property rights --- ecological property rights --- forestry investment --- farmers’ behavior --- reservoir confluence area --- subjective wellbeing --- community perceptions --- urban gardening --- Indonesia --- COVID-19 --- evidence-based policymaking --- agricultural land --- forests --- consensus building --- Japan --- collective forest rights --- land tenure --- reform --- forestland investment --- public welfare --- forest land --- migration --- drought tolerant breeds --- adaptation --- relief grants --- policy intervention --- smallholder livestock farmers --- agricultural --- urban --- rice–fish farming --- biodiversity --- education --- experience --- museum --- land use --- land cover --- temporal and spatial change --- ecosystem assessment --- GIS --- northeast forest belt --- agroecosystem services --- alpine areas --- extensive livestock farming --- stakeholder participation --- focus group --- water resources --- water framework directive --- n/a --- farmers' behavior --- rice-fish farming

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The book “Integrated human exposure to air pollution” aimed to increase knowledge about human exposure in different micro-environments, or when citizens are performing specific tasks, to demonstrate methodologies for the understanding of pollution sources and their impact on indoor and ambient air quality, and, ultimately, to identify the most effective mitigation measures to decrease human exposure and protect public health. Taking advantage of the latest available tools, such as internet of things (IoT), low-cost sensors and a wide access to online platforms and apps by the citizens, new methodologies and approaches can be implemented to understand which factors can influence human exposure to air pollution. This knowledge, when made available to the citizens, along with the awareness of the impact of air pollution on human life and earth systems, can empower them to act, individually or collectively, to promote behavioral changes aiming to reduce pollutants’ emissions. Overall, this book gathers fourteen innovative studies that provide new insights regarding these important topics within the scope of human exposure to air pollution. A total of five main areas were discussed and explored within this book and, hopefully, can contribute to the advance of knowledge in this field.

Personal Air Pollution Exposure (PAPE) --- air pollution monitoring --- IoT --- Air Quality Decision Support System --- health impact --- air pollution --- public concern --- air quality index --- Baidu index --- Shanghai --- air quality --- crowd-sensing --- crowd-sourced sensing --- environmental analysis --- pollution --- particulate matter --- dust sensor --- human exposure --- Arduino --- wireless networks --- oxides --- traffic --- state space --- milan --- area b --- cross validation --- policy intervention analysis --- counter-factual --- unobservable components --- PM2.5 --- population exposure --- tier-models --- health burden misclassification --- BenMap-CE --- tuberculosis --- infectious disease --- time-series --- Poisson regression --- kriging --- road dust --- PM10 emission factors --- enrichment index --- human health risk --- atmospheric aerosols --- bioaerosols --- culturable bacteria --- long-term trends --- hazard for human --- indoor air quality --- e-cigarettes --- heat-not-burn tobacco --- traditional smoking products --- tobacco smoke --- passenger cars --- lung inflammation --- allergy --- indoor pollutants --- biomarkers --- FeNO --- eosinophil --- neutrophil --- fine particulate matter --- economic growth --- urbanization --- industrialization --- Granger causality test --- air pollutants --- monitoring --- seasonality --- chemical characterization --- source apportionment --- particulate matters (PM) --- air purifier --- experiment --- real-time monitoring unit --- transfer unit --- occupant --- breathing zone --- cooking fuel --- household air pollution --- preterm births --- perinatal mortality --- low birth weight --- stillbirth --- Nigeria --- n/a