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This open access book (Volume 2) is part of the series "The Physics of Laser Plasmas and Applications." It serves as an introduction to the physics of compressible hydrodynamics, which is used to describe the temporal evolution of plasmas generated by intense laser irradiation of solid surfaces. For the benefit of students and young researchers, the book presents the fundamental equations and provides a comprehensible explanation of solutions to intricate fluid phenomena. It builds upon the concept of plasma generation through the heating of matter via the classical absorption of a laser, as expounded in Volume 1. The high-temperature plasma resulting from the laser interaction manifests in diverse hydrodynamic occurrences like shock waves and expansion waves. The initial sections of this book expound the essentials of compressible hydrodynamics, magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), and the physics of shock waves. The transfer of laser energy within an expanding plasma towards regions of higher density is achieved through electron and X-ray transport mechanisms. In both instances, conventional diffusion models prove inadequate, necessitating mathematical frameworks founded on the Boltzmann equation. The conveyed energy engenders ablation pressure, equivalent to tens of millions of atmospheres, on the solid surface. This pressure initiates powerful shock waves propagating through the solid material. The propagation of these shock waves is delineated for scenarios involving planar and spherical geometries. The text also introduces various solutions pertaining to convergent and divergent shocks in spherical geometries using self-similar models. The discourse then shifts towards ionization and related atomic processes, which govern the dynamics of plasmas created by laser irradiation of mid-Z and high-Z solids. The quantum mechanics of partially ionized atoms and their associated atomic processes are elucidated. Concluding the book is an exploration of the physics of warm dense matter (WDM) – an electron system characterized by quantum-mechanical, many-body interactions. The study of high-density plasmas featuring temperatures around 1 eV is undertaken through the lens of density functional theory (DFT). The theoretical breakdown of experimental data acquired via the X-ray free electron laser (X-FEL) is also provided. In essence, this second volume of the series amalgamates a comprehensive understanding of compressible hydrodynamics, shock wave physics, ionization processes, energy transfer, and the realm of warm dense matter. It equips readers to delve into the intricacies of plasma physics and laser interactions while utilizing modern theoretical frameworks and experimental methodologies.
Plasma (Ionized gases). --- Plasma processing. --- Plasma Physics. --- Complex Plasma.
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This book highlights the latest progress in pulsed discharge plasmas presented by front-line researchers worldwide. The science and technology surrounding pulsed discharge plasmas is advanced through a wide scope of interdisciplinary studies into pulsed power and plasma physics. Pulsed discharge plasmas with high-power density, high E/N and high-energy electrons can effectively generate highly reactive plasma. Related applications have gathered strong interests in various fields. With contributions from global scientists, the book elaborates on the theories, numerical simulations, diagnostic methods, discharge characteristics and application technologies of pulsed discharge plasmas. The book is divided into three parts with a total of 35 chapters, including 11 chapters on pulsed discharge generation and mechanism, 12 chapters on pulsed discharge characterization and 12 chapters on pulsed discharge applications (wastewater treatments, biomedicine, surface modification, and energy conversion, etc). The book is a must-have reference for researchers and engineers in related fields and graduate students interested in the subject.
Plasma (Ionized gases). --- Plasma diagnostics. --- Basic Plasma Phenomena and Gas Discharges. --- Atmospheric pressure plasmas. --- Plasma processing. --- Plasma Diagnostics. --- Diagnostics, Plasma (Ionized gases) --- Plasma measurement techniques --- Physical measurements --- Plasma (Ionized gases) --- Plasma probes --- Gaseous discharge --- Gaseous plasma --- Magnetoplasma --- Ionized gases
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These proceedings highlight the fundamental researches and up-to-data developments on energy conversion and high-voltage application by means of low temperature and atmospheric pressure plasma. In recent years, plasma-assisted energy conversion gains increasing attention as an alternative to thermal-catalysis or electro-catalysis. These proceedings discuss and exchange cutting-edge scientific innovations and technological advances in fields like plasma-enabled synthesis of chemicals and fuels, plasma-enabled the environmental clean-up, plasma-enabled catalysis treatment, in-situ probing of plasma-catalyst interactions and its high-voltage applications, which show great potentials in industrial demands like CO2 hydrogenation, CH4 reforming and nitrogen fixation, plasma deposition, chemical synthesis, VOC abatement and high-voltage insulation. This collection of papers presents the main applications of plasma-induced energy conversion and high-voltage discharge in the form of separate chapters, including cutting-edge studies on conversion technology, complex mechanism simulation, in-situ detection and converged applications by artificial intelligence. These proceedings are suitable for researchers engaged in fields like plasma-catalysis, discharge diagnosis and modelling, chemical modelling and high-voltage applications. The major topics covered in the conference proceedings are: 1) Advanced plasma-catalysis conversion technology; 2) Advanced in-situ discharge diagnosis technology; 3) Advanced in-situ plasma-catalysis characterization; 4) Multi-scale or innovative modelling technology; 5) High-voltage discharge and application.
Plasma (Ionized gases). --- Renewable energy sources. --- Plasma diagnostics. --- Basic Plasma Phenomena and Gas Discharges. --- Atmospheric pressure plasmas. --- Renewable Energy. --- Plasma processing. --- Plasma Diagnostics. --- Diagnostics, Plasma (Ionized gases) --- Plasma measurement techniques --- Physical measurements --- Plasma (Ionized gases) --- Plasma probes --- Alternate energy sources --- Alternative energy sources --- Energy sources, Renewable --- Sustainable energy sources --- Power resources --- Renewable natural resources --- Agriculture and energy --- Gaseous discharge --- Gaseous plasma --- Magnetoplasma --- Ionized gases --- Energy conversion --- Conversion, Energy --- Force and energy
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The first experiments on electron scattering were completed before the “official” discovery of this particle by J. J. Thomson. In spite of this, our knowledge of cross sections is still far from complete.More recent experiments had some unexpected results, like selective fragmentation of DNA constituents by low-energy electrons, or “reverse” phenomena, i.e., synthesis of simple amino acids from inorganic precursors, triggered by slow electrons. The most recent need for cross sections comes from modeling plasmas for industrial and thermonuclear applications, and atmospheres of solar and extra-solar planets.Both fundamental research (experiments, theory, reviews) and applications of electron-scattering cross sections in various processes are welcome.
Research & information: general --- Physics --- ionization --- electron --- positron --- few body --- electron scattering --- integral cross sections --- alcohols --- isomeric effect --- butanol --- pentanol --- electron mobility --- multiple-scattering effects --- disordered systems --- weak localization --- electron and positron scattering --- spin asymmetry --- critical minima --- total polarization --- coulomb glory --- water --- vibrational excitation --- R-matrix --- electron-molecule collisions --- interstellar medium --- model potential --- wave-packet propagation --- vibrational cross-section --- backscattering --- electron optics --- inelastic collisions --- numerical simulations --- electron ionization --- electron capture --- helium droplets --- cross section --- MCDF wavefunctions --- wavelengths --- transition rates --- relativistic distorted wave method --- cross sections --- rate coefficients --- ionizing radiation --- dissociative electron attachment --- mass spectrometry --- DNA damage --- cross-section calculations --- plasma simulation --- electron atomic collisions --- ionization cross section --- approximation of cross sections --- alkali metals --- noble gases --- electron elastic scattering --- scattering cross-sections --- positron scattering --- total cross-sections --- dispersion relation --- electron scattering cross sections --- electron transport in gases --- electron track simulation --- positron impact ionization --- positron-molecule scattering --- binary-encounter-Bethe --- argon optical emission spectroscopy --- plasma processing --- coronal models --- collisional-radiative model --- nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium plasmas --- population kinetics --- radiation transport --- opacity effects --- Non-Maxwellian plasmas --- metastable states --- electron-impact ionization --- BEB approach --- elementary processes in plasmas --- ionization --- electron --- positron --- few body --- electron scattering --- integral cross sections --- alcohols --- isomeric effect --- butanol --- pentanol --- electron mobility --- multiple-scattering effects --- disordered systems --- weak localization --- electron and positron scattering --- spin asymmetry --- critical minima --- total polarization --- coulomb glory --- water --- vibrational excitation --- R-matrix --- electron-molecule collisions --- interstellar medium --- model potential --- wave-packet propagation --- vibrational cross-section --- backscattering --- electron optics --- inelastic collisions --- numerical simulations --- electron ionization --- electron capture --- helium droplets --- cross section --- MCDF wavefunctions --- wavelengths --- transition rates --- relativistic distorted wave method --- cross sections --- rate coefficients --- ionizing radiation --- dissociative electron attachment --- mass spectrometry --- DNA damage --- cross-section calculations --- plasma simulation --- electron atomic collisions --- ionization cross section --- approximation of cross sections --- alkali metals --- noble gases --- electron elastic scattering --- scattering cross-sections --- positron scattering --- total cross-sections --- dispersion relation --- electron scattering cross sections --- electron transport in gases --- electron track simulation --- positron impact ionization --- positron-molecule scattering --- binary-encounter-Bethe --- argon optical emission spectroscopy --- plasma processing --- coronal models --- collisional-radiative model --- nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium plasmas --- population kinetics --- radiation transport --- opacity effects --- Non-Maxwellian plasmas --- metastable states --- electron-impact ionization --- BEB approach --- elementary processes in plasmas
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The first experiments on electron scattering were completed before the “official” discovery of this particle by J. J. Thomson. In spite of this, our knowledge of cross sections is still far from complete.More recent experiments had some unexpected results, like selective fragmentation of DNA constituents by low-energy electrons, or “reverse” phenomena, i.e., synthesis of simple amino acids from inorganic precursors, triggered by slow electrons. The most recent need for cross sections comes from modeling plasmas for industrial and thermonuclear applications, and atmospheres of solar and extra-solar planets.Both fundamental research (experiments, theory, reviews) and applications of electron-scattering cross sections in various processes are welcome.
Research & information: general --- Physics --- ionization --- electron --- positron --- few body --- electron scattering --- integral cross sections --- alcohols --- isomeric effect --- butanol --- pentanol --- electron mobility --- multiple-scattering effects --- disordered systems --- weak localization --- electron and positron scattering --- spin asymmetry --- critical minima --- total polarization --- coulomb glory --- water --- vibrational excitation --- R-matrix --- electron-molecule collisions --- interstellar medium --- model potential --- wave-packet propagation --- vibrational cross-section --- backscattering --- electron optics --- inelastic collisions --- numerical simulations --- electron ionization --- electron capture --- helium droplets --- cross section --- MCDF wavefunctions --- wavelengths --- transition rates --- relativistic distorted wave method --- cross sections --- rate coefficients --- ionizing radiation --- dissociative electron attachment --- mass spectrometry --- DNA damage --- cross-section calculations --- plasma simulation --- electron atomic collisions --- ionization cross section --- approximation of cross sections --- alkali metals --- noble gases --- electron elastic scattering --- scattering cross-sections --- positron scattering --- total cross-sections --- dispersion relation --- electron scattering cross sections --- electron transport in gases --- electron track simulation --- positron impact ionization --- positron-molecule scattering --- binary-encounter-Bethe --- argon optical emission spectroscopy --- plasma processing --- coronal models --- collisional-radiative model --- nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium plasmas --- population kinetics --- radiation transport --- opacity effects --- Non-Maxwellian plasmas --- metastable states --- electron-impact ionization --- BEB approach --- elementary processes in plasmas --- n/a
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The first experiments on electron scattering were completed before the “official” discovery of this particle by J. J. Thomson. In spite of this, our knowledge of cross sections is still far from complete.More recent experiments had some unexpected results, like selective fragmentation of DNA constituents by low-energy electrons, or “reverse” phenomena, i.e., synthesis of simple amino acids from inorganic precursors, triggered by slow electrons. The most recent need for cross sections comes from modeling plasmas for industrial and thermonuclear applications, and atmospheres of solar and extra-solar planets.Both fundamental research (experiments, theory, reviews) and applications of electron-scattering cross sections in various processes are welcome.
ionization --- electron --- positron --- few body --- electron scattering --- integral cross sections --- alcohols --- isomeric effect --- butanol --- pentanol --- electron mobility --- multiple-scattering effects --- disordered systems --- weak localization --- electron and positron scattering --- spin asymmetry --- critical minima --- total polarization --- coulomb glory --- water --- vibrational excitation --- R-matrix --- electron-molecule collisions --- interstellar medium --- model potential --- wave-packet propagation --- vibrational cross-section --- backscattering --- electron optics --- inelastic collisions --- numerical simulations --- electron ionization --- electron capture --- helium droplets --- cross section --- MCDF wavefunctions --- wavelengths --- transition rates --- relativistic distorted wave method --- cross sections --- rate coefficients --- ionizing radiation --- dissociative electron attachment --- mass spectrometry --- DNA damage --- cross-section calculations --- plasma simulation --- electron atomic collisions --- ionization cross section --- approximation of cross sections --- alkali metals --- noble gases --- electron elastic scattering --- scattering cross-sections --- positron scattering --- total cross-sections --- dispersion relation --- electron scattering cross sections --- electron transport in gases --- electron track simulation --- positron impact ionization --- positron-molecule scattering --- binary-encounter-Bethe --- argon optical emission spectroscopy --- plasma processing --- coronal models --- collisional-radiative model --- nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium plasmas --- population kinetics --- radiation transport --- opacity effects --- Non-Maxwellian plasmas --- metastable states --- electron-impact ionization --- BEB approach --- elementary processes in plasmas --- n/a
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